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Merging of lineages
Reticulate evolution, or network evolution is the origination of a lineage through the partial merging of two ancestor lineages, leading to relationships
Reticulate_evolution
Subfamily of coniferous trees (redwoods)
are thought to have diverged from each other during the Jurassic. Reticulate evolution refers to the origination of a taxon through the merging of ancestor
Sequoioideae
Group of closely related similar organisms
arisen from convergent evolution. Hybrid speciation can lead to unclear species boundaries through a process of reticulate evolution, in which species have
Species_complex
Hypothetical hybrid species
Pan–Homo split which may include hybridization, or what is known as reticulate evolution. Different chromosomes appear to have split at different times, suggesting
Humanzee
Set of theoretical concepts concerning evolutionary biology
construction. Other processes such as evolvability, phenotypic plasticity, reticulate evolution, horizontal gene transfer, symbiogenesis are said by proponents to
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Extended_evolutionary_synthesis
Species of flowering plant
Narthex are hard to resolve due to rampant hybridization causing reticulate evolution in many species of this section (and indeed, across the entire subgenus
Ferula_drudeana
Species of fish
The reticulate whipray or honeycomb stingray (Himantura uarnak) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It inhabits coastal waters in the western
Reticulate_whipray
Genus of conifers
sutchuenensis. This newest grouping is hypothesized to be the result of reticulate evolution and hybridization within the genus. They are widely grown as ornamental
Thuja
Property of a group not united by common ancestry
R.; Risenberg, L.H. (22 June 2004). "Reconstructing patterns of reticulate evolution in plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1700–1708. Bibcode:2004AmJB
Polyphyly
Genus of flowering plants
to the section Paeonia, which is characterised by a complicated reticulate evolution. Only about half of the (sub)species is diploid, the other half tetraploid
Peony
Genus of trees in the family Fagaceae
wind-pollinated trees (Fagus L.) encapsulates 55 million years of reticulate evolution and hybrid origins of modern species". The Plant Journal. 109 (4):
Beech
Genus of cactus
Opuntia s.s. (Cactaceae): Clade delineation, geographic origins, and reticulate evolution". American Journal of Botany. 99 (5): 847–864. Bibcode:2012AmJB.
Opuntia
Australian marine biologist
the Orpheus Island Marine Station. He introduced the concept of reticulate evolution to the field of coral taxonomy. In 2009, Sir David Attenborough introduced
John_Veron
Photosynthetic part of a vascular plant
two main types, parallel and reticulate (net like). In general, parallel venation is typical of monocots, while reticulate is more typical of eudicots
Leaf
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
JSTOR 1222833. Wittzell, Hakan (1999). "Chloroplast DNA variation and reticulate evolution in sexual and apomictic sections of dandelions". Molecular Ecology
Species
"Phylogenetics of the Chamaesyce clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae): Reticulate evolution and long-distance dispersal in a prominent C4 lineage" (PDF). American
List_of_C4_plants
Genus of plants
have largely supported this, confirming some previously suspected reticulate evolution due to past hybridisation and introgression events between the groups
Populus
Species of flowering plants in the sumac family
Golan-Goldhirsh, Avi; Parfitt, Dan E. (2008). "Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 95
Pistacia_lentiscus
Genus of coniferous evergreen trees
chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and there is strong evidence for a history of reticulate evolution involving extensive hybrid introgression in the genus, which is continuing
Spruce
Genus of flowering plants in the tea family
"Phylogenomic insights into the reticulate evolution of Camellia sect. Paracamellia Sealy (Theaceae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 62 (1): 38–54. Bibcode:2024JSyEv
Camellia
Species of tree
among Metasequoia, Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron could be a sign of reticulate evolution (in which two species hybridize and give rise to a third) among the
Sequoia_sempervirens
Genus of extinct elephants
genome revised these results, and suggested P. antiquus resulted from reticulate evolution and had a complex ancestry tree, with the majority (~60%) of its
Palaeoloxodon
Species of plant
(August 20, 2024). "All tangled up: Unraveling phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in the vining ferns, Lygodium (Schizaeales)". American Journal of
Lygodium_heterodoxum
Species of fish
Retrieved 12 December 2004. Turgeon, J. & Bernatchez, L. (2003) Reticulate evolution and phenotypic diversity in North American ciscoes, Coregonus ssp
Coregonus_artedi
Genus of fishes
PMID 28565465. S2CID 12144534. Turgeon J, Bernatchez L (January 2003). "Reticulate evolution and phenotypic diversity in North American ciscoes, Coregonus ssp
Coregonus
Species of plant
apparently has evolved independently multiple times, and has facilitated reticulate evolution. Moreover, the species is triploid and possibly sometimes tetraploid
Asplenium_monanthes
Species of fern
relationships of individual populations of C. minutum are best described by reticulate evolution. Crepidomanes minutum has a broad distribution throughout the Pacific
Crepidomanes_minutum
Study of lichen taxonomy and evolution
the evolution of these unusual, unattached growth forms. Systematically, the case shows that species boundaries can be porous and that reticulate evolution
Lichen_systematics
living in the present day, as opposed to paleontology. network evolution See reticulate evolution. neutral mutation 1. Any mutation of a nucleic acid sequence
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
Condition where cells have more than two sets of chromosomes
addition, polyploidy is frequently associated with hybridization and reticulate evolution that appear to be highly prevalent in several fungal taxa. Indeed
Polyploidy
Species of plant
Christopher H.; Windham, Michael D.; Rabe, Eric W. (April 1995). "Reticulate Evolution in the Polypodium vulgare Complex". Systematic Botany. 20 (2): 89
Polypodium_vulgare
Species of tree native to Europe and Asia
of Corylus and unravel extensive signals of reticulate evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 204 108293. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108293
Corylus_colurna
Genus of palm-like monocot trees and shrubs
that the evolutionary trajectory of the genus was heavily shaped by reticulate evolution and transoceanic adaptive introgression across the Indian Ocean.
Pandanus
Species of North American pine tree
(August 2009). "Reticulate evolution and incomplete lineage sorting among the ponderosa pines". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (2): 498–511
Coulter_pine
Extinct species of elephant native to Europe and West Asia
this study, the lineage of Palaeoloxodon antiquus was the result of reticulate evolution, with the majority of the genome of straight-tusked elephants deriving
Straight-tusked_elephant
Group of fishes
Res. B. Canada 184, 1–1092 Turgeon, J. & Bernatchez, L. (2003) Reticulate evolution and phenotypic diversity in North American ciscoes, Coregonus ssp
Cisco_(fish)
Species of flowering plant
Paeonia. The taxonomy of this group of peonies is complicated due to reticulate evolution. In the most recent revision of the genus, P. obovata is assigned
Paeonia_obovata
American scientist
speciation?" Evolution. "Parallel molecular evolution in an herbivore community," Science. "Phylogenomics reveals extensive reticulate evolution in Xiphophorus
Molly_Schumer
Species of flowering plant
Meerow, A. W., Soltis, D. E., & Soltis, P. S. (2014). Testing deep reticulate evolution in Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and chloroplast
Hippeastrum_reticulatum
Emily B; Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary
North American Dryopteris hybrid complex
North_American_Dryopteris_hybrid_complex
Genus of plants
Emily B; Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary
Dryopteris
Genus of dolphin
However, more recent studies indicate that this is a consequence of reticulate evolution (such as past hybridization between Stenella and ancestral Tursiops)
Bottlenose_dolphin
Flowering plant species known as dandelion
Charles. Wittzell, Hakan (1999). "Chloroplast DNA variation and reticulate evolution in sexual and apomictic sections of dandelions". Molecular Ecology
Taraxacum_officinale
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
Retrotransposon Endosymbiont Endosymbiotic theory Endogenization Retrovirus Reticulate evolution Felid hybrids Genetic admixture Genetic erosion Graft hybrid Graft-chimaera
Hybrid_(biology)
Species of grass
PMID 21659176. Hunt HV, Badakshi F, Romanova O, et al. (April 10, 2014). "Reticulate evolution in Panicum (Poaceae): the origin of tetraploid broomcorn millet,
Proso_millet
Subgenus of plants
"Phylogenetics of the Chamaesyce clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae): Reticulate evolution and long-distance dispersal in a prominent C4 lineage". American
Euphorbia_subg._Chamaesyce
Family of flowering plants
plastid and nuclear DNA. The most likely cause of this incongruence is reticulate evolution resulting from rampant hybridization. The delimitation of genera
Oleaceae
Calcium carbonate scales covering some phytoplankton species
Ger; Young, Jeremy R.; von Dassow, Peter (2016-05-24). "Recent Reticulate Evolution in the Ecologically Dominant Lineage of Coccolithophores". Frontiers
Coccolith
Jason T.; Brown, A. H. D. (14 November 2003). "Diploid and polyploid reticulate evolution throughout the history of the perennial soybeans (Glycine subgenus
Annual vs. perennial plant evolution
Annual_vs._perennial_plant_evolution
Genus of flowers
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Rhodolirium
Species of flowering plant
Paeonia. The taxonomy of this group of peonies is complicated due to reticulate evolution. In the most recent revision of the genus, it is assigned to the
Paeonia_mairei
Species of conifer
2478/johr-2014-0001. S2CID 33834249. Peng, Dan; Wang, Xiao-Quan (June 2008). "Reticulate evolution in Thuja inferred from multiple gene sequences: Implications for
Thuja_plicata
Leaf anatomy
arrangement of veins, including the primary vein, varies among plants. Reticulate venation occurs in dicots, where the primary vein branches into a network;
Primary_vein
Family of flowering plants that includes cashew and mango
Wen; Avi Golan-Goldhirsh; Dan E. Parfitt (2008). "Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 95 (2):
Anacardiaceae
Subfamily of fishes
implications for their systematics, reticulate evolution, and colonization time (abstract)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 10 (1): 132–143. doi:10.1006/mpev
Alburninae
Species of beech
wind-pollinated trees (Fagus L.) encapsulates 55 million years of reticulate evolution and hybrid origins of modern species". The Plant Journal. 109 (4):
Fagus_japonica
Post-translational removal of peptide sequences from a protein sequence
Kristen S.; Soucy, Shannon M.; Gogarten, J. Peter (2012). "The Role of Reticulate Evolution in Creating Innovation and Complexity". International Journal of
Protein_splicing
Species of fern
JSTOR 2439783. Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1954). "Reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Aspleniums" (PDF). Evolution. 8: 103–118. doi:10.2307/2405636. hdl:2027
Asplenium_×_trudellii
Species of flowering plant
Trust. Guggisberg, A.; Mansion, G.; Conti, E. (2009). "Disentangling Reticulate Evolution in an Arctic-Alpine Polyploid Complex". Systematic Biology. 58 (1):
Primula_scotica
Mode of speciation in evolutionary biology
– Phylogenetic relationships, reticulate evolution and biogeographic patterns", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70: 296–313, Bibcode:2014MolPE
Peripatric_speciation
Family of flowering plants
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Amaryllidaceae
Species of fern
" a group of spleenwort species and hybrids which have formed by reticulate evolution. Members of the complex descended from A. montanum are among the
Asplenium_montanum
Tribe of grasses
1007/s00122-004-1839-x. PMID 15754209. S2CID 20620721. Mason-Gamer R (2004). "Reticulate evolution, introgression, and intertribal gene capture in an allohexaploid
Triticeae
Species of fern
October 2013. Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1954). "Reticulate Evolution in the Appalachian Aspleniums" (PDF). Evolution. 8 (2): 103–118. doi:10.2307/2405636. hdl:2027
Asplenium_platyneuron
Genus of flowering plants
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Hippeastrum
Species of beech
wind-pollinated trees (Fagus L.) encapsulates 55 million years of reticulate evolution and hybrid origins of modern species". The Plant Journal. 109 (4):
Fagus_crenata
Species of mammal
Stenella found in previous studies, finding this to be a consequence of reticulate evolution in Tursiops (including past introgression from Stenella) and incomplete
Burrunan_dolphin
Species of carnivorous plant
means "with ears", referring to the shape of the leaves., leaf venation - reticulate. Plumbago auriculata is an evergreen shrub, often grown as a climber,
Plumbago_auriculata
Species of fern
Haufler, Christopher H.; Windham, Michael D.; Rabe, Eric W. (1995). "Reticulate Evolution in the Polypodium vulgare Complex". Systematic Botany. 20 (2): 89–109
Polypodium_appalachianum
Intergenic DNA sequence separating ribosomal RNA genes
– Phylogenetic relationships, reticulate evolution and biogeographic patterns". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 70: 296–313. doi:10.1016/j.ympev
Internal_transcribed_spacer
Species of bird
southern hemisphere during a glacial period and reticulate evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 292–303. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49..292R
Chilean_skua
(1999-10-01). "Molecular Evidence for the Compilospecies Model of Reticulate Evolution in Armeria (Plumbaginaceae)". Systematic Biology. 48 (4): 735–754
Compilospecies
Genus of flowering plants
fine-scale study associated with South African Memecylon showing the reticulate evolution of this group. The dense and axillary showy clusters of Memecylon
Memecylon
Species of flowering plant
Tao; Crawford, Daniel J.; Stuessy, Tod F. (1995). "Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using internal transcripted spacer sequences
Paeonia_cambessedesii
Former genus of flowering plants
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Rhodophiala
Species of mammal
Franz (August 2, 2017). "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA reveals reticulate evolution in hares (Lepus spp., Lagomorpha, Mammalia) from Ethiopia". PLOS
Abyssinian_hare
Species of mammal
However, more recent studies indicate that this is a consequence of reticulate evolution (such as past hybridization between Stenella and ancestral Tursiops)
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
Indo-Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin
Species of mammal
recent studies in the 2020s indicate that this is a consequence of reticulate evolution (such as past hybridization between Stenella (spotted dolphins) and
Atlantic_spotted_dolphin
Subfamily of flowering plants
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Amaryllidoideae
Tribe of grasses
chloroplast genomes. The genera are classified in 25 subtribes. Reticulate evolution occurred repeatedly in the tribe. Anthoxanthinae Anthoxanthum (syn
Poeae
Species of plant
Tao; Crawford, Daniel J.; Stuessy, Tod F. (1995). "Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using internal transcripted spacer sequences
Paeonia_emodi
Species of fern
JSTOR 1545766. Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1954). "Reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Aspleniums" (PDF). Evolution. 8 (2): 103–118. doi:10.2307/2405636. hdl:2027
Asplenium_bradleyi
Genus of flowering plants
among Houstonia (Rubiaceae) Species: The Influence of Polyploidy on Reticulate Evolution", American Journal of Botany, 92 (8): 1372–80, doi:10.3732/ajb.92
Houstonia_(plant)
Genus of flowering plants in the lily family
Tison, J.-M., Peterson, A., Dörte Harpke, & Peruzzi, L. (2012). Reticulate evolution of the critical Mediterranean Gagea sect. Didymobulbos (Liliaceae)
Gagea
Species of flowering plant
(Scrophulariaceae) despite high levels of incongruence and reticulate evolution". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 17 (2): 323–349. doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0316-0
Scrophularia_oblongifolia
Plant species in the primrose family
Mansion, Guilhem; Conti, Elena (1 February 2009). "Disentangling Reticulate Evolution in an Arctic–Alpine Polyploid Complex". Systematic Biology. 58 (1):
Primula_farinosa
Species of bulb
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Hippeastrum_mirum
Species of flowering plant
Tao; Crawford, Daniel J.; Stuessy, Tod F. (1995). "Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using internal transcripted spacer sequences
Paeonia_sterniana
Species of wood fern
Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (30 June 2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary
Dryopteris_intermedia
British biologist and writer
Francisco. (2015). Can We Understand Evolution Without Symbiogenesis? In Nathalie Gontier. Reticulate Evolution: Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer
Hermann_Reinheimer
Species of plant
thunbergianus hybridizes with several members of this section, with reticulate evolution through hybridization and polyploidy leading to the formation of
Lepisorus_thunbergianus
Species of fern
the tropics; A. resiliens may have arisen from these species by reticulate evolution, but precise relationships among the group are not yet certain. It
Asplenium_resiliens
Hybrid fern
JSTOR 1545766. Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1954). "Reticulate Evolution in the Appalachian Aspleniums" (PDF). Evolution. 8 (2): 103–118. doi:10.2307/2405636. hdl:2027
Asplenium_×_ebenoides
Species of fern
Smith, Dale M.; Levin, Donald A. (1963). "A chromatographic study of reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Asplenium complex". American Journal of Botany
Asplenium_×_wherryi
Genus of flowering plants
Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S. (1 March 2014). "Testing Deep Reticulate Evolution in Amaryllidaceae Tribe Hippeastreae (Asparagales) with ITS and Chloroplast
Phycella
Genus of flowering plants
"Phylogenetics of the Chamaesyce clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae): Reticulate evolution and long-distance dispersal in a prominent C4 lineage". American
Chamaesyce
Species of bacterium
extracellular infectious elementary body (EB) and an intracellular non-infectious reticulate body (RB). The EB attaches to host cells and enter the cell using effector
Chlamydia_trachomatis
Species of fern
JSTOR 1545766. Wagner, Warren H. Jr. (1954). "Reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Aspleniums" (PDF). Evolution. 8 (2): 103–118. doi:10.2307/2405636. hdl:2027
Asplenium_pinnatifidum
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
"Reproductive and genetic evidence for a reticulate evolutionary theory of mass spawning corals". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 16 (11): 1607–13. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals
Coral
Species of mammal
Suchentrunk, Franz (2017). "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA reveals reticulate evolution in hares (Lepus spp., Lagomorpha, Mammalia) from Ethiopia". PLOS
Ethiopian_hare
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