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Basic musical interval
music theory, a semitone (also called a half step or half tone) is one of the two parts into which a whole tone is divided. Semitones are the smallest
Semitone
Difference in pitch between two notes
as scale steps. The smallest of these intervals is a semitone. Intervals smaller than a semitone are called microtones. They can be formed using the notes
Interval_(music)
Interval 21:20, about 84.47 cents
septimal chromatic semitone or minor semitone is the interval 21:20 (Play). It is about 84.47 cents. The septimal chromatic semitone may be derived from
Septimal_chromatic_semitone
Musical interval
fifth are one chromatic semitone narrower and wider than the perfect fifth respectively. The perfect fifth spans seven semitones in equal temperament. For
Perfect_fifth
Musical interval unit
musical intervals. Twelve-tone equal temperament divides the octave into 12 semitones of 100 cents each. Typically, cents are used to express small intervals
Cent_(music)
Every octave is made of twelve steps called semitones. A jump from the lowest semitone to the highest semitone in one octave doubles the frequency (for example
Piano_key_frequencies
Musical interval encompassing three half steps
minor third is a musical interval that encompasses three half steps, or semitones. Staff notation represents the minor third as encompassing three staff
Minor_third
Most common pitches in a piece of music
tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, semitone. An ascending minor scale instead uses the pattern tone, semitone, tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone,
Key_(music)
Musical interval
scale or an interval about half as wide (aurally, or logarithmically) as a semitone, which itself is half a whole tone. Quarter tones divide the octave by
Quarter_tone
Musical interval
is minor because it is the smaller of the two sevenths, spanning ten semitones. The major seventh spans eleven. For example, the interval from A3 to
Minor_seventh
Method of tuning a musical instrument
can be defined for each interval type – twelve unisons, twelve semitones, twelve 2-semitone intervals, etc. As explained above, one of the twelve fifths
Pythagorean_tuning
Musical interval
(sometimes also called whole tone or a whole step) is a second spanning two semitones (Play). A second is a musical interval encompassing two adjacent staff
Major_second
Musical interval
two. The major seventh spans eleven semitones, its smaller counterpart being the minor seventh, spanning ten semitones. For example, the interval from C
Major_seventh
Musical interval
septimal diatonic semitone (or major diatonic semitone) is the interval 15:14 Play. It is about 119.44 cents. The septimal diatonic semitone may be derived
Septimal_diatonic_semitone
Musical interval
the tritone divides the octave (which is 12 semitones or 1200 cents) exactly in half, making it six semitones, or 600 cents. In traditional functional harmony
Tritone
Note which resolves a semitone
active tone) is a note or pitch which resolves or "tends" to a note one semitone higher or lower, being an ascending and descending tendency tone respectively
Tendency_tone
Ascending or descending sequence of musical tones
obviously, 0 semitones from the tonic (and therefore coincides with it), the second is 2 semitones from the tonic, the third is 4 semitones from the tonic
Scale_(music)
Musical modes with repeating intervals
seventh mode contains the intervals semitone, semitone, semitone, tone, semitone, semitone, semitone, semitone, tone, semitone – it has six transpositions, like
Mode_of_limited_transposition
Musical scale set of twelve pitches
within an octave, where the interval between any two adjacent notes is a semitone. The chromatic scale is a common layout of pitches for fixed-pitch instruments
Chromatic_scale
Musical tuning system
exactly equal semitones. The 12-note chromatic scale employs a semitone ratio equal to the 12th root of 2 (212 ≈ 1.05946). Equalizing the semitones in this
Equal_temperament
Musical interval
Western culture, and a perfect fourth (Play) is the fourth spanning five semitones (half steps, or half tones). For example, the ascending interval from
Perfect_fourth
Scale with six pitches
Help:Score. The two-semitone tritone scale, C D♭ D F♯ G A♭, is a symmetric scale consisting of a repeated pattern of two semitones followed by a major
Hexatonic_scale
Symbol indicating one semitone higher
indicates that the note to which the symbol is applied is played one chromatic semitone higher. The opposite of sharp is flat, indicating a lowering of pitch.
Sharp_(music)
Algebraic irrational number
equal-tempered semitone (for example, a minor third is 3 semitones, a major third is 4 semitones, and a perfect fifth is 7 semitones). Semitones are divided
Twelfth_root_of_two
Interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency
pitch class, meaning that G♮ to G♯ (13 semitones higher) is an augmented octave (A8), and G♮ to G♭ (11 semitones higher) is a diminished octave (d8). The
Octave
British mathematician (born 1945)
Peter met through a local Quaker Meeting. Peter Eccles is also co-owner at Semitone Studios in Marple, along with folk singer/songwriter, Taylor Giacoma. Eccles
Peter_Eccles_(mathematician)
Musical interval
four semitones, whereas the minor third only spans three. For example, the interval from C to E is a major third, as the note E lies four semitones above
Major_third
Use in music of microtones (intervals smaller than a semitone)
Microtonality is the use in music of microtones — intervals smaller than a semitone, also called "microintervals". It may also be extended to include any music
Microtonality
Small interval between musical notes
531441⁄524288 ≈ 1.01364, or about 23.46 cents, roughly a quarter of a semitone (in between 75:74 and 74:73). The comma that musical temperaments often
Pythagorean_comma
Chord that contains the interval of an augmented sixth
a dominant chord. This movement to the dominant is heightened by the semitonal resolution to from above and below (from ♭ and ♯); essentially, these
Augmented_sixth_chord
Musical note not in the current key signature
by a semitone and a flat lowers it by a semitone. Double flats () or sharps () may also be used, altering the unmodified note by two semitones. If a
Accidental_(music)
Musical interval
spans eight semitones, the major sixth nine. For example, the interval from A to F is a minor sixth, as the note F lies eight semitones above A, and
Minor_sixth
Musical interval of 9 semitones
of the two. The major sixth spans nine semitones. Its smaller counterpart, the minor sixth, spans eight semitones. For example, the interval from C up to
Major_sixth
Symbol indicating one semitone lower
indicates that the note to which it is applied is played one chromatic semitone lower. The opposite of flat is sharp, indicating a raising of pitch. The
Flat_(music)
Musical instrument of the free-reed aerophone family
player greater flexibility. In semitone-apart systems, moving in from the outside the keyboard, each row is pitched a semitone higher than its neighbour.
Diatonic_button_accordion
Form of song
(a collection of four continuous notes) that descend by two tones and a semitone, the Enchiriadis writings base their tone-system on a tetrachord that corresponds
Gregorian_chant
Musical interval
narrowing a minor third by a chromatic semitone. For instance, the interval from A to C is a minor third, three semitones wide, and both the intervals from
Diminished_third
Musical interval
interval created by widening a major second by a chromatic semitone, spanning three semitones and enharmonically equivalent to a minor third in 12-tone
Augmented_second
Class of music scales with seven notes
scale that includes five whole steps (whole tones) and two half steps (semitones) in each octave, in which the two half steps are separated from each other
Diatonic_scale
Musical interval
a chromatic semitone, and its inversion is the augmented second. For instance, the interval from A to G is a minor seventh, ten semitones wide, and both
Diminished_seventh
Musical interval
octave is the sum of a perfect octave and an augmented unison or chromatic semitone. It is the interval between two notes, with the same note letter on staff
Augmented_octave
Musical interval
Despite its name, a semiditone (3 semitones, or about 300 cents) can hardly be viewed as half of a ditone (4 semitones, or about 400 cents). The table shows
Pythagorean_interval
Musical scale
from the natural minor scale, with the minor seventh degree raised by one semitone to a major seventh, creating an augmented second between the sixth and
Harmonic_minor_scale
Musical interval
widening a major sixth by a chromatic semitone. For instance, the interval from C to A is a major sixth, nine semitones wide in 12 tet, and both the intervals
Augmented_sixth
Musical scale with unusual steps
the Ionian mode by a semitone. lowering the second note and raising the third note of the harmonic minor scale by one semitone. raising the seventh of
Double_harmonic_scale
Musical technique
modern dot. A major or perfect interval that is widened by a chromatic semitone is an augmented interval, and the process may be called augmentation. A
Augmentation_(music)
Musical scale containing no semitones
anhemitonic. Hemitonic scales contain one or more semitones, while anhemitonic scales do not contain semitones. For example, in traditional Japanese music,
Anhemitonic_scale
Musical interval
a perfect fourth by a chromatic semitone. For example, the interval from C to F is a perfect fourth, five semitones wide, and both the intervals from
Diminished_fourth
Seven-tone musical scale
pattern of pitches comprising three whole tones, a semitone, two more whole tones, and a final semitone. Musical scores are temporarily disabled. Because
Lydian_mode
Musical interval
diatonic semitone is a ratio of 17:16, making it the seventeenth harmonic or partial. This is in contrast to the 5-limit major diatonic semitone of 16/15
Minor_diatonic_semitone
Three notes in intervals of a third
root being a diminished fifth (six semitones), perfect fifth (seven semitones), or augmented fifth (eight semitones). Perfect fifths are the most commonly
Triad_(music)
Very small interval arising from discrepancies in tuning
between semitones", min2 is the minor second (diatonic semitone), aug1 is the augmented unison (chromatic semitone), and S1, S2, S3, S4 are semitones as defined
Comma_(music)
Musical interval
and chromatic semitone. For instance, the interval from B to C is a diatonic semitone, the interval from B to B♯ is a chromatic semitone, and their difference
Diminished_second
Musical interval
chords because the eleventh conflicts with the third," in these chords by a semitone. Generally found in root position, the inversion of a complete thirteenth
Thirteenth_(interval)
Musical interval
third (Play) is an interval of five semitones. It may be produced by widening a major third by a chromatic semitone. For instance, the interval from C
Augmented_third
Musical interval
widening a perfect fifth by a chromatic semitone. For instance, the interval from C to G is a perfect fifth, seven semitones wide, and both the intervals from
Augmented_fifth
Musical interval
major ninth is a compound musical interval spanning 14 semitones, or an octave plus 2 semitones. For instance, the interval between C4 and D5 (in scientific
Ninth_(interval)
Musical compound interval
diminished. A major tenth is a compound interval spanning 16 semitones, or 4 semitones above an octave. For example, the interval between C4 and E5 (in
Tenth_(interval)
Musical mode
fourth species of perfect fifth (tone–tone–semitone–tone) plus a third species of perfect fourth (tone–tone–semitone): C D E F G + G A B C. This octave species
Ionian_mode
Musical interval
a 10:9 interval (lesser tone), obtaining a just major third (5:4) and semitone (16:15). This was later revised by Ptolemy (swapping the two tones) in
Syntonic_comma
advantage of the temperament. When added to the 15:14 semitone, the 21:20 semitone and 28:27 semitone produce the 9:8 tone (major tone) and 10:9 tone (minor
Septimal_third_tone
Musical parts sounding at the same pitch
v t e Intervals Twelve- semitone (post-Bach Western) (Numbers in brackets are the number of semitones in the interval.) Perfect unison (0) fourth (5)
Unison
Musical scale
note of F Harmonic Major is raised a semitone to F♯, and the root note of D Aeolian Dominant lowered a semitone to D♭. There is also a ♮6 with the D♭
Romanian_major_scale
Dissonant musical interval
of temperament, one of the twelve intervals apparently spanning seven semitones is actually a diminished sixth, which turns out to be much wider than
Wolf_interval
Chords used in jazz music
semitones above the root ♭6 = minor sixth = 8 semitones above the root 6 = major sixth = 9 semitones above the root 7 = minor seventh = 10 semitones above
Jazz_chord
Note sung or played at a slightly different pitch than standard
from standard. Typically the alteration is between a quartertone and a semitone, but this varies depending on the musical context. Like the blues in general
Blue_note
Musical tuning system
Equal temperament is the most widely used tuning standard. It renders all semitones the same size, making them meantones. Their ratio is 12√2 :1, equal to
Meantone_temperament
Bar across the neck of stringed instruments
guitars, each fret represents one semitone in the standard western system, in which one octave is divided into twelve semitones. Fret is often used as a verb
Fret
Quartet (1920) and his last was the 16th Quartet from 1967. Note that 'semitone' refers to the usual 12-tET scale, 'quarter-tone' refers to 24-tET, '5th-tone'
List of compositions by Alois Hába
List_of_compositions_by_Alois_Hába
Musical interval
to an entire semitone instead of tempering it out, as six minor thirds are equal to 18 semitones, while a perfect twelfth is 19 semitones. The same is
Kleisma
Measurement scale based on orders of magnitude
in electronics (decade, octave) and for music pitch intervals (octave, semitone, cent, etc.). Other logarithmic scale units include the Richter magnitude
Logarithmic_scale
diatonic semitone, large just semitone or major second, major semitone, limma, minor diatonic semitone, diatonic second semitone, diatonic semitone, 1⁄6-comma
List_of_pitch_intervals
Musical scale
majeure-mineure)" (Study of the Succession of Alternating Whole Tones and Semitones (and of the so-called Major-Minor Scale)) from c. 1879, which preceded
Octatonic_scale
Operation in music
the same tone structure, i.e. the same succession of whole tones and semitones and remaining melodic intervals. — Musikalisches Lexicon, 879 (1865),
Transposition_(music)
Collection of ideas in music theory
major and E minor triads are close by virtue of requiring only a single semitonal shift to move from one to the other. Motion between proximate harmonies
Neo-Riemannian_theory
Major chord in music theory
root position contains the notes E, G♯, and B. By lowering the G♯ by a semitone to G and raising the B to C, the Neapolitan sixth chord E–G–C is formed
Neapolitan_chord
Relationship among tones of the chromatic scale
tone and makes the frequency ratio of the chromatic semitone the same as that of the diatonic semitone. The standard tempered fifth has a frequency ratio
Circle_of_fifths
Stringed musical instrument
are spaced at semitone intervals, as are those on most fretted instruments. The piano-like note markers on the fretboard reflect a semitone string tuning
StarrBoard
Representation of isolatable musical sound
double-sharp symbol () to raise the pitch by two semitones, the double-flat symbol () to lower it by two semitones, and even more advanced accidental symbols
Musical_note
Sketch of a keyboard composition
A partimento (from the Italian: partimento, plural partimenti) is a sketch (often a bass line), written out on a single staff, whose main purpose is to
Partimento
Musical interval of ten diatonic steps
plus a fourth. A perfect eleventh spans 17 and the augmented eleventh 18 semitones, or 10 steps in a diatonic scale. For instance, the interval between C4
Eleventh_(interval)
Brass instrument
whole step (two semitones), the second valve by a half step (one semitone), and the third valve by one and a half steps (three semitones). These three valves
Trumpet
Musical interval
(Play) is an interval produced by narrowing a perfect octave by a chromatic semitone. As such, the two notes are denoted by the same letter but have different
Diminished_octave
American guitarist
choice of tunings as "basically a drop G# but with top two strings one semitone higher than normal tunings, giving all fourths on top 5 strings. Mushok
Mike_Mushok
Musical interval
v t e Intervals Twelve- semitone (post-Bach Western) (Numbers in brackets are the number of semitones in the interval.) Perfect unison (0) fourth (5)
Schisma
Ratio of two consecutive integers
Just diatonic semitone on C: 16/15 = 15 + 1/15 = 1 + 1/15 Play
Superparticular_ratio
Terms in music theory to characterize scales
the chromatic scale in 12-tone equal temperament, which consists of all semitones. Historically, however, it had other senses, referring in Ancient Greek
Diatonic_and_chromatic
Musical concepts
intervals between notes, which may be larger or smaller depending on how many semitones (half-steps) they contain. Chords and scales are described as major or
Major_and_minor
Distinct pitch classes sounding the same
twelve equal half-steps, or semitones; each half-step is both a chromatic semitone (a sharp or a flat) and a diatonic semitone (a minor step between two
Enharmonic_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
interval Major third, a third spanning four semitones Minor third, a third encompassing three half steps, or semitones Neutral third, wider than a minor third
Third
Musical interval
1/ 3 Pythagorean comma. The harmonic seventh note is about 1/ 3 semitone ( ≈ 31 cents ) flatter than an equal-tempered minor seventh. When this
Harmonic_seventh
Musical scale comprising seven notes
tone has twice the sound frequency ratio of a semitone and an octave has twelve half steps (semitones) spaced equally. The sound frequency doubles for
Major_scale
Interval in classical music
v t e Intervals Twelve- semitone (post-Bach Western) (Numbers in brackets are the number of semitones in the interval.) Perfect unison (0) fourth (5)
Diesis
Specification of precise musical pitch
440 Hz concert A, or A4, or a′ . Multiplying it by 12 gives the number of semitones above 440 Hz (the value is negative if the frequency f is lower in pitch
MIDI_tuning_standard
Ten note musical scale
four-semitone tritone scale (set 10-6) is a decatonic scale consisting of four semitones, a whole tone, four semitones, and a whole tone (four semitones a
Decatonic_scale
Musical interval
a major seventh by a chromatic semitone. For instance, the interval from C up to B is a major seventh, eleven semitones wide, and both the intervals from
Augmented_seventh
by a semitone. Also an adjective to describe a singer or musician performing a note in which the intonation is an eighth or a quarter of a semitone too
Glossary_of_music_terminology
v t e Intervals Twelve- semitone (post-Bach Western) (Numbers in brackets are the number of semitones in the interval.) Perfect unison (0) fourth (5)
Subminor_and_supermajor
Major and minor scales with same key signature
minor scale. The minor key starts three semitones below its relative major; for example, A minor is three semitones below its relative, C major. The relative
Relative_key
Musical interval
syntonic comma, as well as the difference between the greater chromatic semitone (135:128 = 92.18 cents) and the just minor second (16:15 = 111.73 cents)
Diaschisma
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