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Process of extracting design information from anything artificial
Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive
Reverse_engineering
Branch of computer science
AI-assisted reverse engineering (AIARE) is a branch of computer science that leverages artificial intelligence, notably machine learning strategies, to
AI-assisted reverse engineering
AI-assisted_reverse_engineering
Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering is a textbook written by Eldad Eilam on the subject of reverse engineering software, mainly within a Microsoft
Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering
Reversing:_Secrets_of_Reverse_Engineering
Debug software
for reverse engineering of programs. It is often used by crackers to crack software made by other developers. For cracking and reverse engineering, it
OllyDbg
Free reverse engineering tool developed by the National Security Agency
Ghidra (/ˈɡiːdrə/ GEE-druh) is a free and open source reverse engineering tool developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States. The
Ghidra
Reverse-engineering without infringing copyright
the Chinese wall technique) is the method of copying a design by reverse engineering and then recreating it without infringing any of the copyrights associated
Clean-room_design
Reverse engineering of printed circuit boards (sometimes called “cloning”, or PCB RE) is the process of generating fabrication and design data for an
PCB_reverse_engineering
Checking of an electric circuit to see if current flows
testing components, ensuring proper grounding of equipment, and reverse engineering circuit boards. A continuity test can be used to test simple electrical
Continuity_test
Reverse-engineering neural networks
approach seeks to analyze neural networks in a manner similar to the reverse engineering of conventional software. The term "mechanistic interpretability"
Mechanistic_interpretability
Unmanned aerial vehicle by Lockheed Martin
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps aerospace division, claimed that Iran had reverse-engineered the RQ-170, and was building a copy of the UAV. He also stated
Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
Lockheed_Martin_RQ-170_Sentinel
American-built one-way attack drone
S. defense contractor SpektreWorks. Its core design is based on reverse engineering of the Iranian-designed HESA Shahed 136. LUCAS is similar in appearance
Low-cost Uncrewed Combat Attack System
Low-cost_Uncrewed_Combat_Attack_System
held that reverse engineering is a fair use. In Sega v. Accolade, the Ninth Circuit held that making copies in the course of reverse engineering is a fair
Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs
Limitations_on_exclusive_rights:_Computer_programs
Communications protocol not documented by a publicly available standard
networks. Reverse engineering is the process of retrieving a protocol’s details from a software implementation of the specification. Methods of reverse-engineering
Proprietary_protocol
Modification of software, often to use it for free
related to reverse engineering because the process of attacking a copy protection technology, is similar to the process of reverse engineering. The distribution
Software_cracking
"reconstructs" source code from compiled binary files through time-demanding reverse engineering techniques. The table below with available source code resulted not
List of commercial video games with available source code
List_of_commercial_video_games_with_available_source_code
incremental reverse engineering, preserving user modifications to the diagram and importing only changes from the database Some - can only reverse engineer
Comparison of database administration tools
Comparison_of_database_administration_tools
French programmer
(born 3 November 1967), is a French programmer, mostly known for reverse engineering the HP-28 and then the HP 48 series of calculators, and writing multiple
Paul_Courbis
Software reverse engineer (1952–2009)
(sometimes +Fravia or Fravia+), was a software reverse engineer, who maintained a web archive of reverse engineering techniques and papers. He also worked on
Fravia
32-bit microprocessor by Intel
and Technologies Super386 38600SX and 38600DX were developed using reverse engineering. They sold poorly, due to some technical errors and incompatibilities
I386
United States intellectual property law case
at a later date. Connectix's development strategy was based upon reverse engineering the PlayStation's BIOS firmware, first by using the unchanged BIOS
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.
Sony_Computer_Entertainment,_Inc._v._Connectix_Corp.
Free framework for reverse-engineering software
Radare2 (also known as r2) is a complete framework for reverse-engineering and analyzing binaries; composed of a set of small utilities that can be used
Radare2
Software reverse engineering tool
program, is available at extra cost. IDA is used widely in software reverse engineering, including for malware analysis and software vulnerability research
Interactive_Disassembler
Disciplines into which the field of engineering is conventionally divided
Redundancy (engineering) Reverse engineering Sustainable engineering Traditional engineering Value engineering Non-technical fields: Cost engineering Demographic
List_of_engineering_branches
Concept in United States copyright law
Office. Retrieved November 8, 2025. b:Reverse Engineering/Legal Aspects "Coders' Rights Project Reverse Engineering FAQ". Electronic Frontier Foundation
Fair_use
16-bit microprocessor
transistors". — (August 2020). "Reverse-engineering the adder inside the Intel 8086". — (August 2020). "Reverse-engineering the 8086's Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Intel_8086
American chef and YouTube personality
for the magazine's YouTube channel, most notably as the host of Reverse Engineering. Morocco grew up in Newton, Massachusetts and attended Newton South
Chris_Morocco
Turbojet aircraft engine
Google Knjige. DARcorporation. ISBN 9781884885563. "Taiwan Plans Re-engineering J85 Turbojet Engines for Long-range Missiles". 3 January 2019. Gunston
General_Electric_J85
Software application
broader meaning described in the article "Reverse engineering"). Some of the challenges of reverse engineering are: The source code often has much more
UML_tool
Former U.S. military intelligence officer's claims about "non-human" spacecraft recovery
highly secretive special access programs involved in the recovery and reverse engineering of "non-human" spacecraft and their dead pilots, and that people
David Grusch UFO whistleblower claims
David_Grusch_UFO_whistleblower_claims
Open source UML diagram software
and Qt, it is multilingual, and supports code generation and code reverse engineering. The releases prior to version 4.23 are free software licensed under
BOUML
8-bit graphical operating system
GEOS 2.0 for Commodore C64 had been fully reverse-engineered and suitable for the cc65 compiler suite. The reverse-engineered source code has been made available
GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)
American researcher and hacker (born 1975)
electrical engineering from MIT and is the author of the freely available 2003 book Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering. As of 2012
Andrew_Huang_(hacker)
Business term describing an information barrier
to avoid copyright infringement when reverse engineering a proprietary driver. It involves two separate engineering groups separated by a Chinese wall.
Chinese_wall
learning is used in diverse types of reverse engineering. For example, machine learning has been used to reverse engineer a composite material part, enabling
Applications of artificial intelligence
Applications_of_artificial_intelligence
Topics referred to by the same term
the recording of sound in reverse Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering, a book by Eldad Eilam Tegami Bachi: REVERSE, the second season of the Tegami
Reverse
Proprietary wireless streaming protocol developed by Apple Inc.
receive AirPlay over Wi-Fi or Ethernet. Some open-source projects have reverse-engineered the audio part of the protocol, enabling any computer to be
AirPlay
Memory card format
is to Sony. No public documentation was available (see below for reverse-engineering results). In contrast, the CompactFlash format is described by completely
XD-Picture_Card
Analysis and interpretation of systems
or source code. The field encompasses technical practices such as reverse engineering, code analysis, and formal verification to ensure software functions
Software_understanding
Reverse-engineering platform developed by Vector 35 Inc
Binary Ninja is a reverse-engineering platform developed by Vector 35 Inc. It allows users to disassemble a binary file and visualize the disassembly
Binary_Ninja
Reverse engineering software
version 5.31. Version 5.32 shipped with VIBRE (for "Vibe Reversing"), a reverse engineering AI assistant backed by an external LLM and the JEB's MCP server
JEB_decompiler
Small program designed to test a programmer's reverse engineering skills
crackme is a small computer program designed to test a programmer's reverse engineering skills. Crackmes are made as a legal way to crack software, since
Crackme
Iranian-designed one-way attack drone
developed the LUCAS drone, a clone of the Shahed 136 developed from reverse engineering the Iranian-designed HESA Shahed 136, and deployed a squadron in
HESA_Shahed_136
Anonymous reverser
to conduct research into Reverse Code Engineering (RCE). The addition of the "+" sign in front of the nickname of a reverser signified membership in the
Old_Red_Cracker
Software engineering methodology
Xiuru; Liu, Feng; Zhong, Yan (May 2021). "Rigorous code review by reverse engineering". Information and Software Technology. 133 106503. doi:10.1016/j
Specification-driven development
Specification-driven_development
Open source software driver for Nvidia GPU
employees. The project's goal is to create an open source driver by reverse engineering Nvidia's proprietary Linux drivers. It is managed by the X.Org Foundation
Nouveau_(software)
Free incomplete Windows NT-like operating system
room reverse engineering was used, and all developers were made to sign an agreement committing them to comply with the project's policies on reverse engineering
ReactOS
Laws against circumventing technological barriers
use of information) with other programs.. The section states: (f) Reverse Engineering.— (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a)(1)(A), a person
Anti-circumvention_laws
2024 mobile operating system
reverse engineers iPhone's Inactivity Reboot feature". 9to5Mac. Retrieved November 23, 2024. "Reverse Engineering iOS 18 Inactivity Reboot". Reverse Engineering
IOS_18
Mixture of fragrant substance
can be done after a positive response. Creating perfumes through reverse engineering with analytical techniques such as Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Perfume
Debian-based Linux distribution for penetration testing
tools designed for penetration testing, vulnerability analysis, and reverse engineering. It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns of Offensive Security
Kali_Linux
Video game series
GitHub that had reverse-engineered the game engines for Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City, asserting that such reverse-engineering was disallowed by
Grand_Theft_Auto
Fictional program within the U.S. Air Force
United States Air Force UFO program. It was purported to involve the reverse-engineering of alien spacecraft, but was in fact an elaborate hazing and misinformation
Yankee_Blue
Linux distribution for Apple Silicon-powered Macs
Apple Silicon-powered Macs, started by Hector Martin. It does so by reverse-engineering the SoCs, which lack official, publicly available documentation from
Asahi_Linux
Conditional access system for satellite television
STB, or by using the serial number from said receiver with one of the reverse-engineered solutions. In the case of Sky, all cards are married to a particular
VideoGuard
Alternative server for online play for the Xbox console
Live for the original Xbox. Insignia was created via closed-source reverse engineering of the original Live server software, hosted on Insignia's own servers
Insignia_(Xbox)
3D graphics software
Noesis is software for viewing, converting, and reverse engineering data. Common data types supported by the software include images, 3D models, medical
Noesis_(software)
of the LUCAS drone, a clone of the Shahed 136, achieved through reverse engineering, and deployed a squadron in the Middle East. Iran first began using
Unmanned aerial vehicles in the Iranian military
Unmanned_aerial_vehicles_in_the_Iranian_military
British inventor
directly or allow unsupervised research due to the potential for reverse engineering, and he maintained that he should keep 51% ownership of the formula
Maurice_Ward
Organized network of pirate groups
emerging in the 1970s, used by predecessors of software cracking and reverse engineering groups. Their work was made available on privately run bulletin board
Warez_scene
French computer scientist
Jonathan is the main author of the Witchcraft Compiler Collection, a reverse engineering framework presented at major conferences including DEF CON, Black
Jonathan_Brossard
engineering is closely related to traditional software engineering disciplines: forward engineering (creating software from specifications), reverse engineering
Round-trip_engineering
Scanning of an object or environment to collect data on its shape
robotic mapping, industrial design, orthotics and prosthetics, reverse engineering and prototyping, quality control/inspection and the digitization
3D_scanning
1992 American court case
Ninth Circuit applied American intellectual property law to the reverse engineering of computer software. Stemming from the publishing of several Sega
Sega_v._Accolade
Software that controls computer-graphics hardware
understanding of the underlying hardware is often gained by clean-room reverse engineering. Based on this understanding, device drivers may be written and legally
Free and open-source graphics device driver
Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver
File format that is not a free and open format
others. Typically such restrictions attempt to prevent reverse engineering, though reverse engineering of file formats for the purposes of interoperability
Proprietary_file_format
2017 video game
previously worked together on Soul Bubbles, as a fan remake developed by reverse engineering the original Master System game's code. Lizardcube worked on the
Wonder_Boy:_The_Dragon's_Trap
Crowd-sourced competition
DREAM Challenges (Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods) is a non-profit initiative for advancing biomedical and systems biology research
DREAM_Challenges
Component of the Blu-ray Disc digital rights management system
members of the Doom9 forum have reverse engineered the virtual machine specification, however. According to the reverse-engineered specification, the virtual
BD+
Implementations of the A3 and A8 functions of the GSM standard
completed via reverse engineering. This led to a full publication in 1998. The second and third versions were obtained via reverse engineering of software
COMP128
English punk rock band
[non-primary source needed] UK Subs – Reverse Engineering. Banquet Records. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2022. Reverse Engineering | UK Subs. bandcamp. Retrieved
U.K._Subs
Legal dispute between Atari and Nintendo
the district court on whether reverse engineering could hypothetically be allowed, declaring that "reverse engineering, untainted by the purloined copy
Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.
Atari_Games_Corp._v._Nintendo_of_America_Inc.
Secure area of a main processor
even impossible, if the hardware is designed in such a way that reverse-engineering destroys the keys. In most cases, the keys are unique for each piece
Trusted_execution_environment
Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been acknowledged and protected in China since 1980. China has acceded to the major international conventions
Intellectual property in China
Intellectual_property_in_China
Lawsuit between Sony Entertainment and hackers geohot and fail0verflow
of the group fail0verflow. It was in regards to jailbreaking and reverse engineering the PlayStation 3. On January 11, 2011, Sony Computer Entertainment
Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc. v. Hotz
Sony_Computer_Entertainment_America,_Inc._v._Hotz
Russian software developer
Interactive Disassembler Guilfanov created. A freeware version of this reverse engineering tool is also available. Currently, he lives in Liège, Belgium. He
Ilfak_Guilfanov
Deliberate creation of difficult-to-understand code
The primary reasons for doing so are to prevent tampering, deter reverse engineering, or to create a puzzle or recreational challenge to deobfuscate the
Obfuscation_(software)
Canadian semiconductor technology company
branched out into other areas including EDA software, semiconductor reverse engineering, test equipment manufacturing and intellectual property licensing
MOSAID
2022 video game by Harbour Masters
Windows. In November 2021, after 21 months of development, the Zelda Reverse Engineering Team (ZRET) successfully decompiled the executable to The Legend
Ship_of_Harkinian
Proprietary Internet telephony network
terms of Skype's license agreement prohibit reverse engineering. However, EU law allows for reverse engineering for interoperability purposes, and the U
Skype_protocol
American pastry chef and video host (born 1986)
in which she created gourmet versions of popular snack foods by reverse engineering them. Since leaving the company, she has published two cookbooks
Claire_Saffitz
Home video game console
several of its games attracted legal scrutiny on matters involving reverse engineering and video game violence. Controversy surrounding violent games such
Sega_Genesis
Software distributed and used at no cost, with other rights still reserved
For instance, modification, redistribution by third parties, and reverse engineering are permitted by some publishers but prohibited by others. Unlike
Freeware
Assembly-language programming and binary-analysis tools
machine code generation, disassembly, debugging, binary analysis, reverse engineering, and instruction-set simulation. Assembly language is not a single
List of assembly software and tools
List_of_assembly_software_and_tools
Pages: pgt(4)". Openbsd.org. 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2012-12-09. "OpenBSD reverse engineers more wireless drivers". Undeadly.org. 2004-04-02. Retrieved 2012-12-09
Comparison of open-source wireless drivers
Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers
Parallel logic programming language
used to build static analyzers, disassemblers, and tools for binary reverse engineering. Soufflé is considered by academic researchers to be high-performance
Soufflé (programming language)
Soufflé_(programming_language)
American software engineer
and software engineer. He is known for developing iOS jailbreaks, reverse engineering the PlayStation 3, and for the subsequent lawsuit brought against
George_Hotz
Memory forensics and reverse engineering product
reverse engineering product for Windows used for acquiring and analyzing volatile memory. One of its uses is in the detection and reverse engineering
WindowsSCOPE
Brand of smart and proximity cards
a partial reverse-engineering of the algorithm used in the MIFARE Classic chip. A paper that describes the process of reverse engineering this chip was
MIFARE
Waveform used in electronic music
Video Tutorial: Reverse Engineering the Hoover sound - Using The Bloody Beetroots and Steve Aoki's "Warp 1.9" as example Reverse-engineering the rave hoover
Hoover_sound
Program translating executable to source code
decompiler. This process is commonly used for tasks that involve reverse-engineering the logic behind executable code, such as recovering lost or unavailable
Decompiler
American IP lawyer and academic
restrictions on reverse engineering across multiple industries and argued that, as one scholar later summarized, "the legal rules for reverse engineering should
Pamela_Samuelson
Communication app
without requiring CD key authentication. This was accomplished through reverse engineering of Blizzard Entertainment's online service. Due to a lawsuit in 2002
Bnetd
United States intellectual property law
law. The SCPA permits competitive emulation of a chip by means of reverse engineering. The ordinary test for illegal copying (mask work infringement) is
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984
Semiconductor_Chip_Protection_Act_of_1984
Free open-source program to decode DVDs with encryption
wrote DeCSS, including Johansen, came to call themselves Masters of Reverse Engineering and may have obtained information from DrinkOrDie. The CSS decryption
DeCSS
use is in obfuscating the control or dataflow of a program to make reverse engineering harder. "A Method for Watermarking Java Programs via Opaque Predicates"
Opaque_predicate
Egyptian American professor
to his website, Dr. Sobh’s current research interests include: “reverse engineering and industrial inspection, CAD/CAM and active sensing under uncertainty
Tarek_Sobh
Applied science and research
science Global Engineering Education Green engineering Reverse engineering Structural failure Sustainable engineering Women in engineering The following
Engineering
Hexadecimal view of computer data
dump of data is usually done in the context of either debugging, reverse engineering or digital forensics. Interactive editors that provide a similar
Hex_dump
American electrical engineer (born 1975)
Prototype This!, a Discovery Channel television show. He specializes in reverse engineering and finding security flaws in hardware devices. Grand has testified
Joe_Grand
Software research project collaboration
clone detection. Bauhaus was originally derived from the older Rigi reverse engineering environment, which was expanded by Bauhaus due to the Rigi's limitations
Bauhaus_Project_(computing)
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