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Alloy of nickel and iron with low coefficient of thermal expansion
Invar, also known generically as FeNi36 (64FeNi in the US), is a nickel–iron alloy notable for its uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE
Invar
Swedish businessman (1926–2018)
Feodor Ingvar Kamprad (Swedish: [ˈɪ̌ŋːvar ˈkǎmːprad] ; 30 March 1926 – 27 January 2018) was a Swedish billionaire businessman who founded IKEA in 1943
Ingvar_Kamprad
Swiss physicist (1861–1938)
discovery of nickel–steel alloys he named invar, elinvar and platinite [it], also known as red platinum. Invar has a near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion
Charles-Édouard_Guillaume
Watch resistant to magnetic fluctuations
alloys chosen to be insensitive to magnetic fields. These alloys include Invar (iron–nickel–carbon–chromium alloy), Glucydur (beryllium–bronze alloy),
Antimagnetic_watch
Group of alloys
maraging steel and some low-alloy steels. Other technological uses include Invar and Mu-metal. The following table is an overview of different iron–nickel
Iron–nickel_alloy
Mechanism for regulating the speed of clocks
pendulum rods in the highest precision clocks and other instruments, first invar, a nickel steel alloy, and later fused quartz, which made temperature compensation
Pendulum
Linguistic phenomenon in French
m. pl.) hache-fourrage (n. m. invar.) hache-légumes (n. m. invar.) hache-maïs (n. m. invar.) hache-paille (n. m. invar.) hacher (v. tr.) hachereau, -eaux
Aspirated_h
2001 Chinese main battle tank
Type 99 can fire tandem shaped charged GP125 ATGMs similar to the Russian Invar with a range of up to 5 kilometres. The 9M119 ATGMs were approved for domestic
Type_99_tank
Negative Thermal Expansion Alloy
temperature fluctuations. Compared to traditional low-CTE materials like Invar, potential advantages include mass savings, non-magnetic properties, and
ALLVAR_Alloy_30
NASA/ESA space telescope launched in 1990
corrector was to have been done by laser measurements off the end of an invar bar. Instead of illuminating the end of the bar, however, the laser in fact
Hubble_Space_Telescope
Ferronickel Ferrophosphorus Ferrosilicon Ferrotitanium Ferrouranium Ferrovanadium Invar (nickel) Cast iron (carbon) Pig iron (carbon) Iron hydride (hydrogen) Kanthal
List_of_named_alloys
Smoothbore tank gun
Ainet Anti Personnel Canister, 3OF26M HE-FRAG-FS and laser guided 3UBK20 Invar, along with more sophisticated connections for 1A33-4 FCS. 2A46M-5 (1999):
2A46_125_mm_gun
Two-sided strip that coils when heated or cooled
copper Steel and brass Invar (a nickel–iron alloy) and brass Typical coefficients of linear thermal expansion (×10⁻⁶ /K): Invar: 1–2 Steel (mild steel):
Bimetallic_strip
Chemical element with atomic number 28 (Ni)
on plumbing fixtures, and special alloys such as permalloy, elinvar, and invar. It is used for plating and as a green tint in glass. Nickel is preeminently
Nickel
Tool for angle measurement
reflect sunlight and remain relatively cool. High-precision sextants have an invar (a special low-expansion steel) frame and arc. Some scientific sextants
Sextant
23 August 2013. TNN (19 October 2012). "Govt nod for purchase of 25,000 Invar, air-launched version of BrahMos missiles". The Times of India. Archived
List of equipment of the Indian Army
List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army
Gun-launched anti-tank missile
public sector company under Department of Defence Production, for supplying Invar Anti Tank Guided Missiles to the Indian Army. BDL has been manufacturing
9M119_Svir/Refleks
Overview of T-80 main battle tank models
turbine engine. It has the 9K119 system which allows it to fire 9M119M Invar (AT-11B Sniper) ATGM using the tank's barrel. It also had several pintle
T-80_models
Indian Defense Company
Imaging's cooled, longwave Infrared (LWIR) thermal imagers known as Sarisa. Invar Invar is a weapon fired from the gun barrel of a T-90 Tank. The missile has
Bharat_Dynamics_Limited
Si-glass Si-LTCC Si-glass-PZT ceramics Metal-glass (Al, Cu, Kovar, Mo, Ni, Invar, ...) Temperature Si-glass: > 250 °C Si-Si (w. intermediate glass layer):
Anodic_bonding
Research of materials
Broido, D.; Fultz, B. (2023-07-27). "A thermodynamic explanation of the Invar effect". Nature Physics. 19 (11): 1642–1648. Bibcode:2023NatPh..19.1642L
Materials_science
Nickel–cobalt ferrous alloy
particular thermal expansion properties. The related particular Fe–Ni alloy Invar exhibits minimum thermal expansion. Given in percentages of weight. USPTO
Kovar
is such that better-quality instruments have measuring scales made from Invar to avoid misreadings due to thermal effects. The instrument comprises a
Traveling_microscope
Gas discharge lamp that produces intense white light
the tungsten electrodes are welded to strips of pure molybdenum metal or Invar alloy, which are then melted into the quartz to form the envelope seal.
Xenon_arc_lamp
Intergovernmental organisation
international geodetic measurements as Charles Édouard Guillaume's discovery of invar, an especially temperature-stable nickel-iron alloy, minimised the impact
International Bureau of Weights and Measures
International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures
Vacuum tube used to display images
current. The shadow mask is usually made of steel but it can be made of Invar (a low-thermal expansion Nickel-Iron alloy) as it withstands two to three
Cathode_ray_tube
Flexible ruler used to measure size or distance
accuracy. Due to this, measuring tapes used for surveying may be made out of invar because of its low rate of thermal expansion. Fiberglass sewing tape 50
Tape_measure
Tank ship transporting liquefied natural gas
consists of a primary and secondary thin membrane made of the material Invar which has almost no thermal contraction. The insulation is made out of plywood
LNG_carrier
Russian main battle tank
service. The gun is capable of firing new guided missiles like the 9M119M1 Invar-M which has an effective range of 100 m to 5 km, and can engage low-flying
T-14_Armata
Time measuring device
Charles Édouard Guillaume won a Nobel prize for the 1896 invention of Invar, a nickel steel alloy with very low thermal expansion, and Elinvar (from
Balance_wheel
Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
changes in physical dimension over a range of temperatures. One of these is Invar 36, with expansion approximately equal to 0.6 × 10−6 K−1. These alloys are
Thermal_expansion
American actor (1931–1988)
Changeling" and "Space Seed" 1969 Johnny Lingo Johnny Lingo Short, none 1971 The Bold Ones Matthew NBC-TV movie 1971 The Cult Invar (final film role)
MaKee_K._Blaisdell
International metrological authority
possessing a calibration base, the circulation, in groups, of well-defined invar threads, with a view to enabling agreement to be reached on the method of
General Conference on Weights and Measures
General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures
1972 American film
religious cult, Invar, who coerces a group of women into committing murders via coercion, beatings, and sexual games. MaKee Blaisdell as Invar Debbie Osborne
The_Manson_Massacre
Electrical connection consisting of a length of wire or a metal pad
the pins, if any, formed from that lead frame) are occasionally made from Invar or similar alloys, due to their low coefficient of thermal expansion. For
Lead_(electronics)
Metal alloy
same electronic structure transition is believed to be a causal factor in Invar behaviour. Glossary of meteoritics D.G. Rancourt and R.B. Scorzelli. Low
Antitaenite
beginnings to an IT company called Invar & Biuro System SA, which was set up in 2000 (following a merger of INVAR SYSTEM SA and a listed company ZTB BIUROSYSTEM
Calatrava_Capital
obsolete by the discovery of low-thermal-coefficient alloys invar and elinvar. A balance wheel of invar with a spring of elinvar was almost unaffected by temperature
History_of_watches
Material made from a combination of two or more unlike substances
different materials. Tooling materials include aluminium, carbon fibre, invar, nickel, reinforced silicone rubber and steel. The tooling material selection
Composite_material
Clock regulated by a pendulum
pendulums made of ultra-low-expansion materials such as the nickel steel alloy Invar or fused silica, which required very little compensation for the effects
Pendulum_clock
English clockmaker (1693–1776)
ignore the fact that this clock uses materials such as duraluminium and invar unavailable to Harrison, had it been built in 1762, the date of Harrison's
John_Harrison
Low-friction linear actuator
optical lenses and mirrors. Instrument screw shafts are generally made of Invar, to prevent temperature from changing tolerances too much. Ball screws are
Ball_screw
Chemical compound
Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on nickel steel alloys which he called invar and elinvar. NiO is a commonly used hole transport material in thin film
Nickel(II)_oxide
Metal sheet with hundreds of thousands of holes, used in CRTs to correctly align colors
photochemical machining process. It starts out with a sheet of steel or invar alloy that is coated with photoresist, which is baked to solidify it, exposed
Shadow_mask
1939–1974 British state-owned airline
Airways. On 22 April 1940, Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra G-AKFD Loch Invar crashed 10 miles off course at Beinn Uird, near Loch Lomond, Scotland, killing
British Overseas Airways Corporation
British_Overseas_Airways_Corporation
Time-telling device
pattern, built a couple of meters wide out of temperature-invariant steel invar, was used to keep the trains running on time in France before World War
Sundial
Ship designed to transport liquefied chemical gases in bulk
Membrane systems consist of a thin membrane (usually stainless steel or Invar) supported by insulation directly attached to the ship’s inner hull. These
Gas_carrier
Nickel–iron–chromium alloy
invented by Charles Édouard Guillaume, a Swiss physicist who also invented Invar, another alloy of nickel and iron with very low thermal expansion. Guillaume
Elinvar
Science of determining the positions of points and the distances and angles between them
known length such as a Gunter's chain, or measuring tapes made of steel or invar. To measure horizontal distances, these chains or tapes were pulled taut
Surveying
1887 investigation of the speed of light
eliminate magnetostriction, while Michelson built one of non-expanding Invar to eliminate any remaining thermal effects. Other experimenters from around
Michelson–Morley_experiment
German artist and art theorist (1921–1986)
and Eight Cologne Artists. B.o.s.s Druck und Medien, Bedburg-Hau. p.25. Invar Hollaus, "Heerich, Erwin". In Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon, vol. 71 (2011)
Joseph_Beuys
August 2010. Guillaume, Charles-Édouard (11 December 1920). "Nobel lecture: Invar and Elinvar". NobelPrize.org. p. 445. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Comptes rendus
History_of_the_metre
Spanish marquis, general, and geodesist (1825–1891)
were elaborately computed by the method of least-squares. Indeed, before invar's discovery, geodesists tried to assess temperature effect on measuring devices
Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero
Carlos_Ibáñez_e_Ibáñez_de_Ibero
Main battle tank
improved aiming time. 9K119M Refleks-M system is used to launch 9M119M Invar (also called Reflex-M) ATGM through gun barrel. New PK-PAN panoramic commander
T-72_operators_and_variants
American physicist (1852–1931)
of painstaking measurement of the baseline using the recently available invar tapes. With the baseline length established in 1924, measurements were carried
Albert_A._Michelson
Loch In Scotland
Cameron. On 22 April 1940, a BOAC Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra (Loch Invar, registration G-AFKD) aircraft flying from Perth Airport to Heston Aerodrome
Loch_Lomond
Konkurs Malyutka Fagot Kornet MILAN MILAN 2T LAHAT Spiral Sniper CLGM 3UBK-Invar MPATGM** ENTAC Torpedoes Shyena SMART ASM AEG-SUT Mod-1 A244-S 53-65 torpedo
List_of_missiles
American spy satellite program
better than 60 nm rms low coefficient of thermal expansion composite and invar structure combined mass of 1,700 kilograms (3,700 lb) for the telescope
Future_Imagery_Architecture
metals to be thermally coupled more tightly. In 1895, the invention of invar, an alloy made from iron and nickel that expands very little, largely eliminated
History of timekeeping devices
History_of_timekeeping_devices
Process of purifying metal ingots
steels UT-18 HP 9-4-30 Titanium Ti-6Al-4V Ti-10V-2Al-3Fe Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr Invar Nitinol Nickel superalloys Inconel alloys Hastelloy alloys Rene alloys RR1000
Vacuum_arc_remelting
American corporation focused on life science research
corrector was to have been done by laser measurements off the end of an invar bar. Instead of illuminating the end of the bar, however, the laser in fact
PerkinElmer
measuring rod, which was used to calibrate 24-meter long invar-wire. Standard baselines length is invar-wire multiplied by 36, which is 864 meters. Measured
Nummela_Standard_Baseline
High-performance cobalt alloy
high-temperature alloys Inconel – Austenitic nickel-chromium superalloys Invar – Alloy of nickel and iron with low coefficient of thermal expansion Monel –
Havar_(alloy)
Mechanism for regulating the speed of clocks
"master" pendulum—whose rod is made from a special steel-nickel alloy ( Invar) and whose length changes very little with temperature—swings as free of
Escapement
Venezuelan scientist (1924–1999)
small increments (utilizing the very low thermal expansion coefficient of Invar) past the stationary diamond knife that sectioning thicknesses of several
Humberto_Fernández-Morán
Military equipment
10AK, CS = center sweep.[citation needed] inner magnetic cover made of Invar, which is an iron-nickel-carbon-chromium alloy[citation needed] produced
US_military_watches
Instrument that records seismic waves by measuring ground motions
instruments are constructed from low expansion materials such as nonmagnetic invar. The hinges on a seismograph are usually patented, and by the time the patent
Seismometer
Limited gamut color television
newer phosphors. Problems with doming were addressed through the use of invar shadow masks that were mechanically robust and attached to the tube using
Penetron
1930s American family of airliners
eight of nine on board. On April 22, 1940, a BOAC L14-WF62 (G-AFKD, Loch Invar) crashed near Loch Lomond, Scotland while being ferried from Perth International
Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra
Representative body of the UK horological industry
who introduced Greenwich pips. 1930 Charles Édouard Guillaume - developed Invar and Elinvar 1931 William Hamilton Shortt (1881-1971) - noted horologist
British_Horological_Institute
American aerospace and defense firm (1990–2015)
primarily of lightweight graphite, but numerous other materials including invar, titanium, and other composite materials were used. ATK produces Graphite
Alliant_Techsystems
1791–1853 geodetic survey of Britain
Morayshire, was selected. The length of the base (measured using the new invar steel tapes) was found to correspond satisfactorily with the previous value
Principal Triangulation of Great Britain
Principal_Triangulation_of_Great_Britain
Locality in Geneva, Switzerland
made from various iron and nickel alloys more stable than bronze, such as invar and platinite. From 1870 onwards, under the leadership of Théodore Turrettini
Plainpalais
Swiss company
alloys". Magnetic Alloys for Technical Applications. Soft Magnetic Alloys, Invar and Elinvar Alloys. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol
Nivarox
Archaic rapid surveying method
rod, usually of a material insensitive to change in temperature such as invar, of fixed length (typically 2 metres (6.6 ft)). The subtense bar is mounted
Tacheometry
Type of sensor
materials include chrome on glass, metal (stainless steel, gold plated steel, Invar), ceramics (Zerodur) and plastics. The scale may be self-supporting, thermally
Linear_encoder
Archaic type of decked commercial sailing vessel
Larousse Illustrée (1934) gives the following definition: CHASSE-MARéE n: m: invar: Bâtiment côtier à trois mâts. Voiture, voiturier qui apporte la marée.
Chasse-marée
Mechanical escapement for pendulum clocks
first clocks to use a pendulum rod made of the low thermal expansion alloy invar, to prevent the pendulum from changing length with temperature changes,
Riefler_escapement
Swiss engineer (1884-1966)
the University of Geneva, in 1929, after conducting original research on invar, a nickel-iron alloy with industrial applications. Butticaz worked as an
Cécile_Butticaz
Kamel Bahaaeldin Egypt 1991 N. Gendenjamts Mongolia Boubacar Camara Senegal 1993 Chryssa Tzoumaka-Bakoula Greece 1995 Deryaev Invar Turkmenistan
List of Ihsan Doğramacı Family Health Foundation Prize recipients
List_of_Ihsan_Doğramacı_Family_Health_Foundation_Prize_recipients
Pendulum mechanism that adjusts with temperature
regulator clocks used pendulum rods of low thermal expansion materials such as invar and fused quartz. All substances expand with an increase in temperature
Gridiron_pendulum
1893 official standardization for metre-based systems of measurement in the USA
Retrieved May 8, 2021. Barbrow & Judson 1976, p. 16. "Fischer Transverse Invar Beam Comparator". National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Mendenhall_Order
Geodetic survey from 1792 to 1798
measurement of geodetic bases thanks to Charles Édouard Guillaume's discovery of invar, an alloy of nickel and iron with a coefficient of thermal expansion close
Arc measurement of Delambre and Méchain
Arc_measurement_of_Delambre_and_Méchain
Precision electromechanical pendulum clock
The primary pendulum rod and its 14-pound weight were made of the alloy invar to reduce thermal expansion and contraction of the pendulum that would otherwise
Shortt–Synchronome_clock
instruments – Ancillary devices for geodetic instruments ISO 12858-1:2014 Part 1: Invar levelling staffs ISO 12858-2:1999 Part 2: Tripods ISO 12858-3:2005 Part
List of ISO standards 12000–13999
List_of_ISO_standards_12000–13999
1875 international standardization treaty
work led to the discovery of special alloys of iron–nickel, in particular invar, whose practically negligible coefficient of expansion made it possible
Metre_Convention
65 Ag65Cu28Mn5Ni2 Ag–Cu 750/850 – Braze 655. For alloys like kovar and invar to copper, for vacuum tubes. As rubbing seals in jet engines. 28 65 5 2
List_of_brazing_alloys
subsidiary Jeumont Industrie. At some point near 2000, Imphy SA owned the Invar trademark. At some point, the organization may have been part of Usinor
Creusot-Loire
similar to boiling water in a pressure cooker. To prevent rupturing the thin Invar tank material, pressure is controlled by venting the natural gas evaporate
LNG_El_Paso_Sonatrach
series, titled Rocket Science, based on the novel was being developed by Invar Studios as of February 2019. Koshy, Jacob (2017-03-11). "Front seat on a
ISRO:_A_Personal_History
Swiss artist (born 1955)
der Schule, Vista Point, Cologne, 1986, with 24 illustrations and slides Invar Hollaus, "Huber, Thomas". In Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon, volume 75 (Berlin
Thomas_Huber_(artist)
Advanced astronomical clock
the correct period. Material selection is diligent: the pendulum rod is Invar, the impulse rods sapphire, and the movement is highly jeweled. The escape
Jens_Olsen's_World_Clock
The backplane is constructed out of graphite composite, titanium, and invar. Invar is an iron-nickel alloy with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE
OTE_Pathfinder
Type of signal processing filter
to be discovered with this property was Elinvar for which, together with Invar, Charles Edouard Guillaume received the Nobel Prize in 1920. The original
Mechanical_filter
acid diethylamide (LSD) by Albert Hofmann Nickel–steel alloys he named invar, elinvar and platinite [it] by Charles Édouard Guillaume Reichstein process
List of Swiss inventions and discoveries
List_of_Swiss_inventions_and_discoveries
Subsection of the James Webb Space Telescope
assembly is steady. The backplane assembly is made of graphite composite, invar, and titanium. The ADIR, Aft Deployable Infrared Radiator is a radiator
Optical_Telescope_Element
Disused railway tunnel in West Yorkshire, England
through the tunnel took place in 1963. In July 1969, an early prototype of an invar wire strainmeter was installed in Queensbury Tunnel as part of research
Queensbury_Tunnel
German artist
Frankfurt am Main and in 1995 the Anton Stankowski Prize in Stuttgart. Invar Hollaus, "Heerich, Erwin". In Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon, vol. 71 (2011)
Erwin_Heerich
Constituent scientific organization
international geodetic measurements as Charles Édouard Guillaume's discovery of invar minimized the impact of measurement inaccuracies due to temperature systematic
International Association of Geodesy
International_Association_of_Geodesy
123–134. Guillaume, Charles-Édouard (11 December 1920). "Nobel lecture: Invar and Elinvar". NobelPrize.org. p. 445. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Comptes rendus
Central European Arc Measurement
Central_European_Arc_Measurement
INVAR
INVAR
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from the rare medieval female personal name Eve, Eva (from Hebrew Chava, of uncertain origin). This was, according to the Book of Genesis, the name of the first woman, and in some cases the name may have been acquired by someone (invariably a man) who had played the part in a drama dealing with the Creation.
INVAR
INVAR
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Curtailed; Short; Companion of Prophet Muhammad
Boy/Male
Tamil
Victory
Surname or Lastname
French
French : unexplained.English : unexplained.Possibly a respelling of Menter, an unexplained name of German origin.
Boy/Male
Indian
Eminent, Exalted, High, Sublime, Similar
Girl/Female
Tamil
Rishmitha | ரிஷà¯à®®à®¿à®¤à®¾
Saintly
Boy/Male
Arabic
Lion; King of Jungle
Boy/Male
Hindu
Famous rishis name
Girl/Female
Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
Tied; Joined; Beauty
Girl/Female
Latin American English French Scottish
Beautiful.
Boy/Male
Hindu
King of gold
INVAR
INVAR
INVAR
INVAR
INVAR
adv.
Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to sometimes or occasionally.
n.
A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving only the coefficients of the quantic.
a.
Invariably attached to some word, stem, or root; as, the inseparable particle un-.
n.
That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable.
n.
The quality of being invariable; invariableness; constancy; uniformity.
a.
Not given to variation or change; unalterable; unchangeable; always uniform.
n.
The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that results follow by invariable sequence from causes, and esp. that the will is not free, but that human actions and choices result inevitably from motives; deteminism.
v. t.
Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, force, law, etc.
n.
A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste Comte, which deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated laws, which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into causes, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.
n.
An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations.
n.
A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family.
n.
The property of remaining invariable under prescribed or implied conditions.
n.
A church solemnity or ceremony celebrated at Rome, at stated intervals, originally of one hundred years, but latterly of twenty-five; a plenary and extraordinary indulgence grated by the sovereign pontiff to the universal church. One invariable condition of granting this indulgence is the confession of sins and receiving of the eucharist.
n.
A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only.
n.
An invariable quantity; a constant.
a.
Invariable.
n.
Simple succession, or the coming after in time, without asserting or implying causative energy; as, the reactions of chemical agents may be conceived as merely invariable sequences.