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International finance problem
In international finance, the redundancy problem, also known as the n − 1 problem, is a problem of inequality of the number of policy instruments and
Redundancy_problem
Duplication of critical components to increase reliability of a system
In engineering and systems theory, redundancy is the intentional duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the goal of increasing
Redundancy_(engineering)
Inter-router protocol that automatically assigns routers to hosts
The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a network redundancy protocol standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It provides
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Virtual_Router_Redundancy_Protocol
Digit of the forelimb
Zatsiorsky, V.M. (1998). "Force sharing among fingers as a model of the redundancy problem". Experimental Brain Research. 119 (3): 276–286. doi:10.1007/s002210050343
Finger
Linear model of communication
regard is that noise may distort the signal. They discuss redundancy as a solution to this problem: if the original message is redundant then the distortions
Shannon–Weaver_model
Canadian economist and Nobel Laureate (1932–2021)
Acmetal List of economists List of University of Waterloo people Redundancy problem – suggested by Mundell Robert Mundell on Nobelprize.org , accessed
Robert_Mundell
Minimum redundancy feature selection is an algorithm frequently used in a method to accurately identify characteristics of genes and phenotypes and narrow
Minimum redundancy feature selection
Minimum_redundancy_feature_selection
Interdisciplinary field
to perform the motor task. Redundancy plays a large role in muscle synergy. Muscle redundancy is a degrees of freedom problem on the muscular level. The
Neuromechanics
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
is the generalised (i.e. canonical) version of bivariate correlation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) is similar to canonical correlation analysis but allows
Multivariate_statistics
Building in Newark, New Jersey
Martynek, Raul (4 March 2020). "Edge data center markets and the redundancy problem". Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 18 October
165_Halsey_Street
Philosophical concept
According to the redundancy theory of truth (also known as the disquotational theory of truth), asserting that a statement is true is completely equivalent
Redundancy_theory_of_truth
In compiler theory, partial redundancy elimination (PRE) is a compiler optimization that eliminates expressions that are redundant on some but not necessarily
Partial-redundancy elimination
Partial-redundancy_elimination
Form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes
Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes on a machine or a system. It is a logical, systematic
Troubleshooting
Resilience of systems to component failures or errors
1950s. Two kinds of redundancy are possible: space redundancy and time redundancy. Space redundancy provides additional components, functions, or data
Fault_tolerance
Unnecesary source code
development Duplicate code – Repeated fragment of computer source code Redundancy (information theory) – Message encoded with more bits than needed Code
Redundant_code
Fault-tolerant computer system
that run the same set of operations at the same time in parallel. The redundancy (duplication) allows error detection and error correction: the output
Lockstep_(computing)
Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks
Process in machine learning and statistics
and can thus be removed without incurring much loss of information. Redundancy and irrelevance are two distinct notions, since one relevant feature may
Feature_selection
Systems with high up-time, a.k.a. "always on"
99.9023% availability. Two kinds of redundancy are passive redundancy and active redundancy. Passive redundancy is used to achieve high availability
High_availability
Rigid structures found in some plants
Taxonomic resolution issues deriving from the multiplicity and redundancy problems can be dealt with by integrating phytolith analysis with other areas
Phytolith
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
Marcel J. E. Golay. All error-detection and correction schemes add some redundancy (i.e., some extra data) to a message, which receivers can use to check
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Methods of error detection and correction in communications
The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a check of the remainder after division in the ring of polynomials over GF(2) (the finite field of integers modulo
Mathematics of cyclic redundancy checks
Mathematics_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks
English dog trainer (born 1966)
consultant role at Weetabix Limited in Northamptonshire for 21 years, taking redundancy in 2007. In 2008, Hall set up his own dog training business. In 2017,
Graeme_Hall_(dog_trainer)
Multiple ways for multi-joint objects to realize a movement
correspondence between a motor problem (or goal) and the motor solution used. This property is commonly described as motor redundancy. The modern version of motor
Degrees_of_freedom_problem
Technology to correct measurements in industrial processes
data reconciliation problem presented above also includes unmeasured variables x {\displaystyle x\,\!} . Based on information redundancy, estimates for these
Data validation and reconciliation
Data_validation_and_reconciliation
Transmission Control Protocol technology
connection to use multiple paths to maximize throughput and increase redundancy. In January 2013, the IETF published the Multipath specification as an
Multipath_TCP
Technique to compress data
published in the 1952 paper "A Method for the Construction of Minimum-Redundancy Codes". The output from Huffman's algorithm can be viewed as a variable-length
Huffman_coding
Mathematical statistics distance measure
according to how well each reflects the particular circumstances of the problem in question. The idea of relative entropy as discrimination information
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Concept in risk management
of failure whereas a bus factor greater than one means there is some redundancy for every part of the process. An early instance of this sort of query
Bus_factor
Optimization problem in computer science
neighbor search (NNS), as a form of proximity search, is the optimization problem of finding the point in a given set that is closest (or most similar) to
Nearest_neighbor_search
Network service attack performed by multiple fake identities
Entities in peer-to-peer networks use multiple identities for purposes of redundancy, resource sharing, reliability and integrity. In peer-to-peer networks
Sybil_attack
Rights of employees if they are dismissed for economic reasons in UK labour law
Redundancy in United Kingdom law concerns the rights of employees if they are dismissed for economic reasons in UK labour law. Section 139 of the Employment
Redundancy in United Kingdom law
Redundancy_in_United_Kingdom_law
Prehistoric climate changes
cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: some redundancy with main article. Please help improve this article if you can
Climate across Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Climate_across_Cretaceous–Paleogene_boundary
Class of algorithms in information theory
compression to remove the redundancy). They are iterative algorithms that eventually converge to one of the maxima of the optimization problem that is associated
Blahut–Arimoto_algorithm
Record of humanity's attempts to find east-west position on Earth
often carried more than one chronometer. Two would give dual modular redundancy, allowing a backup if one should cease to work, but not allowing any error
History_of_longitude
Straight metallic bar with a hole at each end
load based on tension rather than compression. However, more modern low-redundancy chain link suspension spans fell into general disfavor as a result of
Eyebar
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
reliable data transmission methods. This typically involves the removal of redundancy and the correction or detection of errors in the transmitted data. There
Coding_theory
Basic automatic repeat-request (ARQ) data transmission and error detection protocol
Typically, the transmitter adds a redundancy check number to the end of each frame. The receiver uses the redundancy check number to check for possible
Stop-and-wait_ARQ
Optimization algorithm
assignment problem (GAP) Frequency assignment problem (FAP) Redundancy allocation problem (RAP) Set cover problem (SCP) Partition problem (SPP) Weight
Ant colony optimization algorithms
Ant_colony_optimization_algorithms
Length of ciphertext needed to unambiguously break a cipher
to determine the key completely, assuming the underlying message has redundancy. Claude Shannon defined the unicity distance in his 1949 paper "Communication
Unicity_distance
Electrical device that uses batteries to prevent any interruption of power flow
2016-03-03. Detailed explanation of UPS redundancy options"High-Availability Power Systems, Part II: Redundancy Options" (PDF). Archived from the original
Uninterruptible_power_supply
Task of generating recommendations to a user
avoid redundancy. This problem is sometimes studied as a computational learning theory problem. Another approach for formulating this problem is a partially
Preference_elicitation
Approach to business improvement
may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The article needs to be corrected for grammar - there are some missing
Total_quality_management
Random text generating software
Rooter: A Methodology for the Typical Unification of Access Points and Redundancy: Many physicists would agree that, had it not been for congestion control
SCIgen
Alistair; Turpin, Andrew (Oct 1997). "On the implementation of minimum redundancy prefix codes". IEEE Transactions on Communications. 45 (10): 1200–1207
Package-merge_algorithm
Learning effect inherent within some poorly designed instructional materials
than separate or farther apart. The redundancy effect has also been linked to the split-attention effect. The redundancy effect is the idea that instruction
Split_attention_effect
just under the surface, and use that to determine efficiency, cost, and redundancy. Coined by behavioral economist Rory Sutherland in his 2019 book Alchemy
List_of_fallacies
Scientific study of digital information
data compression removes as much redundancy as possible, an error-correcting code adds just the right kind of redundancy (i.e., error correction) needed
Information_theory
System property to handle growing work
number of redundant physical data copies. Clusters which provide "lazy" redundancy by updating copies in an asynchronous fashion are called 'eventually consistent'
Scalability
Austrian–British philosopher of science (1902–1994)
language. Hence, "it is true that" possesses the logical status of a redundancy. "Is true", on the other hand, is a predicate necessary for making general
Karl_Popper
Measure in risk analysis
likelihood of a demand, the complexity of the device(s), and types of redundancy used. PFD (probability of dangerous failure on demand) and RRF (risk reduction
Safety_integrity_level
Ability of a computer system to cope with errors during execution
the ways biological systems adapt to environments is through the use of redundancy. Many organs are redundant in humans. The kidney is one such example.
Robustness_(computer_science)
Hypothesis in biblical criticism
The two-source hypothesis (or 2SH) is an explanation for the synoptic problem, the pattern of similarities and differences among the three Gospels of
Two-source_hypothesis
Type of indicator light in automobiles
light under severe conditions. As the name suggests, its purpose was redundancy in case the primary check engine light failed.[citation needed] On vehicles
Check_engine_light
Normal form used in database normalization
the third normal form (3NF). By using BCNF, a database will remove all redundancies based on functional dependencies. Edgar F. Codd released his original
Boyce–Codd_normal_form
Condition in which an engine turns beyond its design limit
trip point due to systems sticking. Some systems add two trip bolts for redundancy, which enables response latency to be reduced by half. Electrical overspeed
Overspeed
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
Fairhead, Harry (23 December 2014). "NTP The Latest Open Source Security Problem". I Programmer. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved
Network_Time_Protocol
Designing products to facilitate manufacturing
wafer. This involves identifying critical areas of the design, adding redundancy, and implementing layout strategies that improve the likelihood of successful
Design_for_manufacturability
Group of people working together to enhance dive safety and achieve a task
such as deep cave penetrations, technical divers will often use team redundancy to limit the amount of equipment carried. The concept is that equipment
Diving_team
Organizing method developed by McKinsey
thinking is that, by definition, it precludes redundancies. However, there are cases where redundancies are desirable or even necessary. There is some
MECE_principle
English TV producer and author
as a Producer on the BBC Newsnight programme, before taking voluntary redundancy in 2021. She was particularly focused on investigating and arranging interviews
Sam_McAlister
Former suspension bridge (stood 1928–1967)
eyebars per link. The eyebars in the Silver Bridge offered little to no redundancy, as each chain link consisted of just two eyebars in parallel. (Each bar
Silver_Bridge
due to temporary difficulties of their factories. This institute, the Redundancy Fund (Cassa integrazione guadagni, CIG), aims to help the factories in
Unemployment benefits in Italy
Unemployment_benefits_in_Italy
System with multiple networked computers
cloud-native and high-availability environments, where fault isolation and redundancy are key design considerations. Its implementation varies depending on
Distributed_computing
versions of the problem. In the value-dynamic retrieval problem, where the data structure must support an Update operation, the optimal redundancy is k = Θ (
Retrieval_Data_Structure
Flight instrument
Reliance on redundancy of aircraft systems can also lead to delays in executing needed repairs, as airline operators rely on the redundancy to keep the
Air data inertial reference unit
Air_data_inertial_reference_unit
1984 book by Charles Perrow
to errors and accidents. Second, redundancy may lead to shirking of responsibility among workers. Third, redundancy may lead to increased production pressures
Normal_Accidents
Principle in biology
The redundancy principle in biology expresses the need of many copies of the same entity (cells, molecules, ions) to fulfill a biological function. Examples
Redundancy principle (biology)
Redundancy_principle_(biology)
Social psychological theory
Ekkirala, Srinivas (2019). "The Voice Bystander Effect: How Information Redundancy Inhibits Employee Voice". Academy of Management Journal. 62 (3): 828–849
Bystander_effect
Comic genre
require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: redundancy is rampant in this article, and it should probably include some
Science_fiction_comics
Attack on Internet routing infrastructure
servers to allow multiple servers to use the same IP address, providing redundancy and a layer of protection against DoS attacks without publishing hundreds
BGP_hijacking
Code added to allow recovery of lost data
distributed storage systems where communication to maintain encoded redundancy is a problem. Erasure coding is now standard practice for reliable data storage
Erasure_code
Section of the computing environment that is negatively affected by a failure
a large section of a network, and eases the troubleshooting process. Redundancy within failure domains is a key approach to help mitigate the risks of
Failure_domain
Theoretical framework in physics
symmetry, but a reflection of the "redundancy" of the chosen mathematical description. To account for the gauge redundancy in the path integral formulation
Quantum_field_theory
Artificial intelligence field of study
Researchers in safety-critical AI have proposed using architectural redundancy and design diversity to reduce the risk that a single faulty, compromised
AI_safety
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
possible if the collisions are easy to find, as in the case of linear cyclic redundancy check (CRC) functions. Most cryptographic hash functions are designed
Cryptographic_hash_function
Technique for increasing rendering speed in computer graphics
can result in both redundancy and image error. These provide optimal visibility sets, where there is no image error and no redundancy. They are, however
Potentially_visible_set
Hypothesized risk to human existence
than biological neurons, enabling higher precision and requiring less redundancy. Duplicability: unlike human brains, AI software and models can be easily
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
Overview of computer engineering topics
multithreading Dependability Active redundancy Dual modular redundancy Triple modular redundancy High-availability Seamless Redundancy N-version programming RAID
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
by using an error correction code, or error correcting code (ECC). The redundancy allows the receiver not only to detect errors that may occur anywhere
Error_correction_code
Type of decentralized filesystem
systems can provide features like location-independent addressing and redundancy which improve reliability or reduce the complexity of the other parts
Clustered_file_system
Automotive technology
be developed especially for redundancy resolution inside a brake-by-wire system. Example of a solution for this problem: A fuzzy voter developed to fuse
Brake-by-wire
Aspect of cognitive load theory
retrieving and interpreting the problem. On the other hand, worked-out examples may constitute cognitive load and cause redundancy for learners with prior knowledge
Worked-example_effect
Form of shared internet-based computing
providers offer various redundancy options for core services, such as managed storage and managed databases, though redundancy configurations often vary
Cloud_computing
Data storage technology
are called RAID levels. RAID levels are distinguished by the amount of redundancy they afford and the minimum number of drives they require, as well as
RAID
Attack on disk encryption methods
Retrieved 2006-10-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: miscellaneous url (link) Markus Gattol. "Redundancy, the Watermarking Attack and its Countermeasures".
Watermarking_attack
Old form of chess
and pawn, are complementary to one another, and without any omission or redundancy occupy all available squares with respect to the central position of a
Shatranj
Single-engine, eight-seat utility helicopter manufactured by Leonardo
operators favoring lower running costs of a single-engine aircraft over the redundancy of a twin. The A119 designation was first applied to a proposed 11-seat
AgustaWestland_AW119_Koala
American computer scientist (1925–1999)
data compression. A Huffman code is very simple to design and has a data redundancy rate of less than one bit (or n-ary coded symbol if the coding is not
David_A._Huffman
Intelligence in machines
typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is also a field of research
Artificial_intelligence
Network switch
maximum of 6000 W (145 A @ 42 V). The 6500 supports dual power supplies for redundancy. These may be run in one of two modes: redundant or combined mode. When
Cisco_Catalyst_6500
Study of human body movement
could achieve that task. This redundancy appears at multiple levels in the chain of motor execution: Kinematic redundancy means that for a desired location
Kinesiology
Address resolution protocol for proxy servers
use is documented in RFC 1027. Redundancy ARP manipulation techniques are the basis for protocols providing redundancy on broadcast networks (e.g., Ethernet)
Proxy_ARP
Reduction of data redundancy
relational database in accordance with a series of normal forms to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer
Database_normalization
Symbol connecting formulas in logic
compound statements are logically equivalent. A less trivial example of a redundancy is the classical equivalence between ¬p∨q and p→q. Therefore, a classical-based
Logical_connective
Storage of digital data readable by computers
algorithms. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method is typically used in communications and storage for error detection. Redundancy solutions include storage
Computer_data_storage
FastICA Kernel principal component analysis Manifold alignment Minimum redundancy feature selection Non-negative matrix factorization Principal component
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Item sequences in computational linguistics
1157–1166. doi:10.1016/s0169-7552(97)00031-7. Shannon, Claude E. "The redundancy of English." Cybernetics; Transactions of the 7th Conference, New York:
N-gram
Average uncertainty in variable's states
symbols can be defined simply as being equal to its n-ary entropy. See also Redundancy (information theory). The characterization here imposes an additive property
Entropy_(information_theory)
Means by which a user interacts with and controls a machine
interfaces are user interfaces which address the information overload problem of the desktop metaphor by making tasks, not files, the primary unit of
User_interface
travel, tourism, insurance
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Problem
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Destroyer of Problems
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Away from all Problems
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Eternity; Problem Solver
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
People with this Name are Preferably Intelligent and Very Generous; Highly Knowledgeable in Problem Solving Skills
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Problem Solver
Surname or Lastname
English (of Welsh origin)
English (of Welsh origin) : variant of Powell, with redundant English patronymic -s.English : patronymic from Poul, a variant of the personal name Paul.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Problem solver
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
REDUNDANCY PROBLEM
travel, tourism, insurance