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Business information kept secret to gain or maintain a competitive advantage
A trade secret is a type of intellectual property that protects a formula, process, or other business information that is valuable because it is not generally
Trade_secret
Topics referred to by the same term
customers. Trade secret may also refer to: Trade Secret (Australian company), a defunct Australian discount department store "Trade Secrets", an episode
Trade_secret_(disambiguation)
Ownership of creative expressions and processes
others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property was developed in England
Intellectual_property
Coca-Cola Company's recipe for Coca-Cola syrup
carbonated water to create the famous soft drink, is a closely guarded trade secret that belongs to the Coca-Cola Company. Company founder Asa Candler initiated
Coca-Cola_formula
2019 German law
German Law on the Protection of Trade Secrets (German: Gesetz zum Schutz von Geschäftsgeheimnissen), or Trade Secrets Law in short (German: GeschGehG)
Law on the Protection of Trade Secrets
Law_on_the_Protection_of_Trade_Secrets
In Canada, trade secrets are generally considered to include information set out, contained or embodied in, but not limited to, a formula, pattern, plan
Trade_secrets_in_Canada
Uniform act in the United States
The Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), published by the Uniform Law Commission (ULC) in 1979 and amended in 1985, is a model law designed for adoption
Uniform_Trade_Secrets_Act
United States federal law
The Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 (DTSA) (Pub. L. 114–153 (text) (PDF), 130 Stat. 376, enacted May 11, 2016, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1836, et seq.)
Defend_Trade_Secrets_Act
Australian discount store chain
Trade Secret was a chain of clothing, accessories and home furnishing stores operated by TJX and had 35 stores across Australia by April 2017. The stores
Trade Secret (Australian company)
Trade_Secret_(Australian_company)
in Chicago. According to the federal indictment, he possessed stolen trade secret information, which included nine copies of a Chicago company's control
List of Chinese spy cases in the United States
List_of_Chinese_spy_cases_in_the_United_States
1998 novel by Paule Constant
Trading Secrets (French: Confidence pour confidence) is a 1998 novel by the French writer Paule Constant. It received the Prix Goncourt. 1998 in literature
Trading_Secrets
qualified secret "technical or business information". The Unfair Competition Prevention Law was amended in recognition of the increasing importance of trade secrets
Japanese_trade_secrets
Software released under a license restricting rights
is covered by copyright which, along with contract law, patents, and trade secrets, provides legal basis for its owner to establish exclusive rights. A
Proprietary_software
Indian multinational technology company
US$940 million fine on TCS and Tata America International Corp in the trade secret case, which was reduced to US$420 million in 2017. In 2020, an appeals
Tata_Consultancy_Services
French-American automobile engineer (born 1980)
Levandowski was indicted on 33 federal charges of theft of self-driving car trade secrets. In August 2020, Levandowski pleaded guilty to one of the 33 charges
Anthony_Levandowski
EU law standardizing trade secret protection across member states
on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure is a directive
Directive on the Protection of Trade Secrets
Directive_on_the_Protection_of_Trade_Secrets
Line of razors produced by Gillette
Safety Razor. Davis pleaded guilty to five counts of stealing Gillette's trade secrets in January 1998. Davis was sentenced to 27 months in prison. Davis said
Gillette_Mach3
Secret blend of ingredients used in KFC fried chicken
most famous trade secrets in the catering industry. Franchisee Dave Thomas, better known as the founder of Wendy's, argued that the secret recipe concept
KFC_Original_Recipe
Material that government claims requires confidentiality
companies, especially as regards information that is protected under trade secret laws. New product development teams are often sequestered and forbidden
Classified_information
Taiwanese semiconductor foundry
possessing a stolen trade secret and agreeing to pay a fine of $60 million. UMC's plea and Plea Agreement resolved the 2018 trade secrets case brought against
United Microelectronics Corporation
United_Microelectronics_Corporation
Figure in Scientology space opera
the spiritual condition of humanity. These materials are treated as trade secrets and are normally disclosed only to Scientologists who have completed
Xenu
Illegally breaching a monopoly on an idea
parent companies, plant breeders rights, products, publishers, and trade secrets. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be
Intellectual property infringement
Intellectual_property_infringement
Real estate company
"Appeal Denied: Amrock Ordered To Pay $740 Million To HouseCanary For Trade Secret Theft". Aces. Retrieved 2022-03-14. Danner, Patrick (2019-01-08). "Title
Rocket_Close
American rabbi
ingredients. Geffen was provided with the Coca-Cola formula, a closely guarded trade secret, on the condition that he not disclose the formula. Geffen discovered
Tobias_Geffen
1989 studio album by The Adventures
Trading Secrets with the Moon is the third studio album by rock band The Adventures, released in 1989. It produced no hit singles. The album itself reached
Trading_Secrets_with_the_Moon
2011 video game
misappropriation of trade secrets, awarding NCsoft about $2 million in damages and issuing an injunction against utilizing trade secrets for monetary gain
TERA_(video_game)
Component of a product, guarded from public disclosure
and so on. Secret ingredients are normally not patented because that would result in publication, but they are protected by trade secret laws. Employees
Secret_ingredient
American fast food restaurant chain
recipe of "11 herbs and spices". The constituents of the recipe are a trade secret. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard "bucket"
KFC
American software company
exhibits a trade secret might emerge at trial,' Parrish wrote. 'Simply stated, this court will not do APT’s job for it by mining its trade secrets from the
Applied Predictive Technologies
Applied_Predictive_Technologies
American operator of hair salons
Minnesota in 1992. In December 1993, Regis acquired 88 salons from the Trade Secret Development Corporation for $12.8 million. The deal helped expand the
Regis_Corporation
Chinese state-owned DRAM manufacturer
allegations that it stole trade secrets". Reuters. 2024-02-29. "Chinese chip maker cleared of spying charges in US criminal trade secrets case". South China
Fujian Jinhua Integrated Circuit
Fujian_Jinhua_Integrated_Circuit
Name that a business trades under for commercial purposes
A trade name, also known as a trading name, business name or operating name, is a pseudonym used by companies and other organizations that do not operate
Trade_name
summary of state trade secret law in the United States and its territories. Although many U.S. states have adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), each
Trade secret laws in the United States by state
Trade_secret_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state
Type of legal protection for an invention
A trade secret is information that is intentionally kept confidential and that provides a competitive advantage to its possessor. Trade secrets are
Patent
American legal case
Finally, the district court concluded that Computer Associates' state law trade secret misappropriation claim against Altai was preempted by the federal Copyright
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
Computer_Associates_International,_Inc._v._Altai,_Inc.
British comedian (b. 1964)
Manners (1998); The Fountain at the Centre of the World (2003); and The Trade Secret (2013). In 2015 his book The Entirely Accurate Encyclopaedia of Evolution
Rob_Newman_(comedian)
Classification of secrecy of information
information can adversely affect the privacy or welfare of an individual, trade secrets of a business or even the security and international relations of a
Information_sensitivity
constitute trade secrets and that failure on behalf of the employee to relinquish an account could constitute misuse of a trade secret or "trade secret misappropriation
PhoneDog_v._Kravitz
Brand of London dry gin
second distillation. While the Tanqueray recipe is a closely guarded trade secret, it is known to contain four botanicals: juniper, coriander, angelica
Tanqueray
Overview of and topical guide to intellectual property
trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions, trade secrets. These may be sometimes called intellectual rights
Outline of intellectual property
Outline_of_intellectual_property
2012 court case in Colorado
in which the court held that MySpace friend lists could constitute trade secrets. While the names in the friend lists could be found in public directories
Christou_v._Beatport,_LLC
American Court of Appeals Case
not a trade secret, but also it did not take or utilize the database in any way. The court ruled that the database was in fact a trade secret but found
MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc.
MAI_Systems_Corp._v._Peak_Computer,_Inc.
several others of misappropriation of trade secrets under California's implementation of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The case went through several rounds
DVD Copy Control Ass'n v. Bunner
DVD_Copy_Control_Ass'n_v._Bunner
Lubricating oil and water displacement spray
WD-40 Company), in San Diego, California; the formula was kept as a trade secret and was never patented to avoid public disclosure of the ingredients
WD-40
United States espionage legislation
only industrial espionage (e.g., the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act), but the
Economic Espionage Act of 1996
Economic_Espionage_Act_of_1996
American cloud computing company
dismiss the case entirely. Appian announced that it would press its trade secret claims against Pegasystems Inc. In 2025, Appian released AI Document
Appian_Corporation
Topics referred to by the same term
secret recipe is a recipe whose details are held under secrecy, usually (especially in commercial circumstances) protected by law as a trade secret.
Secret_recipe
Ninth Circuit case
notable for holding that the plaintiff could only identify claimed trade secrets with sufficient specificity if it identified the precise numerical dimensions
Imax Corp. v. Cinema Technologies, Inc.
Imax_Corp._v._Cinema_Technologies,_Inc.
American software company
jury verdict awarded Appian Corporation $2.036 billion in damages for trade secret misappropriation and a damages award of $1 for a violation of the Virginia
Pegasystems
in dispute over issues involving software patents, copyrights, and trade secrets. [citation needed]Software forensics tools can compare code to determine
Software_forensics
Fictional restaurant in SpongeBob SquarePants
burger, the Krabby Patty, the formula to which is a closely guarded trade secret. The restaurant was founded by Eugene H. Krabs (often referred to as
Krusty_Krab
Autonomous car technology company
alleging trade secret theft and patent infringement. The company claimed that three ex-Google employees, including Anthony Levandowski, had stolen trade secrets
Waymo
Software company
elements of the ACM software and in February 2015 they sued Ford for trade secret misappropriation, breach of contract, and patent infringement. Versata
Versata
Knowledge of how to perform a task
intellectual property throughout the world". The World Trade Organization defined a trade secret by the following criteria: Natural and legal persons shall
Procedural_knowledge
as Masimo Secrets Case Goes to Jury". Bloomberg News. Retrieved December 28, 2023. Schneider, Joe (May 1, 2023). "Apple-Masimo Trade Secrets Fight Ends
Apple Watch health monitoring patent dispute
Apple_Watch_health_monitoring_patent_dispute
Musical instruments
harem, who wore finger cymbals. After Avedis died, the business, and the secret for producing the metal, was handed down through several generations of
Zildjian
Portrayal of professional wrestling events as being real
the show. Linguistics portal Glossary of professional wrestling terms Trade secret Truthiness Simulacra and Simulation Roleplay Sherlockian game Pronounced
Kayfabe
Computer programmer
by a federal grand jury in Manhattan. The counts included theft of trade secrets (count 1), transportation of stolen goods (count 2), and illicit obtainment
Sergey_Aleynikov
Chinese manufacturing company
Lawsuits were filed in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, alleging BYD obtained trade secrets from former Foxconn employees. Previously, BYD had faced unsuccessful
BYD_Company
2008 trade secret case law
President of the Blade Development Unit, became the subject of a notable trade secret misappropriation and non-compete clause case when he announced a plan
International Business Machines Corp. v. Papermaster
International_Business_Machines_Corp._v._Papermaster
American department store corporation
rebranded to Sierra in 2019. In July 2015, TJX acquired the Trade Secret and Home Secret off-price retail businesses from Australian company Gazal Corporation
TJX
Cola soft drink
kola nuts (a source of caffeine). The formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret; however, a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations
Coca-Cola
Number representing illegal information
well. A number may represent some type of classified information or trade secret, legal to possess only by certain authorized persons. An AACS encryption
Illegal_number
US appeals court case
programs. Consequently, Gagnon's trade secret misappropriation claim was also defeated, and because no trade secret existed as between Gagnon and AMS
Asset Marketing Systems, Inc. v. Gagnon
Asset_Marketing_Systems,_Inc._v._Gagnon
Belief system and practices developed by L. Ron Hubbard
the spiritual condition of humanity. These materials are treated as trade secrets and are normally disclosed only to Scientologists who have completed
Scientology
Legal battle between two semiconductor companies
concluded with Avanti executives pleading no contest to trade-secret theft, conspiracy to commit trade-secret theft, receiving stolen property, and securities
Cadence Design Systems, Inc. v. Avanti Corp
Cadence_Design_Systems,_Inc._v._Avanti_Corp
American lingerie and cosmetics retailer
"Victoria's Secret, Slave Labor And So-Called "Free Trade"". Huffington Post. Workers are allowed just 3.3 minutes to sew each $14 Victoria's Secret women's
Victoria's_Secret
Fictional hamburger
Patty formula is a closely guarded trade secret, and rival restaurateur Plankton's futile attempts at acquiring the secret formula is a major recurring theme
Krabby_Patty
List of best-selling books in the United States
guidelines that are unpublished—how the Times compiles the list is a trade secret. In 1983, during a legal case in which the Times was sued, the Times
The New York Times Best Seller list
The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list
Theft of corporate information
of sensitive business information. This practice typically targets trade secrets, proprietary operational data, and intellectual property belonging to
Industrial_espionage
Topics referred to by the same term
free dictionary. UTSA or Utsa may refer to: Uniform Trade Secrets Act, a uniform law on trade secret protection in the United States University of Texas
UTSA
Norwegian cheese brand
it. It has been produced since the 1890s. Its recipe details remain a trade secret of Tine. Pasteurized milk is filled into large cheese vats and is heated
Norvegia
Effect in organizational theory
live sardines home every time, and the shipmaster kept his method a trade secret. After he died, people found that there was a catfish in the fish tank
Catfish_effect
7 World Trade Center included Salomon Smith Barney, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Standard Chartered Bank, and the U.S. Secret Service
Lists of tenants in the World Trade Center (1973–2001)
Lists_of_tenants_in_the_World_Trade_Center_(1973–2001)
Concentrated bitters made of water, alcohol, herbs and spices
Joseph I of Austria in profile. The exact formula is a closely guarded secret, with only one person knowing the whole recipe, passed familially. Since
Angostura_bitters
Perfume coated paper
with pharmacist Henri Rivier. The recipe and method of production is a trade secret. Papier d'Arménie brand is a registered trademark throughout the world
Papier_d'Armenie
Documents of Scientology's secret materials
them to be copyrighted and a trade secret. Among other materials, the affidavit contains 61 pages of the allegedly trade-secret and copyrighted story of Xenu
Fishman_Affidavit
Organization engaged in commerce or industry
This could require patents, copyrights, trademarks, or preservation of trade secrets. Most businesses have names, logos, and similar branding techniques
Business
Fraternal secret society in Britain
society. The Horseman's Word acted as a form of trade guild or trade union, aiming to protect trade secrets, ensuring that its members were properly trained
The_Horseman's_Word
Legal and public disputes between a software company and Linux vendors and users
law, and breach of trade secrets would only affect the one or few companies who might have been alleged to have disclosed trade secrets. Lacking grounds
SCO–Linux_disputes
Chinese car company
August 2022, the former Apple engineer, Xiaolang Zhang, pleaded guilty to trade secret theft in federal court. XPeng's 2025 annual report stated that the alleged
XPeng
Bitter, aromatic spirit from Italy
is made from 27 herbs and other ingredients; the exact formula is a trade secret. Sources have reported that its recipe includes Chinese rhubarb, Aloe
Fernet-Branca
Lawsuits around open-source software
that trade secrets are impossible to maintain while complying with GPL in distributing the work, so they could not be in breach of trade secrets. This
Open source license litigation
Open_source_license_litigation
British television series
1 May 2020. "Flog It: Trade Secrets, Series 1, Something for Nothing". BBC. Retrieved 24 December 2019. "Flog It: Trade Secrets, Series 1, Found". BBC
Flog_It!
Contractual agreement not to disclose specified information
to protect any type of confidential and proprietary information or trade secrets. As such, an NDA protects non-public business information. Like all
Non-disclosure_agreement
1994 American TV series or program
1994) Well Bargained and Done Warriors of Light and Steel Retribution Trade Secrets No Guts, No Galaxy (note: clip show) Protect and Survive In the Belly
BattleTech: The Animated Series
BattleTech:_The_Animated_Series
1991 book by the Nation of Islam
released in 1991, asserts that Jews dominated the Atlantic slave trade. The Secret Relationship has been widely criticized for being antisemitic and
The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Blacks_and_Jews
certain pieces of knowledge and to prevent exposure. Copyright, patent, trade secret and trademark law, are the primary sources of legal protection at issue
Intellectual rights to magic methods
Intellectual_rights_to_magic_methods
Computer hardware whose interface is controlled by the proprietor
whose interface is controlled by the proprietor, often under patent or trade-secret protection. Historically, most early computer hardware was designed as
Proprietary_hardware
American technology company
Move's trade secret case collapses". Daily Journal. Black, Kat (9 April 2025). "Latham Client CoStar Secures Dismissal of Move Inc.'s Trade Secrets Case
CoStar_Group
Act, Quaid would be in violation of the Louisiana Uniform Trade Secret Act for trade secret misappropriation. In Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd., 655
Louisiana Software License Enforcement Act
Louisiana_Software_License_Enforcement_Act
Brand of hard seltzer
amounts of "malted gluten-free grains". The exact recipe and methods are trade secrets. White Claw was created by Mark Anthony Group, run by Vancouverite Anthony
White_Claw_Hard_Seltzer
American lawyer
lawyer, and the author of two multivolume law treatises: Milgrim on Trade Secrets and Milgrim on Licensing. Milgrim graduated in 1954 from Central High
Roger_M._Milgrim
Company that owns other companies' outstanding stock
companies are also created to hold assets such as intellectual property or trade secrets that are protected from the operating company. That creates a smaller
Holding_company
U.S. federal court case
discussed legal tests for software copyright infringement, and ruled that trade secret misappropriation requires more than circumstantial evidence. The case
Comprehensive Technologies International, Inc. v. Software Artisans, Inc.
Comprehensive_Technologies_International,_Inc._v._Software_Artisans,_Inc.
with theft of trade secrets. On 24 January 2018 a U.S. federal jury in Madison, Wisconsin found Sinovel guilty of stealing trade secrets from AMSC causing
Sinovel
Condiment used on hamburgers at Hardee's
Carl's Jr. Big Carl. Although the exact composition of the sauce is a trade-secret, its likely ingredients include mayonnaise, eggs, pickles, green onions
Big_Twin_Sauce
American legal case
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit involving theft of trade secrets and intellectual property. The court upheld the conviction of Samarth
United_States_v._Agrawal
American healthcare services provider
complete. The case garnered media attention as setting a precedent in trade secret litigation ahead of an anticipated wave of vertical integration in the
Optum
Employee recruiting practice
non-compete agreements, or stealing trade secrets. Employee poaching for the purposes of stealing trade secrets is illegal. Ethical and legal dilemmas
Employee_poaching
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance