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Soviet lunar module intended to be used in the Soviet lunar landing attempts
the N1 and the LK programs were cancelled without any further development. Sergei Korolev, the lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during
LK_(spacecraft)
Projected Soviet crewed lunar flyby spacecraft
LK-1 was a projected Soviet crewed lunar flyby spacecraft. It would be launched on a three-stage Proton launch vehicle. The project started in 1962 under
LK-1
Soviet moon lander program
the N1-L3 program. It was also a further development of the LK-1 lunar flyby spacecraft. It would have been launched using the proposed UR-700 rocket
LK-700
Topics referred to by the same term
(former NASDAQ ticker lk) System LK, in mathematics, the classical sequent calculus LK (spacecraft), a Soviet lunar lander LK (index mark code), county
LK
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a crewed lunar landing using Soyuz 7K-LOK and LK spacecraft launched with the N1
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
Type of spacecraft with one occupant
development phase and never flew.) Shenzhou (spacecraft) (Shenzhou 5 carried 1 Taikonaut) LK (spacecraft) Soyuz (spacecraft) (Soyuz 1 & 3 had only 1 Cosmonaut onboard)
Single-person_spacecraft
Soviet space capsule
vehicle. Initially designed for the LK-1 human lunar flyby spacecraft for one of the Soviet crewed lunar programs, then the LK-700 redesign, it was later repurposed
VA_spacecraft
Lunar lander family for the Artemis program
lander LK (spacecraft) – Soviet crewed lunar lander Starship HLS – SpaceX's lunar lander variant of the Starship spacecraft Altair (spacecraft) – the
Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)
Lunar lander designed for human spaceflight
cancelled both the N1 Rocket and the LK Lunar Module programs without any further development. Altair (spacecraft), a proposed lunar module for the Constellation
Lunar_module
China crewed lunar surface lander
traditional patched-conic method of trajectory design. Apollo Lunar Module LK (spacecraft) – Soviet crewed lunar lander Altair – the crewed lander component of
Lanyue
Soviet expendable carrier rocket
payload. A larger payload fairing was also fitted, to accommodate the LK spacecraft. The Soyuz-L was only launched three times between 1970 and 1971, all
Soyuz-L
Concept for a lunar spacecraft derived from Soyuz
7K-L1S "Zond-M" modification of the 7K-L1 spacecraft instead of the 7K-LOK or 7K-L1E were used without the dummy LK, and they, along with the booster, were
Soyuz_7K-LOK
Lunar lander variant of SpaceX Starship
Origin Blue Moon (spacecraft) – Lunar lander family for the Artemis program Lanyue – China crewed lunar surface lander LK (spacecraft) – Soviet lunar module
Starship_HLS
Docking hardware of the Soviet crewed lunar spacecraft program
lunar orbit rendezvous of the Soyuz 7K-LOK crewed lunar orbiter spacecraft and Soviet LK lunar lander for the Soviet space program. The Soyuz Kontakt docking
Soyuz_Kontakt
Artemis program crewed spacecraft
Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used by NASA for the Artemis lunar exploration program. It consists of
Orion_(spacecraft)
Soviet spacecraft control panels
(and previous Soviet) spacecraft. For example, the original Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft used the "Sirius-7k" IDS. Voskhod Spacecraft Globus IMP navigation
Information_display_systems
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed spacecraft to
Apollo_Lunar_Module
This is a list of all crewed spacecraft types that have flown into space, including sub-orbital flights above 80 km, space stations that have been visited
List_of_crewed_spacecraft
First uncrewed test flight of the Soviet lunar module
with the Soyuz 7K-L3. The LK lander tested out without major problems and decayed from orbit on September 21, 1983. Spacecraft: T2K Mass: 5500 kg Crew:
Kosmos_379
2026 crewed flyby of the Moon
the Space Launch System (SLS), and the first crewed flight of the Orion spacecraft, named Integrity by the four-person crew. The mission was a test flight
Artemis_II
Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s
a compact reentry capsule derived from Chelomei's earlier LK-1 circumlunar spacecraft and LK-700 lunar lander capsule designs. It resembled the Apollo
TKS_(spacecraft)
Joining of two or more space vehicles
Docking and berthing of spacecraft is the joining of two space vehicles. This connection can be temporary, or partially permanent such as for space station
Docking and berthing of spacecraft
Docking_and_berthing_of_spacecraft
Second uncrewed test flight of the Soviet lunar module
also known as T2K No.2, was the second uncrewed test flight of the Soviet LK lander, using the T2K version. It followed the same program as Kosmos 379
Kosmos_398
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
insertion, and initial surface descent; single-pilot LK lander; and two-pilot Soyuz 7K-LOK orbital spacecraft for return to Earth. The N1 started development
N1_(rocket)
Planned lander spacecraft component of NASA's cancelled Project Constellation
The Altair spacecraft, previously known as the Lunar Surface Access Module or LSAM, was the planned lander spacecraft component of NASA's cancelled Constellation
Altair_(spacecraft)
engine". www.russianspaceweb.com. "LK". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. "LK spacecraft and Block E". Russianspaceweb.com
Blok_E
Third and final uncrewed test flight of the Soviet lunar module
the Soviet LK Lander. It performed the longest burn of the four uncrewed LK Lander tests, validating the backup rocket engine of the LK's Blok E propulsion
Kosmos_434
Upcoming crewed mission of the Artemis program
rather than a lunar landing. Four astronauts will launch aboard the Orion spacecraft on the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Florida
Artemis_III
Proposed method of Moon landing
settled on an approach similar to NASA's: two men in a Soyuz spacecraft with a one-man LK lander. The Soviets attempted to launch the N1 rocket on 21 February
Direct_ascent
NASA Mars lander (2008)
mythological bird that is repeatedly reborn from its own ashes. The Phoenix spacecraft contains several previously built components. The lander used was the
Phoenix_(spacecraft)
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
Apollo by NASA manager Abe Silverstein, who later said, "I was naming the spacecraft like I'd name my baby." Silverstein chose the name at home one evening
Apollo_program
Proposed Soviet spacecraft
the Soyuz 7K and Soyuz 7K-P programmes; the former in favour of the LK-1 spacecraft, and the latter in favour of uncrewed antisatellite programmes, the
Soyuz-V
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
Apollo 8 (December 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth's gravitational sphere of influence, and the first human spaceflight to
Apollo_8
NASA orbiter mission to the Moon (2011–2012)
mapping of the Moon to determine its interior structure. The two small spacecraft, GRAIL A (Ebb) and GRAIL B (Flow), were launched on 10 September 2011
GRAIL
Topics referred to by the same term
guided missile system Skif, a character from the Ukrainian video game S.T.A.LK.E.R. 2: Heart Of Chornobyl SKIF - Shotokan Karate-Do International Federation
Skif
Planned spaceflight mission
it is ready, a Space Launch System (SLS) rocket will launch an Orion spacecraft carrying the four astronaut crew members. With Starship, both vehicles
Artemis_IV
2025 lunar landing mission
spacecraft was not in the correct orientation and one of the two radio antennas was not operating. The sideways orientation prevented the spacecraft from
IM-2
Spacecraft intended to land on the surface of the Moon
A lunar lander or Moon lander is a spacecraft designed to land on the surface of the Moon. As of 2024, the Apollo Lunar Module is the only lunar lander
Lunar_lander
American space project
launched on January 25, 1994. Its objective was to test sensors and spacecraft components in long-term exposure to space and to make scientific observations
Clementine_(spacecraft)
Former NASA Lunar mission
communications terminal. The mission ended on April 18, 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon
LADEE
European lunar mapping mission
Jens Frydenvang, associate professor at University of Copenhagen. The spacecraft is being built by the mission's main industrial partner, the Danish satellite
Máni_(spacecraft)
Soviet spacecraft
4 and First Lunar Rover, was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon, the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to
Luna_1
Russian and Soviet rocket family
the launcher of crewed Soyuz spacecraft under the Soyuz programme, and of the derivative uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft. Despite this recognition, the
Soyuz_(rocket_family)
2024 lunar landing mission
standalone spacecraft. In December 2023, Odysseus arrived at Kennedy Space Center for processing. On January 31, 2024, the Odysseus spacecraft was encapsulated
IM-1
Indian lunar mission (2019–Present)
composition, as well as the location and abundance of lunar water. The spacecraft was launched from the second launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Chandrayaan-2
Soviet Moon rover program
[citation needed] For mission safety, weeks before the human mission on a LK lander, an LK-R uncrewed lander from the L3 lunar expedition complex and two Lunokhod
Lunokhod_programme
NASA-led lunar exploration program
originating from the canceled Constellation program, including the Orion spacecraft (paired with the European Service Module) and booster upgrades initially
Artemis_program
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
bureau, OKB-52, headed by Vladimir Chelomey, was developing the LK-1 lunar flyby spacecraft, which would be launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket.
Space_Race
Soviet lunar orbiter
Luna program run by the Soviet Union. It was also called Lunik 14. The spacecraft is believed to have been similar to Luna 12 and the instrumentation was
Luna_14
1990 Japanese lunar probe
The Hiten spacecraft (ひてん, Japanese pronunciation: [çiteɴ]), given the English name Celestial Maiden and known before launch as MUSES-A (Mu Space Engineering
Hiten_(spacecraft)
Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
circumlunar complex proposal (1963) Soyuz 7K crewed spacecraft concept; cancelled in 1964 in favor of the LK-1 Soyuz 9K proposed orbital tug; cancelled in 1964
Soyuz_programme
Fifth orbital flight of the Artemis program
proposed as the program's third lunar landing mission, sending an Orion spacecraft with four astronauts to the now-cancelled Lunar Gateway space station
Artemis_V
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
"F" mission, intended to test all spacecraft components and procedures short of actual descent and landing. After the spacecraft reached lunar orbit, astronaut
Apollo_10
Failed Japanese orbiter mission to Mars (1998–2003)
for use in future planetary missions. Specifically, instruments on the spacecraft were to measure the structure, composition and dynamics of the ionosphere
Nozomi_(spacecraft)
Solar observation mission (2006–present)
RElations Observatory) is a solar observation mission. Two nearly identical spacecraft (STEREO-A, STEREO-B) were launched in 2006 into orbits around the Sun
STEREO
Soviet spacecraft for crewed lunar flyby
launch. However, Chelomei also proposed his own, competing for lunar spacecraft, the LK-1, and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev gave his approval in August
Soyuz_7K-L1
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
up previous Apollo lunar missions, they were familiar with the Apollo spacecraft and had more time for geology training. Launched at 12:33 a.m. Eastern
Apollo_17
First crewed Moon landing (1969)
from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 16 at 13:32 UTC, the Apollo spacecraft consisted of three parts: the command module (CM), which housed the three
Apollo_11
1960s NASA program to soft-land robotic probes on the Moon
program that, from June 1966 through January 1968, sent seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon. Its primary goal was to demonstrate the feasibility
Surveyor_program
NASA satellite to test the Lunar Gateway orbit
stability planned for the now canceled Lunar Gateway space station. The spacecraft is a 12-unit CubeSat that is also testing a navigation system that is
CAPSTONE
Lunar Impactor
Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) was a robotic spacecraft operated by NASA. The mission was conceived as a low-cost means of determining
LCROSS
Soviet uncrewed spacecraft
Soyuz 7K-L1E was a Soviet uncrewed modified Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft, also known as a dummy Soyuz 7K-LOK. Two were built, with one successfully launched
Soyuz_7K-L1E
on the lunar surface, followed later that year by Luna 10, the first spacecraft to enter orbit around the Moon. In 1968, the Zond 5 mission became the
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
Third crewed Moon landing
13 to reach the Moon's surface, and the need for modifications to the spacecraft as a result. Commander Alan Shepard, Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa
Apollo_14
2022 uncrewed Moon-orbiting NASA mission
flight test of the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and its main objective was to test the Orion spacecraft, especially its heat shield
Artemis_I
2025 lunar landing mission
robotic Moon landing mission conducted by Firefly Aerospace (Firefly). The spacecraft soft-landed on the lunar surface on March 2, 2025, making Firefly the
Blue_Ghost_Mission_1
Soviet engineer (1929–1996)
extender ("radiophone"), called LK-1 (not to be confused with the cancelled Soviet spacecraft of the same name or LK-1 (ЛК-1) the first Soviet trolleybus)
Leonid_Kupriyanovich
Indian lunar sample-return mission
combined fuel mass and size of the spacecraft. Hence the flight was optimised for a dual-launch strategy. The spacecraft elements include: Propulsion Module
Chandrayaan-4
Second crewed Moon landing
several geology field trips in preparation for their mission. Apollo 12's spacecraft and launch vehicle were almost identical to Apollo 11's. One addition
Apollo_12
Final Soviet sample-return mission to the Moon, 1976
Soviet Union's Luna programme. The 24th mission of the Luna series of spacecraft, the mission of the Luna 24 probe was the third Soviet mission to return
Luna_24
Aborted Moon landing mission in the Apollo program
the spacecraft, was in communication via voice loop to specialists in a Staff Support Room (or "back room"), who focused on specific spacecraft systems
Apollo_13
The Astrobotic Peregrine robotic spacecraft are a class of lunar landers designed and operated by Astrobotic Technology to deliver small payloads to the
Astrobotic_Peregrine
of both the Soyuz 7K and P programmes; the former in favour of the LK-1 spacecraft, and the latter in favour of uncrewed anti-satellite programmes, the
Soyuz-B
Planetary surface exploration vehicle
typically land on a planet other than Earth or a moon via a lander-style spacecraft, tasked to move around and collect information about the terrain, and
Rover_(space_exploration)
1959 Soviet uncrewed space mission to impact the surface of the Moon
sixth of the Soviet Union's Luna programme spacecraft launched to the Moon, E-1 No.7. It was the first spacecraft to touch the surface of the Moon, and the
Luna_2
Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
programs, to board the LK lunar lander design from the Soyuz 7K-LOK. The US similarly completed its first docking of two crewed spacecraft with Apollo 9 two
Soyuz_4
Moon landing Timeline of Solar System exploration Tourism on the Moon Spacecraft was in lunar orbit but is assumed to have decayed from orbit and crashed
List of artificial objects on the Moon
List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon
Photograph of Earth by Reid Wiseman
photograph of Earth taken by NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman aboard the Orion spacecraft during the Artemis II mission, published on April 3, 2026. The photo shows
Hello,_World_(photograph)
Aircraft configuration utilizing two main fuselages
dedicated re-usable large mothership, capable of carrying and launching a spacecraft, has gained interest. The twin fuselage configuration offers the advantage
Twin-fuselage_aircraft
1965 Soviet moon probe
Zond spacecraft designed for crewed circumlunar missions (Soyuz 7K-L1). It is believed that Zond 3 was initially designed as a companion spacecraft to Zond
Zond_3
First version of the Soyuz launch vehicle
low Earth orbit tests of the LK lunar lander (three flights) and Soyuz-M built for a quickly abandoned military spacecraft and used for reconnaissance
Soyuz_(rocket)
Third mission of the Discovery program; polar orbital reconnaissance of the Moon
Lunar Prospector was a spacecraft that orbited the Moon for 19 months in 1998-99. From a low polar orbit, it mapped surface composition including lunar
Lunar_Prospector
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
satellite built by Swales, the first being the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft, which continues to orbit Earth. Swales was also responsible for designing
THEMIS
Series of United States uncrewed lunar and planetary space probes (1958-60; 1965-92)
attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate
Pioneer_program
Lunar research program (2004–present)
program encompasses lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return spacecraft, launched using the Long March series of rockets. A human lunar landing
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Proposed NASA lunar probe
propellant tanks to allow the spacecraft to hover and laterally move over the lunar surface An uncrewed cargo spacecraft, providing supplies and materials
Prospector_(spacecraft)
2019 Chinese lunar lander & rover
robotic spacecraft mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of the CNSA. It made a soft landing on the far side of the Moon, the first spacecraft to
Chang'e_4
Indian lunar mission (2008–2009)
The mission consisted of an orbiter and an impactor. ISRO launched the spacecraft using a PSLV-XL (C-11) rocket on 22 October 2008 at 00:52 UTC from Satish
Chandrayaan-1
1962 American unmanned space flight intended to study the Moon
Ranger 4 was a spacecraft of the Ranger program, launched in 1962. It was designed to transmit pictures of the lunar surface to Earth stations during a
Ranger_4
American space program to study Jupiter (1989–2003)
bodies. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, the Galileo spacecraft consisted of an orbiter and an atmospheric entry probe. It was delivered
Galileo_project
Israeli organization working on landing a spacecraft on the moon
2011, that competed in the Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP) contest to land a spacecraft on the Moon by private organization. SpaceIL successfully launched its
SpaceIL
Astronauts from NASA's Apollo program
Apollo Spacecraft Program. Frank F. Borman II – Commander of Gemini 7, selected to command a higher Earth orbit test of the complete Apollo spacecraft. But
List_of_Apollo_astronauts
Robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon by the Soviet Union (1958–1976)
"Moon"), sometimes called Lunik by western media, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. The
Luna_programme
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
the first measurement of the speed of light. In 1979, the two Voyager spacecraft revealed Io to be a geologically active world, with numerous volcanic
Io_(moon)
1969 Soviet space probe
Apollo 11 spacecraft. On 21 July 1969, while Apollo 11 astronauts finished the first human moonwalk, Luna 15, a robotic Soviet spacecraft in lunar orbit
Luna_15
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
2026 or 2027 to target the lunar south pole. Like its predecessors, the spacecraft is named after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e. The mission will include
Chang'e_7
NASA orbiter mission to the Moon (1966)
1966 Lunar Orbiter 1 robotic spacecraft mission, part of NASA's Lunar Orbiter program, was the first American spacecraft to orbit the Moon. It was designed
Lunar_Orbiter_1
1970 Soviet test spaceflight to the Moon
8, also known as L-1 No.14, was the last in the series of circumlunar spacecraft, a member of the Soviet Zond program, designed to rehearse a piloted circumlunar
Zond_8
Lunar landing mission by Japanese ispace
400,000 kilometres (870,000 mi), it is the furthest a privately funded spacecraft has traveled. Communication with the lander was lost during the final
Hakuto-R_Mission_1
Japanese lunar lander (2023–2024)
exceeding that of earlier missions. Although the landing was successful, the spacecraft came to rest on its side, leaving its solar panels oriented away from
Smart Lander for Investigating Moon
Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon
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LK SPACECRAFT
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