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Family of antimicrobial molecules
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (O2•−) produced via the enzymatic
Reactive_nitrogen_species
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) fluxes. Agricultural sources of reactive nitrogen can produce atmospheric emission of ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NO
Nitrogen_cycle
Reactive nitrogen ("Nr"), also known as fixed nitrogen, refers to all forms of nitrogen present in the environment except for molecular nitrogen (N 2)
Reactive_nitrogen
Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)
leaks. Atomic nitrogen, also known as active nitrogen, is highly reactive, being a triradical with three unpaired electrons. Free nitrogen atoms easily
Nitrogen
Compound containing nitrogen and oxygen
corresponding nitrates: TiI4 + 8 NO2 → Ti(NO3)4 + 4 NO + 2 I2 The reactivity of nitrogen dioxide toward organic compounds has long been known. For example
Nitrogen_dioxide
Environmental impact of agricultural and industrial nitrogen
be utilized in most biological processes, N2 must be converted to reactive nitrogen (Nr), which includes inorganic reduced forms (NH3 and NH4+), inorganic
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human_impact_on_the_nitrogen_cycle
Soil pollution crisis
of reactive nitrogen compounds, in particular ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ammonia is released into the air from animal manure, nitrogen oxides
Nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands
Nitrogen_crisis_in_the_Netherlands
Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
cell's high avidity for sugars. Reactive nitrogen species Reactive sulfur species Reactive carbonyl species Reactive oxygen species production in marine
Reactive_oxygen_species
Term for nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide
subtropical thunderstorms studied turned 7 kg (15 lb) of nitrogen into chemically reactive NOx. With 1.4 billion lightning flashes per year, multiplied
NOx
Chemical compound
product of tyrosine nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite anion and nitrogen dioxide. The phenol group in nitrotyrosine
Nitrotyrosine
Free radical toxicity
the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the
Oxidative_stress
Cultivation of crops in space
reactive nitrogen is lacking. Reactive nitrogen is a required constituent of soil used for plant growth, and it is possible that nitrogen fixing species
Space_farming
Bird nests made out of solidified swiftlet saliva, harvested for human consumption
University, Singapore has found that its redness is caused by the vapor of reactive nitrogen species in the atmosphere of the bird house or cave reacting with
Edible_bird's_nest
Class of enzymes
cells, causing cellular damage or even toxicity. Reactive nitrogen signaling, coupled with reactive oxygen species, have been found to be a central part
Xanthine_oxidase
Immune system chemical weapon
the generated reactive free radicals. There are three main pathways for the generation of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in
Respiratory_burst
Chemical ratio in organic materials
smashwords.com/books/view/905256. explains the need for nitrogen - and that considerable reactive nitrogen comes out of hydrocarbon reactions with air which
Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio
Ion
a structural isomer of nitrate, NO− 3. Peroxynitrite is a potent reactive nitrogen species and is highly cytotoxic. Peroxynitrite can be prepared by
Peroxynitrite
Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
phagosome. The bacteria also evades macrophage-killing by neutralizing reactive nitrogen intermediates. More recently, M. tuberculosis has been shown to secrete
Mycobacterium_tuberculosis
Time that has elapsed since a person has died
such as the levels of methane, phosphates and nitrates, ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen, volatile organic compounds, and water conductivity, could also reveal
Post-mortem_interval
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
damages in proliferating cells through their generation of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS are normally produced by these cells to
Inflammation
Chemical compound
experiments have not directly observed nitrogen pentahydride. It is only speculated that it may be a reactive intermediate based on reaction products
Nitrogen_pentahydride
Industrial process for ammonia production
contributors to a buildup of reactive nitrogen in the biosphere, causing an anthropogenic disruption to the nitrogen cycle. Since nitrogen use efficiency is typically
Haber_process
Topics referred to by the same term
proteins in the cell Nicotinamide riboside, a form of Vitamin B3 Reactive nitrogen (Nr) .nr, the top-level domain for Nauru New Radio, a fifth generation
NR
US atmospheric chemist and academic
planetary sciences at Brown University. Her research focuses on the reactive nitrogen cycle and how atmospheric chemistry affects climate. She is also the
Meredith_G._Hastings
Contamination of water bodies
Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-63485-188-6. "Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences,
Water_pollution
Chemical reaction which adds a nitro (–NO2) group onto a molecule
Menke nitration Zincke nitration Reactive nitrogen species *Schofield, K. (1971). Nitration and Aromatic Reactivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Nitration
oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Reactive oxygen species are produced by the enzyme
Arsenic_biochemistry
Segment of DNA bound to a cancer-causing chemical
oxidative stress. This can result in the formation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS are known to cause DNA
DNA_adduct
Nitrogen-based molecule
In chemistry, a nitrene or imene (R−:Ṅ·) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene. The nitrogen atom is uncharged and monovalent, so it has only 6 electrons
Nitrene
Chemical compound
Signaling Molecules Calcium Ion, Reactive Sulfur Species, Reactive Carbonyl Species, Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants", in
Xylenol_orange
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements
Fertilizer
Biological system in animals and plants for gas exchange
collectins, defensins and other peptides and proteases, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species. These secretions can act directly as antimicrobials
Respiratory_system
Species of bacteria
the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that cause DNA damage. The oxidative
Helicobacter_pylori
Dutch politician (born 1990)
food quality, the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), reactive nitrogen, and health care prevention. Van Campen was one of the lijstduwers
Thom_van_Campen
Agricultural method
Vaclav (2000). Cycles of Life. Scientific American Library. Chapter: Reactive nitrogen in the biosphere. ISBN 978-0-7167-6039-9. Miguel Angel Altieri; Clara
Intercropping
Planetary-scale changes in the Earth system
manufactured reactive nitrogen from fertilizer production and industry now exceeds global terrestrial production of reactive nitrogen. Without artificial
Global_change
Poisonous and flammable gas
mammalian physiology in three ways: by reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by binding or reduction of metal centers
Hydrogen_sulfide
Israeli biologist and academic
, & Milo, R. (2014). Land, irrigation water, greenhouse gas, and reactive nitrogen burdens of meat, eggs, and dairy production in the United States.
Ron_Milo
American academic journal
signaling and antioxidant research. It covers topics such as reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) as messengers gaseous signal transducers
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Antioxidants_&_Redox_Signaling
Agent directly involved in causing cancer
lithocholic acid (LCA) induce production of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species in human or animal colon cells. Furthermore,
Carcinogen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
known to be activated by a host of factors, including: Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, both formed endogenously in the cell as by-products
PGC-1α
Hormone released by the pineal gland
directly neutralizes various reactive oxygen species, including hydroxyl (OH•), superoxide (O2−•), and reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide
Melatonin
Study of DNA adducts
of oxidatively damaged DNA etc., or other reactive species, e.g., reactive nitrogen, sulphur, carbon, selenium, and halogen species. The term "adductome"
Adductome
Free-radical aging theory
There has been some evidence to suggest that free radicals and some reactive nitrogen species (RNS) trigger and increase cell death mechanisms within the
Free-radical_theory_of_aging
Colorless gas with the formula NO
oxide (nitrogen oxide, nitrogen mono-oxide, or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric
Nitric_oxide
Ecosystem ecologist
to greater soil frost, reducing nitrogen uptake rates in sugar maple trees. Templer also examines how reactive nitrogen in atmospheric deposition varies
Pamela_Templer
Canadian environmental chemist and academic
is known for her research on how air pollutants such as increased reactive nitrogen affect the global climate. In 2000, she graduated with honors at McGill
Jennifer_G._Murphy
Pharmaceutical compound
Mitochondrial dysfunction results in excessive production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, which causes redox imbalance and glutathione deficiency
Vatiquinone
cysteine residues. Reactive oxygen species Reactive nitrogen species Reactive carbonyl species Lau, Nathanael; Pluth, Michael D (2019). "Reactive sulfur species
Reactive_sulfur_species
Contamination of water by excessive inputs of nutrients
operations (CAFO), have added large quantities of reactive nitrogen to the biosphere. Globally, nitrogen balances are quite inefficiently distributed with
Nutrient_pollution
Chemical compound
inflammation because of the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) but not reactive oxygen species (ROS).[citation needed] Macrophages
Cucurbitacin_E
Any chemical compound having at least one nitrogen atom
explosive. Two series of nitrogen oxohalides are known: the nitrosyl halides (XNO) and the nitryl halides (XNO2). The first are very reactive gases that can be
Nitrogen_compounds
Agricultural technique
Vaclav (2000). Cycles of Life. Scientific American Library. Chapter: Reactive nitrogen in the biosphere. ISBN 978-0-7167-6039-9. "Cabbage caterpillars".
Companion_planting
Species of bacteria
Nitrosative stress generated by host immune cells in the form of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) represents an additional environmental signal shaping
Clostridioides_difficile
Substance that is not chemically reactive
right catalysts, nitrogen becomes more reactive; the Haber process uses such conditions to produce ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen. Inert atmospheres
Chemically_inert
Medical condition affecting newborn infants
proteins. Additionally, activated leukocytes and cytokines generate reactive nitrogen and oxygen species which have cytotoxic effects. Oxidative stress
Meconium_aspiration_syndrome
Variety of white blood cells
and glycosaminoglycans. Eosinophil peroxidase forms reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen intermediates that promote oxidative stress in the target
Eosinophil
Anaerobic respiration process by microbes
role, as well as their role in the marine nitrogen cycle. Unlike denitrification, which removes reactive nitrogen from the system under gaseous form (as
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium
Dissimilatory_nitrate_reduction_to_ammonium
Medical condition
and Ruminococcus are more abundant. The activation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species leads to oxidative stress for both host cells
Inflammatory_bowel_disease
Chemical compound
consisting of an unsaturated four-membered ring with three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. It is inherently unstable due to its 4π-electron antiaromatic character
Azete
Chemical compound
fluoride. It is far less reactive than the other nitrogen trihalides nitrogen trichloride, nitrogen tribromide, and nitrogen triiodide, all of which are
Nitrogen_trifluoride
Biogeochemical cycle
biomineralization, and ore forming processes are impacted by the reactive nitrogen-containing compounds. Gold is commonly incorporated in iron-sulfides
Gold_cycle
Chemical group (–ONO2)
widespread in the boundary layer, accounting for a large portion of total reactive nitrogen oxides in both urban and rural environments and across various hydrocarbon
Nitrate_ester
Central nervous system stimulant
activation, and modulating apoptotic signaling cascades and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Current models of addiction from chronic drug use involve
Methamphetamine
Diet focused on reducing climate footprint
Milo, R. (2014-07-21). "Land, irrigation water, greenhouse gas, and reactive nitrogen burdens of meat, eggs, and dairy production in the United States"
Climatarian_diet
Anticipated manure surplus crisis in the Netherlands
its reactive nitrogen contents. Grasslands, especially prevalent among dairy farmers and fast-growing in the Dutch climate, absorb more nitrogen compared
Dutch_manure_crisis
Chemical compound
Dichloramine (IUPAC name: Azonous dichloride) is a reactive inorganic compound with the chemical formula NHCl2. It is one of the three chloramines of ammonia
Dichloramine
Biological process of increasing toxicity
Panzella, Lucia (2011-09-30). "Secondary Targets of Nitrite-Derived Reactive Nitrogen Species: Nitrosation/Nitration Pathways, Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
Toxication
preventing Parkinson's disease because they scavenge free radicals such as reactive nitrogen and oxygen, preventing their build-up and the destruction of dopamine-producing
Dietary management of Parkinson's disease
Dietary_management_of_Parkinson's_disease
Antimicrobial agent that inactivates or destroys microbes
ionized gas that remains at room temperature. It generates reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species that interact with bacterial wall and membrane and
Disinfectant
Chemical element with atomic number 18 (Ar)
nitrogen disappeared when the gas was examined. The remaining oxygen was reacted with alkaline pyrogallate to leave behind an apparently non-reactive
Argon
Earth's dry surface
Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2009. "Reactive Nitrogen in the United States: An Analysis of Inputs, Flows, Consequences,
Land
Alveolar macrophages whose characteristics have been affected by smoking
long-term smoking, the inactivation of JNK reduces the levels of reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines with more M2-like phenotype
Smoker's_macrophages
Protein found in humans
calpains, and nitration, probably through nitric oxide (NO) or other reactive nitrogen species that are present during inflammation, all modify synuclein
Alpha-synuclein
Chemical compound
to the HAP PR-104A in the body. PR-104A is in turn metabolised to reactive nitrogen mustard DNA crosslinking agents in hypoxic tissues such as found in
PR-104
Bile acid
Secondary bile acids increase intracellular production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species resulting in increased oxidative stress and DNA
Deoxycholic_acid
Branch of soil science
Reactive nitrogen is part of the material in the Solar System and is part of solar wind, a source of reactive nitrogen on the Moon and Mars. Reactive
Astropedology
Endosymbiotic bacterium or fungus
increased mycorrhizal associations through root colonization, and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Specific endophyte species can also stimulate root
Endophyte
Biochemistry researcher, academic
antioxidants in vivo, methods for the specific detection of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species in vivo and their application to human disease,
Barry_Halliwell
Strong explosion observed on stars
atmosphere they cause ionisation that creates nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species, which then precipitate out in the form of nitrates. Since
Superflare
related to the development of neurotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species Reactive sulfur species Reactive nitrogen species Bellier, Justine; Nokin, Marie-Julie;
Reactive_carbonyl_species
nitrogen trioxide (NO3). Although it is short-lived in the presence of sunlight, NO3 plays an active role in the chemistry of other reactive nitrogen
SAGE_III_on_ISS
Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
of carbon dioxide) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (the breaking apart of diatomic nitrogen (N2) to reactive nitrogen atoms). Hydrogen peroxide is used
Catalase
Brown smoke released by burning organic matter
SEAC4RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Brown_carbon
Provision of nutrients to the upper layers of the oceans
Lawrence, Martin W. (2014). "Efficiency of carbon sequestration by added reactive nitrogen in ocean fertilisation". International Journal of Global Warming.
Ocean_fertilization
Part of the pelagic zone
in which nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas, resulting in a loss to the ocean reservoir of reactive nitrogen. At the suboxic interface that occurs
Mesopelagic_zone
oxide MeSH D01.650.550.587 – nitrogen oxides MeSH D01.650.550.587.600 – nitric oxide MeSH D01.650.550.587.625 – nitrogen dioxide MeSH D01.650.550.587
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D01)
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
(bromos) 'stench', referring to its sharp and pungent smell. Elemental bromine is very reactive and thus does not occur as a free element in nature. Instead, it can be
Bromine
Group 15 elements of the periodic table with valency 5
table. Group 15 is also known as the nitrogen group or nitrogen family. Group 15 consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony
Pnictogen
Colourless non-flammable greenhouse gas
laughing gas or nitrous, among others, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N2O. At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable
Nitrous_oxide
Method of thin film application
that the particles undergo is with a reactive gas introduced into the sputtering chamber such as oxygen or nitrogen, enabling the production of oxide and
Sputter_deposition
Dutch Greenpeace director and politician
to become more sustainable. To aid the reduction of reactive nitrogen emissions in the nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands, the government maintained
Joris_Thijssen
Chemical compound
chemical formula P 2. Unlike nitrogen, its lighter pnictogen neighbor which forms a stable N2 molecule with a nitrogen to nitrogen triple bond, phosphorus
Diphosphorus
Formation of cancer
favors the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The substantial presence of ROS/RNS
Carcinogenesis
Iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers
remotely controlled by external electromagnetic field reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-mediated local toxicity in the tumor
Iron_oxide_nanoparticle
Topics referred to by the same term
piracy organisation RNS formalism in the string theory of physics Reactive nitrogen species Regulatory News Service Religion News Service Rennes - Saint-Jacques
RNS
Chemical compound
(also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family
Dinitrogen_pentoxide
Solid form of the 7th element
Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research,
Solid_nitrogen
Economic effect
of environmental use (e.g. land, water, timber), pollution (e.g. reactive nitrogen), or socioeconomis impacts (e.g. child labor, labor accidents, gender
Spillover_(economics)
Physical phenomenon
surface is at room temperature but the liquid is cryogenic, allowing liquid nitrogen droplets to harmlessly roll off exposed skin. Conversely, the inverse Leidenfrost
Leidenfrost_effect
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