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Pseudoscientific attempts to change sexual orientation or gender identity
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, gender identity,
Conversion_therapy
Legality of sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity. As of December 2023, twenty-eight
Legality of conversion therapy
Legality_of_conversion_therapy
the United States population live in jurisdictions that have banned conversion therapy—a family of widely debunked and abusive medical, spiritual and psychological
Conversion therapy in the United States
Conversion_therapy_in_the_United_States
The history of conversion therapy can be divided broadly into three periods: an early Freudian period; a period of mainstream approval, when the mental
History_of_conversion_therapy
no scientific demonstration of conversion therapy's efficacy in the last fifty years, finding that conversion therapy is ineffective and potentially harmful
Medical views of conversion therapy
Medical_views_of_conversion_therapy
Movement originating within radical feminism
has argued that definitions of conversion therapy and bans against it should not include gender identity conversion therapy on the basis that it risks criminalising
Gender-critical_feminism
Joint statement against conversion therapy
The Memorandum of Understanding on Conversion Therapy (MoU) is a joint publication by a coalition of mental and physical health organisations in the United
Memorandum of Understanding on Conversion Therapy
Memorandum_of_Understanding_on_Conversion_Therapy
statement from the IPS, conversion therapies are still performed in India. These practices usually involve electroconvulsive therapy (which may lead to memory
Homosexuality_in_India
Exodus International President (conversion therapy program)
February 21, 1972) is mostly known for being the president of the ex-gay conversion therapy ministry Exodus International. After renouncing the mission of Exodus
Alan_Chambers_(activist)
the originally announced plans to ban conversion therapy, the legislation would not criminalise conversion therapy against transgender people. In response
Transgender rights in the United Kingdom
Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom
became the fifth nation in the world to enact a nationwide ban on conversion therapy for minors. Despite the biggest party being socially conservative
LGBTQ_rights_in_Germany
their "painful" and "destructive" experiences with conversion therapy. Several conversion therapy advocates and licensed professionals have moved to Israel
LGBTQ_rights_in_Israel
ban conversion therapy. However, as of December 2019, no effective measures have been taken by the Chinese Government to ban conversion therapy, and
LGBTQ_rights_in_China
2026 United States Supreme Court case
specifically referring to Colorado's Minor Conversion Therapy Law (MCTL) that banned conversion therapy on minors by licensed mental health professionals
Chiles_v._Salazar
Defunct Christian conversion therapy organization
desires. Founded in 1976, Exodus International originally asserted that conversion therapy, the reorientation of same-sex attraction, was possible. In 2006,
Exodus_International
American politician from Maryland
a bill banning conversion therapy for LGBT teens. In a speech on the House floor, she claimed her parents suggested conversion therapy after she came
Meagan_Simonaire
the world, and the first in North America, that statutorily banned conversion therapy nationwide for both minors and adults, and made it a crime to subject
LGBTQ_rights_in_Canada
Fictional character from Hollyoaks
Hannah Cheers and Angelo Abela placed Lucas at the forefront of a conversion therapy issue-based storyline that saw Lucas subsequently struggling to come
Lucas_Hay
British theologian, proponent of "reparative therapy" to cure homosexuality
psychiatry, and despite her influence on the controversial practice of "conversion therapy" for LGBTQ+ people, Moberly has solely had training in theology and
Elizabeth_Moberly
Britain canon law legally bans conversion therapy and also called upon the UK government to legally ban conversion therapy. In October 2021, the government
LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom
LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom
that conversion therapy practices are ineffective and potentially harmful. In July 2018, Health Minister David Clark called conversion therapy "abhorrent"
LGBTQ_rights_in_New_Zealand
Yoga, Conversion Therapy Is A Disturbing Reality Around The World". HuffPost India. Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (2 September 2022). "'Conversion therapy' is
LGBTQ_rights_in_India
2025 report by the United States Department of Health
group of people". The report promotes gender exploratory therapy, a form of conversion therapy intended to delay or prevent transition. Advocates as well
Trump administration HHS gender dysphoria report
Trump_administration_HHS_gender_dysphoria_report
Group promoting conversion therapy
Therapy First, formerly known as GETA, is an organization that advocates gender exploratory therapy, a form of conversion therapy. Originally named the
Therapy_First
Indian actress (born 1997)
queerphobic texts to be removed and spoke of the rampant practice of conversion therapy, whereby medical practitioners claim and attempt to “cure” LGBTQIA+
Trinetra_Haldar_Gummaraju
2026 British television miniseries
"turned straight", which he claims is what he achieved by undergoing conversion therapy in order to turn his life around. He insists that Ava knows about
Half_Man_(TV_series)
American daytime TV show
episode in November 2012 discussed conversion therapy (under a different term, 'reparative therapy') and "forms of therapy that are designed to turn a gay
Medical claims on The Dr. Oz Show
Medical_claims_on_The_Dr._Oz_Show
several issues within the Korean community including perspectives on conversion therapy, HIV-related stigma, hate crimes, intersex persons, and more. The
LGBTQ_rights_in_South_Korea
signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Conversion Therapy (MoU), a statement opposing conversion therapy for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals
Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom
Anti-transgender_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom
means into undergoing conversion therapy by family members who wish to "cure" them of their homosexuality. These conversion therapy practices can take various
Homosexuality_in_China
Activist based in New Zealand
political commentator. Lal is best known for advocating for the ban of conversion therapy in New Zealand. Lal was born in Nausori, Fiji, to a mixed iTaukei
Shaneel_Lal
Non-departmental public body in Great Britain
"conversion therapy" and "transgender" were ill-defined, and making several arguments that have been described as associated with a "pro-conversion-therapy
Equality and Human Rights Commission
Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission
American author and LGBTQ activist
part of a fundamentalist family in Arkansas that enrolled him in conversion therapy. The book was adapted for the 2018 film, Boy Erased. Conley was raised
Garrard_Conley
German law prohibiting conversion therapy
against Conversion Treatments (German: Gesetz zum Schutz vor Konversionsbehandlungen) is a German federal law. It prohibits the use of conversion therapy (called
Act to Protect against Conversion Treatments (Germany)
Act_to_Protect_against_Conversion_Treatments_(Germany)
British politician (born 1982)
Cates has claimed that she does not support, and never has supported, conversion therapy; however, she has voted against some versions of legislation that
Miriam_Cates
measures to outlaw conversion therapy on LGBT minors. The Swiss Federal Council wrote in response that in its view, conversion therapies are "ineffective
LGBTQ_rights_in_Switzerland
been tracking terms related to conversion therapy online since 2022 when they published their first Conversion Therapy Online: The Ecosystem report. The
Terminology_of_homosexuality
include electroconvulsive therapy, exorcisms, starvation or, especially, talk therapy. A French survivor of a conversion therapy workshop described the practice
LGBTQ_rights_in_France
orientation. In August 2022, it was reported that within Vietnam conversion therapy became legally banned and it was declared that LGBT individuals "are
LGBTQ_rights_in_Vietnam
not choose same-sex attractions, and the church opposes conversion therapy. Church-run therapy services no longer provide sexual orientation change efforts
Homosexuality and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Homosexuality_and_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints
century, some conscripts in National Service were encouraged to attend conversion therapy. In the past, some Singaporean conscripts who openly declared their
LGBTQ_rights_in_Singapore
Attraction between people of the same sex or gender
effects. Major mental health organizations overwhelmingly reject conversion therapy as ineffective, scientifically unsupported and potentially harmful
Homosexuality
Mental distress due to gender incongruence
2018). "Position Statement on Therapies Focused on Attempts to Change Sexual Orientation (Reparative or Conversion Therapies)" (PDF). American Psychiatric
Gender_dysphoria
PMC 7516798. PMID 32970105. "Conversion Therapy". GLAAD. August 27, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2023. "Conversion "Therapy" Laws". Movement Advancement Project
LGBTQ rights in the United States
LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_States
Unscientific healthcare practices
plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing repeatable evidence of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside
Alternative_medicine
Canadian politician
(a) causing a person to undergo conversion therapy against the person's will; (b) causing a child to undergo conversion therapy; (c) doing anything for the
Bob_Zimmer
unacceptable," a figure comparable to Nigeria (96%). Various forms of conversion therapy are widely practiced and openly advertised in Indonesia including
LGBTQ_rights_in_Indonesia
Mormon LGBTQ organization
Gay") were involved in conversion therapy, and board members Preston Dahlgreen and Jeff Bennion defended the Jewish conversion therapy organization JONAH
North_Star_(organization)
2026 film by Adrian Chiarella
April 2026). "Leviticus Trailer: Neon Horror Movie Unleashes a Gay Conversion Therapy Nightmare". Variety. Archived from the original on 22 April 2026.
Leviticus_(film)
banning conversion therapy unlikely in Government's lifetime". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 March 2025. "The UK moves to ban conversion therapy. Which
LGBTQ rights in the European Union
LGBTQ_rights_in_the_European_Union
Pseudoscientific alternative medicine
magnet therapy, colorpuncture, and light therapy. Medical techniques involving the use of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., radiation therapy or magnetic
Energy_medicine
UK-based anti-transgender group
the Labour Party published a manifesto including a promise to ban conversion therapy, calling it "abuse" and by banning the practice, create "freedom for
Sex_Matters_(advocacy_group)
Academic journal
members of the ex-gay movement who self-reported that conversion therapy (a.k.a. "reparative therapy") changed their sexual orientation. The paper concluded:
Archives_of_Sexual_Behavior
Irish psychotherapist and author
advocates for "exploratory therapy" in response to gender dysphoria and has written and testified about how some conversion therapy bills risk limiting access
Stella_O'Malley
Alternative medicine technique
health by absorbing 5G radiation. Color healing Energy medicine Magnet therapy Regal, Brian. (2009). Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia. Greenwood
Crystal_healing
American clinical psychologist (1947–2017)
who advocated and practised "reparative therapy", a form of the pseudoscientific treatment of conversion therapy that he claimed could help people overcome
Joseph_Nicolosi
American rabbi and activist
Education, Rafi Peretz, regarding conversion therapies. Lau-Lavie said "there are people whose conversion therapies are their choice, but as the Minister
Amichai_Lau-Lavie
based within common law, since 1 April 2021. Since October 2024, conversion therapy is legally banned in jurisdictions representing approximately 85%
LGBTQ_rights_in_Australia
Former US organization promoting conversion therapy
the NARTH Institute, is a United States organization that promotes conversion therapy, a pseudoscientific practice used in attempts to change the sexual
Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity
Alliance_for_Therapeutic_Choice_and_Scientific_Integrity
Orlando, St. Petersburg, Tallahassee and West Palm Beach, among others. Conversion therapy is also banned in a number of cities in the state, mainly in the Miami
LGBTQ_rights_in_Florida
Scientific and professional organization
statement that homosexuality is not a mental disorder. Conversion therapy, also called reparative therapy, is the practice of attempting to change the patient's
American Psychological Association
American_Psychological_Association
Form of alternative medicine
colonic enemas, chelation therapy, color therapy, cranial osteopathy, hair analysis, iridology, live blood analysis, ozone therapy, psychotherapy, public
Naturopathy
US state–specific LGBTQ rights
and implemented banning conversion therapy state-wide. Some cities within Minnesota had previously banned conversion therapy by local ordinances. In Spring
LGBTQ_rights_in_Minnesota
Rights of transgender individuals in Canada
of conversion therapy, and stated that conversion therapy had "no place" in Manitoba's healthcare system. This ban targeted the conversion of homosexual
Transgender_rights_in_Canada
Group opposing gender-affirming care
gender exploratory therapy, which experts believe is transgender conversion therapy. Marchiano and O'Malley are on the board of Lisa Littman's Institute
Society for Evidence-Based Gender Medicine
Society_for_Evidence-Based_Gender_Medicine
transition; and that transgender youth require conversion therapies such as gender exploratory therapy. Elected officials in Central and South America
Transgender health care misinformation
Transgender_health_care_misinformation
transgender people based on self-determination. On 1 January 2024, conversion therapy became legally banned within Norway. Much like the other Nordic countries
LGBTQ_rights_in_Norway
Madrid's conversion therapy ban in so far as it applies to trans people, and removed any penalties for conversion therapy. Murcia approved a conversion therapy
LGBTQ_rights_in_Spain
Preliminary cancer therapy that precedes a necessary second treatment
by shrinking its volume. This is called conversion therapy; if chemotherapy is used, it is called conversion chemotherapy. Often, it is unclear which
Neoadjuvant_therapy
gender identity. Since October 2018, sex reassignment surgery, hormone therapy or any form of diagnosis are not requirements to alter one's gender on
LGBTQ_rights_in_Uruguay
American transgender girl (1997–2014)
undergo transition treatment, instead sending her to Christian-based conversion therapy with the intention of convincing her to reject her gender identity
Leelah_Alcorn
Academic journal
autism is a form of conversion therapy". Xtra. Retrieved February 4, 2026. Bronstein, Scott; Joseph, Jessi (June 8, 2011). "Therapy to change 'feminine'
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Journal_of_Applied_Behavior_Analysis
Act to prohibit conversion therapy. The Taiwanese Society of Psychiatry and human rights groups recommended that conversion therapy be banned. Members
LGBTQ_rights_in_Taiwan
Banned Australian alternative medicine promoter
Colon cleansing Coffee enema Colorpuncture Conversion therapy Craniosacral therapy Crystal healing Cupping therapy Dental amalgam controversy Detoxification
Barbara_O'Neill
Application of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior
began experimenting on the use of ABA techniques in the form of gay conversion therapy. These methodologies often involved the use of punishment procedures
Applied_behavior_analysis
Canadian politician
practice of conversion therapy in Canada. In December 2020, Gladu had petitioned the Government to narrow the definition of conversion therapy to exclude
Marilyn_Gladu
Australian convicted scammer (born 1991)
managing through diet, exercise, natural medicine, and alternative medicine therapies. She falsely claimed she had donated significant proportions of her income
Belle_Gibson
"Poland moves step closer to banning gay conversion therapy". Pink News. "The EU has voted to condemn gay 'cure' therapy, and urged member states to ban it"
LGBTQ_rights_in_Poland
American Christian evangelist and missionary (born 1952)
ban on conversion therapy. Referencing the biblical text of Leviticus 18:22, he said, "Democrats are proposing a bill to ban conversion therapy in the
Franklin_Graham
Indian LGBT Rights Case Law
stringent measures against involuntary conversion therapy and formulate guidelines pertaining to conversion therapy based on an expert committee's study
Queerala_v._State_of_Kerala
Pseudoscience whereby suction is applied to the skin
Cupping therapy (or cup massage) is a pseudoscientific treatment method in which a local suction is created on the skin by using heated cups. As an alternative
Cupping_therapy
a Ghanaian anti-LGBT advocacy group. The group has advocated for conversion therapy, a practice that the scientific consensus has found is pseudoscientific
National Coalition for Proper Human Sexual Rights and Family Values
National_Coalition_for_Proper_Human_Sexual_Rights_and_Family_Values
2025 season of television series
Kennedy as Mildred Newman, a psychologist famously known for conducting conversion therapy to Anthony Perkins Rondi Reed as Mary Hogan, one of Ed Gein's victims
Monster:_The_Ed_Gein_Story
American politician (born 1969)
gay-to-straight 'conversion' therapy for minors". Los Angeles Times. October 1, 2012. Davis, Aaron C. (December 2, 2014). "D.C. bans gay conversion therapy of minors"
Ted_Lieu
American nuclear waste disposal expert
Brinton gained media attention in 2010 for their reported experience of conversion therapy, later testifying at the United Nations on the subject in 2014. Gay
Sam_Brinton
American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
the ex-gay movement and conversion therapy, calling it "questionable in its efficacy" and citing potential harms of therapy to suppress or change sexual
Jack_Drescher
American-Canadian psychologist/sexologist
sexologist known for the living in your own skin model, a form of conversion therapy targeted towards pre-pubertal children with the goal of making their
Kenneth_Zucker
transition and that they also have the right to use their chosen name. Conversion therapy has been forbidden by the Federal Psychology Council since 1999. In
LGBTQ_rights_in_Brazil
achievements, describing it as a form of violence. In relation to a ban on conversion therapy in Israel, activists such as Maisan Hamdan criticized the conservative
LGBTQ_rights_in_Palestine
Changes in sexuality or sexual identity
course." Conversion therapy (attempts to change sexual orientation) is rarely successful. In Maccio's (2011) review of sexual reorientation therapy attempts
Sexual_fluidity
Pseudoscientific alternative medicine practice
Magnetic therapy is a pseudoscientific alternative medicine practice involving the weak static magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet which is
Magnet_therapy
British advocacy group founded in 2019
by the inclusion of trans people. The group has opposed a ban on conversion therapy that includes trans people in the UK, opposed the use of puberty blockers
LGB_Alliance
Set of ideas and practices adopted by Scientologists
Fischer, Harvey Jay. "Dianetic therapy: an experimental evaluation. A statistical analysis of the effect of dianetic therapy as measured by group tests of
Dianetics
This is a list of films with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-related storylines. This list contains theatrically released cinema films that highlight
List of LGBTQ-related films by storyline
List_of_LGBTQ-related_films_by_storyline
Israeli television series
Noy's virginity and later stays with Shuki, who tries to perform conversion therapy on him. Uriel Geta as Tomer Samigura, nicknamed "Tomeriko", a young
Euphoria_(Israeli_TV_series)
Canadian politician (born 1967 or 1968)
by the Trudeau government that would criminalize certain forms of conversion therapy and parental control regarding gender identity. Jansen claimed that
Tamara_Jansen
well as a law dealing with discrimination in certain businesses. Conversion therapy has a negative effect on the lives of LGBTQ people, and can lead to
LGBTQ_rights_in_Fiji
Movement discouraging homosexuality
and overt admissions by organizations related to the movement that conversion therapy does not work. A large body of research and global scientific consensus
Ex-gay_movement
destructive". Despite this, conversion therapy is believed to be performed in the country. In February 2015, owners of a conversion therapy camp were found guilty
LGBTQ_rights_in_South_Africa
identity in employment, housing and public accommodations and the use of conversion therapy on minors. In July 2020, Colorado became the 11th U.S. state to abolish
LGBTQ_rights_in_Colorado
CONVERSION THERAPY
CONVERSION THERAPY
Girl/Female
Biblical
Conversion, captivity.
Biblical
praise; confession
Boy/Male
Biblical
The God of conversion.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Father of praise; confession.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Together, Conversation with God, Honored
Biblical
captivity; conversion; old age
Biblical
conversion; captivity
Girl/Female
Tamil
Maanhitha | மாநà¯à®¹à¯€à®¤à®¾
Together, Conversation with God, Honored
Maanhitha | மாநà¯à®¹à¯€à®¤à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Together, Conversation with God, Honored
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Confidential talk secret conversation
Boy/Male
Biblical
Respiration, conversion, taking captive.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Evening conversation
Girl/Female
Biblical
Captivity, conversion, old age.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Together, Conversation with God, Honored
Boy/Male
Indian
Speech, Conversation
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Confidential Talk; Secret Conversation
Boy/Male
Biblical
His hand; his confession.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Confidential talk, Secret conversation
Boy/Male
Muslim
Speech, Conversation
Biblical
the God of conversion
CONVERSION THERAPY
CONVERSION THERAPY
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Delicacy; Neatness; Subtlety
Male
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Conchobar, CONCHOBUR means "hound-lover."
Boy/Male
Italian Greek
loves horses'.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Praise; Zealous
Boy/Male
Indian, Sindhi
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Arabic
Lion
Boy/Male
Muslim
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Remover of Fear
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Reasoning; Proof
CONVERSION THERAPY
CONVERSION THERAPY
CONVERSION THERAPY
CONVERSION THERAPY
CONVERSION THERAPY
n.
A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns into rifles.
n.
Sexual intercourse; as, criminal conversation.
v. i.
An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary to, a treaty; an informal compact, as between commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or sovereign powers; as, a postal convention between two governments.
n.
A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.
n.
The act of turning or changing from one state or condition to another, or the state of being changed; transmutation; change.
n.
Shrift; confession.
n.
A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission; a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or right to do something; as, a concession to build a canal.
n.
A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition; as, the conversion of equations; the conversion of proportions.
n.
Concession; compliance.
n.
A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a transformation of the outward life.
n.
Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage.
a.
Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing; as, a conversational style.
n.
The act of immediate inference, by which we deny the opposite of anything which has been affirmed; as, all men are mortal; then, by obversion, no men are immortal. This is also described as "immediate inference by privative conception."
n.
Conversation; talk.
n.
A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.
n.
The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another; also, the state of being so changed.
n.
An admission by a party to whom an act is imputed, in relation to such act. A judicial confession settles the issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession may be explained or rebutted.
n.
A second conversion.
n.
An appropriation of, and dealing with the property of another as if it were one's own, without right; as, the conversion of a horse.
n.
The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or the contrary.