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Changing the sampling rate of a discrete signal
Sample-rate conversion, sampling-frequency conversion or resampling is the process of changing the sampling rate of a discrete signal to obtain a new discrete
Sample-rate_conversion
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-time signal to a discrete-time signal. A common example is the conversion of a sound wave to
Sampling_(signal_processing)
Common sampling frequency in digital audio
This sample rate has become the standard rate for professional audio. Until recently[when?], sample rate conversion between 44,100 Hz and 48,000 Hz was complicated
44,100_Hz
Resampling method
bandwidth reduction (filtering) and sample-rate reduction. When the process is performed on a sequence of samples of a signal or a continuous function
Downsampling (signal processing)
Downsampling_(signal_processing)
American audio technology company
creates and licenses audio DSP technology including noise reduction, sample rate conversion, dithering, time stretching, and audio enhancement to hardware and
IZotope
American professor of music and audio signal processing
for high-quality, time-varying sampling-rate conversion. This method has been widely adopted in commercial sample-rate converters and open-source software
Julius_Smith
Topics referred to by the same term
bitmap images Sample-rate conversion Downsampling Upsampling Oversampling Sampling (signal processing) Signal (information theory) Data conversion Interpolation
Resampling
Software library for Windows operating system
their own audio rendering engine in software. DirectSound provides sample rate conversion and sound mixing (volume and pan) for an unlimited number of audio
DirectSound
Changing the resolution of a digital image
two-dimensional example of sample-rate conversion, the conversion of a discrete signal from a sampling rate (in this case, the local sampling rate) to another. Image
Image_scaling
48 kHz, a common sampling rate
a common sampling rate. It has become the standard for professional audio and video. 48 kHz is evenly divisible by 24, a common frame rate for media
48,000_Hz
Obsolete Microsoft Windows audio APIs
Mixing multiple PCM audio streams Sample-rate conversion Speaker configuration Audio bit depth and audio channel conversion Audio volume control In Windows
Windows legacy audio components
Windows_legacy_audio_components
Windows service
shared or DirectSound latency, but CPU usage may increases, and sample rate conversion quality may decreases. This service has been implicated in poor
Multimedia Class Scheduler Service
Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service
Computer graphic effect
quantization is seen as pixelation. Aliasing: As a consequence of sampling or sample-rate conversion, energy from frequencies outside of the signal frequency band
Digital_artifact
Framework for Digital Signal Processing
filters Infinite impulse response filters Digital biquad filter Sample rate conversion Window function Goertzel algorithm Digital delay line Pseudorandom
KFRlib
Technology that records, stores, and reproduces sound
Sample-rate conversion, including upsampling and downsampling, may be used to change signals that have been encoded with a different sampling rate to
Digital_audio
1998 Microsoft operating system version
KMixer sample-rate conversion for capture streams, and multichannel audio support. All audio is sampled by the Kernel Mixer to a fixed sampling rate, which
Windows_98
API for rendering audio
implementations. It features: 32bit floating point audio path. High quality sample rate conversion (used for various purposes including Doppler shift). High quality
OpenAL
Topics referred to by the same term
the former research laboratory of Digital Equipment Corporation Sample rate conversion, a technique used in converting between different formats of digitized
SRC
Sound card
third-party software to handle the desired sample rate conversion to avoid using the EMU10K1's sample rate conversion. Sound Blaster Live! supports multi-speaker
Sound_Blaster_Live!
System that converts an analog signal into a digital signal
if the sampling rate is higher than twice the highest frequency of the signal. Since a practical ADC cannot make an instantaneous conversion, the input
Analog-to-digital_converter
Line of audio chips by Creative Technology
most powerful at its time of release, offering an extremely robust sample rate conversion (SRC) engine in addition to enhanced internal sound channel routing
E-mu_20K
API for audio software in macOS and iOS
file audio time stretching and pitch scaling (e.g., timestretch), sample rate conversion, and streaming over a local area network. It also comes with a set
Audio_Units
Standard for computer data connections
untied from the computer's clock, but the disadvantage of requiring sample rate conversion when combining multiple sources. The connectors the USB committee
USB
Digital audio effect
audio fidelity: sample rate reduction and resolution reduction. Sample rate reduction Adjusting a bitcrusher by varying only the sample rate Problems playing
Bitcrusher
Cross-platform free software digital audio editor
format Audio signal processing Multitrack recording Audio mastering Sample rate conversion Free and open-source software portal Free audio software List of
SoX
Free and open-source software
M3U format). Native Zeroconf support. libsamplerate and native sample rate conversion. Support for ALSA, PulseAudio, PipeWire, OSS, MVP, JACK, Windows
Music_Player_Daemon
Signal processing sample technique
undersampling or bandpass sampling is a technique where one samples a bandpass-filtered signal at a sample rate below its Nyquist rate (twice the upper cutoff
Undersampling
Changing the speed or duration of an audio signal without affecting its pitch
For a digital audio recording, this can be accomplished through sample rate conversion. When using this method, the frequencies in the recording are always
Audio time stretching and pitch scaling
Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling
MME WaveIn/WaveOut emulation was introduced in Windows Vista: if sample rate conversion is needed, audible noise is sometimes introduced, such as when playing
Technical features new to Windows Vista
Technical_features_new_to_Windows_Vista
Audio codec
problematic if the data is passed unchanged, but any gain scaling or sample rate conversion, operations which are aurally harmless to PCM data, will corrupt
Dolby_Digital_Plus
Direct digital-to-digital conversion of one encoding to another
without changing video formats; this can include sample rate conversion, but may use an identical sampling rate with higher compression. This allows one to
Transcoding
Type of voltage sampling device
the conversion process. They are also used in electronic music, for instance to impart a random quality to successively-played notes. A typical sample and
Sample_and_hold
Personal computer audio codec
certain frames. (This capability depends on the codec. Alternatively, sample rate conversion could be performed in the DC97 (controller) or in the software driver
AC'97
Digital audio recording company
the two sample rates 44.1 kHz or 44.1/1.001 kHz. Any metadata in the Sony format were lost in the format conversion. This was a format conversion only,
Soundstream
volume control Mixing multiple PCM audio streams Sample rate conversion Audio bit depth conversion Sound card mixer controls are provided through the
Sound_card_mixer
Computer sound card
DSP's native-rate of 48 kHz), for mixing with other audio sources. Use of Windows Vista or 7 should mitigate the DSP sample rate conversion issue as setting
Sound_Blaster_Audigy
American audio software company
support 8/05 – BIAS introduces Peak Pro 5 – adds industry-leading sample rate conversion and graphical waveform view to playlist, DDP export capability 9/05
BIAS
Audio controllers by Yamaha
logic and PLL filter, mixing SPDIF input from mixer without prior sample rate conversion. The AC-XG family features AC'97 codec. YMF725: AC'97 codec for
Yamaha_YMF7xx
Computer sound card
most powerful at its time of release, offering an extremely robust sample rate conversion (SRC) engine in addition to enhanced internal sound channel routing
Sound_Blaster_X-Fi
Application programming interface for multimedia processing
audio effects, as well as transitions, keying, automatic frame rate and sample rate conversion and such other features which are used in non-linear video
DirectShow
Video capture software for Windows
Modified VirtualDub Capture Routine with High Quality Realtime Sample Rate Conversion and Phase Servo Loop (formerly a project at the Kaiserslautern University
VirtualDub
Software framework for audio
but provides software support for additional features such as sampling rate conversion; default: this is an alias for the default sound card or device;
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture
Sampling higher than the Nyquist rate
oversampling is the process of sampling a signal at a sampling frequency significantly higher than the Nyquist rate. Theoretically, a bandwidth-limited
Oversampling
Number of frames rendered in one second
rate equal to the game's frame rate, as long as it is within the display's supported range. Frame rate up-conversion (FRC) is the process of increasing
Frame_rate
Quasi-peak audio level meter originally developed in the 1930s
the PPM indication, and that subsequent signal processing (e.g., sample rate conversion) may increase the amplitude. SMPTE RP 0155 recommends a different
Peak_programme_meter
Experiment methodology
clickthrough rate or registration rate. Two-sample hypothesis tests are appropriate for comparing the two samples in which the samples are divided by
A/B_testing
Means of quantifying system performance
algorithm. Such an algorithm compares the relative rates of two or more devices and uses sample-rate conversion to synchronize the streams. See also Clock recovery
Audio_system_measurements
reduced bandwidth. This process can include conversion of the sample rate, but may also use the original sampling rate combined with more compression. The increased
Transrating
Pseudoscientific attempts to change sexual orientation or gender identity
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, gender identity,
Conversion_therapy
Deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
is the conversion factor from the resulting fraction to another unit (e.g., multiplying by 10 3 {\displaystyle 10^{3}} to get mortality rate per 1,000
Mortality_rate
Bias in the sampling of a population
sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population have a lower or higher sampling probability
Sampling_bias
Multiple converters working in parallel
increase in the overall sampling rate of the entire system. To conclude, the time-interleaving method effectively increases the conversion speed of each sub-ADC
Time-interleaved_ADC
Mathematical operation
Ran; Deng, Bing; Zhang, Wei-Qiang; Wang, Yue (2008). "Sampling and sampling rate conversion of band limited signals in the fractional Fourier transform
Fractional_Fourier_transform
Logic error due to ignoring the base rate
The base rate fallacy, also called base rate neglect or base rate bias, is a type of fallacy in which people tend to ignore the base rate (e.g., general
Base_rate_fallacy
American electrical engineer (born 1943)
methods, and a class of decimation/interpolation methods for digital sampling rate conversion. In the area of speech processing, Rabiner has made contributions
Lawrence_Rabiner
Speech coding standard
the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM/DCS. The sampling rate is 8000 sample/s leading to a bit rate for the encoded
Enhanced_full_rate
Device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal
otherwise appear between 22 kHz and 88 kHz after zero-order hold conversion. The higher sampling rate shifts these images away from the audio band and reduces
Digital-to-analog_converter
Method in digital signal processing
digitized, band-limited signal to a lower frequency signal at a lower sampling rate in order to simplify the subsequent radio stages. The process can preserve
Digital_down_converter
System for digitally encoding audio signals
values at a sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz. This is 64 times the CD audio sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, but with 1-bit samples instead of 16-bit samples. Noise shaping
Direct_Stream_Digital
Frequency with which an engineered system or component fails
Failure rate is the frequency with which any system or component fails, expressed in failures per unit of time. It thus depends on the system conditions
Failure_rate
Also, all the basic audio processing features such as format conversion, sample rate conversion, adding echo, reversing the audio, changing volume and playback
List of features removed in Windows Vista
List_of_features_removed_in_Windows_Vista
Device that records and plays back samples
Fairlight CMI played and recorded low quality samples at 8-bit audio depth and 8–24 kHz sampling rate. In 1981, Toshiba introduced the LMD-649 in Japan
Sampler_(musical_instrument)
Number of bits of information recorded for each digital audio sample
response, which is constrained by the sample rate. Quantization error introduced during analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) can be modeled as quantization
Audio_bit_depth
Digital signal resampling method
samples/second is upsampled by a factor of 5/4, the resulting sample rate is 55,125. Rate increase by an integer factor L {\displaystyle L} can be explained
Upsampling
Narrowband analog-to-digital conversion
analog-to-digital conversion that uses a one-level or multilevel sampling system in which the value of the signal at each sampling instant is predicted
Adaptive_predictive_coding
Process of changing one type of television system to another
the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem imply that conversion from one television standard to another will be easier if the conversion is from a higher framerate
Television standards conversion
Television_standards_conversion
Mössbauer spectroscopy technique
the sample. The nuclear de-excitation following the resonant absorption takes place by emission of either a gamma ray or an internal conversion (IC)
Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy
Conversion_electron_Mössbauer_spectroscopy
Unit of measurement
telecommunications, data rate units are commonly multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential
Data-rate_units
Digital music sampler and keyboard
The Roland DJ-70 is a 16-bit linear A/D Conversion & 20-bit linear D/A Conversion sampling workstation and was released in 1992 by Roland Italy. The Roland
Roland_DJ-70
Digital audio format
11172-3:1993. An MPEG-2 Audio (MPEG-2 Part 3) extension with lower sample and bit rates was published in 1995 as ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995. It requires only minimal
MP3
Type of analog-to-digital converter
comparator(s), these systems also sample the reference value on the input stage. As the sampling is done at a very high rate, the leakage of the capacitors
Flash_ADC
Development of antibodies in the blood serum
IgG class. Seroconversion rates are one of the methods used for determining the efficacy of a vaccine. The higher the rate of seroconversion, the more
Seroconversion
Finance term; profit on an investment
length. The result of the conversion is called the rate of return. Typically, the period of time is a year, in which case the rate of return is also called
Rate_of_return
Method for converting signals between digital and analog
digitization. In Nyquist-rate ADCs, an analog signal is sampled at a relatively low sampling frequency just above its Nyquist rate (twice the signal's highest
Delta-sigma_modulation
Family of digital video interfaces
1080P formats at frame rates of 60 Hz, 59.94 Hz, and 50 Hz, as well as 12-bit color depth, RGB encoding, and 4:4:4 colour sampling. A nominal 3 Gbit/s interface
Serial_digital_interface
into the alternative currency at the strike rate at maturity depending on the spot foreign exchange rate. If an investor has a view on the initial investment
Dual_currency_deposit
Loan to homeowners without monthly payments
1715z-20(j). "Sample HECM Adjustable-Rate Note" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2015. See Home Equity Conversion Mortgages Monthly
Reverse_mortgage
Emissions from unstable atomic nuclei
products against each other, within the same sample. In a similar fashion, and also subject to qualification, the rate of formation of carbon-14 in various eras
Radioactive_decay
Number of occurrences or cycles per unit time
commonly used conversions are listed below: Rotational frequency, usually denoted by the Greek letter ν (nu), is defined as the instantaneous rate of change
Frequency
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
fidelity to the original analog signal: the sampling rate, which is the number of times per second that samples are taken; and the bit depth, which determines
Pulse-code_modulation
Rate of energy expenditure by an endotherm at rest
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. It is reported in energy units per unit time
Basal_metabolic_rate
People without work and actively seeking work
calculate the unemployment rate. The ILO describes four different methods to calculate the unemployment rate: Labour Force Sample Surveys are the most preferred
Unemployment
Measurement for ionizing radiation
survey area. Count rate does not universally equate to dose rate, and there is no simple universal conversion factor. Any conversions are instrument-specific
Counts_per_minute
File format family developed by CRI Middleware
CRI ADX header's "sample rate" and "total samples" are usually the same as the original but other fields like the block size and sample bit depth will usually
ADX_(file_format)
ITU-T standard
alignment block, a sample rate estimator of a sample rate converter, which is used to compensate for differences in the sample rate of the input signals
Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Analysis
Perceptual_Objective_Listening_Quality_Analysis
Audio compression format optimized for speech coding
are available in a full rate channel (FR) and six on a half rate channel (HR). Sampling frequency 8 kHz/13-bit (160 samples for 20 ms frames), filtered
Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec
Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec
Water made of uncommon hydrogen and oxygen isotopes
elimination rates of 2H and 18O in the subject over time (through regular sampling of heavy isotope concentrations in body water, by sampling saliva, urine
Doubly_labeled_water
Signal conversion technique
oversampling techniques, that is, the analog signal is sampled at a rate several times higher than the Nyquist rate. Derived forms of delta modulation are continuously
Delta_modulation
Lab procedure detecting 5-methylcytosines in DNA
conformation and allow for complete conversion. Embedding the DNA in agarose gel has been reported to improve the rate of conversion by keeping strands of DNA physically
Bisulfite_sequencing
Audio performance differences between technologies
digital system is determined, according to the Nyquist frequency, by the sample rate used. The bandwidth of an analog system is dependent on the physical
Comparison of analog and digital recording
Comparison_of_analog_and_digital_recording
Signal with discrete values in time and amplitude
analog-to-digital conversion produces a digital signal. The conversion process can be thought of as occurring in two steps: sampling, which produces a
Digital signal (signal processing)
Digital_signal_(signal_processing)
American engineer
Paul Ferguson. He produced the world's first monolithic asynchronous sample rate converters (the AD1890 family), and he created ADI's sigmaDSP line of
Bob_Adams_(engineer)
Instrument for measuring heat
or the flow rate. The main advantage of the setup is the increase of the experimental vessel's size and consequently the size of the sample, without affecting
Calorimeter
ITU-R recommendation defining UHDTV
the need for conversion circuitry. Since a larger color space increases the difference between colors, an increase of 1 bit per sample is needed for
Rec._2020
Measure of frequency stability in clocks and oscillators
any M-sample variance to any N-sample variance via the common 2-sample variance, thus making all M-sample variances comparable. The conversion mechanism
Allan_variance
Encodes digital audio as video
300 Hz, and with 3 samples per line, this yields a sample rate that is a multiple of 900 Hz. For monochrome NTSC the sample rate is 5m × 60 × 3, where
PCM_adaptor
Process in molecular biology
multiply the OD by the conversion factor to determine the concentration. Example, a 2.0 OD dsDNA sample corresponds to a sample with a 100 μg/mL concentration
Nucleic_acid_quantitation
Digital audio workstation
virtual mixer. 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit float audio bit depths at sample rates up to 192 kHz are supported. Pro Tools supports mixed bit depths and
Pro_Tools
Population growth of the global Christian community
billion. According to various scholars and sources, high birth rates and conversions in the Global South were cited as the reasons for the Christian
Christian_population_growth
Methods for estimating the density and/or abundance of populations
Distance sampling is a widely used group of closely related methods for estimating the density and/or abundance of populations. The main methods are based
Distance_sampling
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SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
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SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
SAMPLE RATE-CONVERSION
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