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Type of engine
A reaction engine is an engine or motor that produces thrust by expelling reaction mass (reaction propulsion), in accordance with Newton's third law of
Reaction_engine
British aerospace company based in Oxfordshire, England
Reaction Engines Limited (REL) was a British aerospace manufacturer founded in 1989 and based in Oxfordshire, England. The company also operated in the
Reaction_Engines
Proposed hybrid ramjet and rocket engine
Rocket Engine) was a concept under development by Reaction Engines Limited for a hypersonic precooled hybrid air-breathing rocket engine. The engine was
SABRE_(rocket_engine)
Machine that converts one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy (of motion)
crankshaft. Unlike internal combustion engines, a reaction engine (such as a jet engine) produces thrust by expelling reaction mass, in accordance with Newton's
Engine
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
rocket engine, also known as a rocket motor, is a reaction engine, producing thrust in accordance with Newton's third law by ejecting reaction mass rearward
Rocket_engine
Aircraft engine that produces thrust by emitting a jet of gas
A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this
Jet_engine
Jet engine
The Reaction Engines Scimitar is a derivative of the SABRE engine technology, but intended for jet airliners (the Reaction Engines LAPCAT A2 concept),
Reaction_Engines_Scimitar
Single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane
a reusable single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane by the British company Reaction Engines Limited, using SABRE, a combined-cycle, air-breathing rocket propulsion
Skylon_(spacecraft)
with large take-off mass. Precooled jet engine Reaction Engines SABRE Reaction Engines A2 Liquid air cycle engine Coppinger, Robert ‘Rob’ (23 October 2007)
LAPCAT
Thrust produced by ejecting a jet of fluid
the opposite direction to the jet. Reaction engines operating on the principle of jet propulsion include the jet engine used for aircraft propulsion, the
Jet_propulsion
Engine designed for use in powered aircraft
An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Aircraft using power components are
Aircraft_engine
Rocket engine
The Reaction Motors LR99 engine was the first large, throttleable, restartable liquid-propellant rocket engine. Development began in the 1950s by the Reaction
Reaction_Motors_XLR99
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
chamber. The Reaction Engines Scimitar was proposed for the LAPCAT hypersonic airliner, and the Reaction Engines SABRE for the Reaction Engines Skylon spaceplane
Ramjet
Dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a propelled vehicle
of thrust to weight of a reaction engine or a vehicle with such an engine. Reaction engines include jet engines, rocket engines, pump-jets, Hall-effect
Thrust-to-weight_ratio
Early Soviet rocket laboratory
equipped with ZHRD. The engine was designed by RNII; 1943–1944 – a number of experimental ballistic and cruise missiles and engines were developed; 1942–1944
Reactive Scientific Research Institute
Reactive_Scientific_Research_Institute
Chemical substance used for propulsion
In vehicles, the engine that expels the propellant is called a reaction engine. Although technically a propellant is the reaction mass used to create
Propellant
Rocket engine
first liquid-propellant rocket engine developed in the United States for use in aircraft. It was designed and built by Reaction Motors Inc., and used ethyl
Reaction_Motors_XLR11
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
Some designs for SSTO attempt to use airbreathing jet engines that collect oxidizer and reaction mass from the atmosphere to reduce the take-off weight
Single-stage-to-orbit
Proposed spacelaunch method
link] Kolm, H.; et al. (1980). "Electromagnetic Guns, Launchers, and Reaction Engines". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Compare: Henson, Keith; Henson
Mass_driver
UK spaceplane design of the 1980s
Reaction Engines Limited (REL) to develop and produce Skylon, a proposed spacecraft based on HOTOL technologies, including its air-breathing engine.
British_Aerospace_HOTOL
British rocket scientist
director of Reaction Engines Ltd and associated with Project Daedalus, Blue Streak missile, HOTOL, Reaction Engines Skylon and the Reaction Engines A2 hypersonic
Alan_Bond_(engineer)
Type of spacecraft maneuver
efficiency is explained by the Oberth effect, wherein the use of a reaction engine at higher speeds (relative to any reference frame) generates a greater
Oberth_effect
Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
mercury and caesium as the reaction mass. SERT-2A, launched on 4 February 1970, verified the operation of two mercury ion engines for thousands of running
Ion_thruster
Simplest known jet propulsion device
from other reaction engine types such as rockets, turbojets, and ramjets, which are all constant combustion devices. All other reaction engines are driven
Valveless_pulsejet
Defunct American rocket engine company
Reaction Motors, Inc. (RMI) was an early American maker of liquid-fueled rocket engines, located in New Jersey. RMI engines with 6,000 lbf (27 kN) thrust
Reaction_Motors
Under-development supersonic airliner
2022 redesign specified four medium bypass (non-afterburning) turbofan engines, each reportedly producing 180 kilonewtons (40,000 pounds-force) of thrust
Boom_Overture
Type of rocket engine fuel
developed engines powered by aniline and red fuming nitric acid. Robert Goddard, Reaction Motors, and Curtiss-Wright worked on aniline/nitric acid engines in
Hypergolic_propellant
Type of reciprocating heat engine
exothermic reactions not involving combustion; they are not then strictly classed as external combustion engines, but as external thermal engines. The working
External_combustion_engine
Rocket engine operation method
as the GG cycle, is one of the most commonly used engine cycles in bipropellant liquid rocket engines. Propellant is burned in a gas generator (analogous
Gas-generator_cycle
Proposed spacecraft propulsion method
rocket (RAIR). The RAIR carries its nuclear fuel supply and exhausts the reaction products to produce some of its thrust. However it greatly enhances its
Bussard_ramjet
Rocket engine that uses both liquid / gaseous and solid fuel
engines on the first stage and one engine on the second stage and will be capable of delivering a payload of 50–150 kg to LEO. In May 2022, Reaction Dynamics
Hybrid-propellant_rocket
Rocket engine operation method
FFSC engines belong to a broader class of rocket engines called gas-gas engines. Full gasification of components leads to faster chemical reactions in the
Staged_combustion_cycle
Rocket engine that uses liquid fuels and oxidizers
orbital maneuvering system (OMS) engines and Reaction control system (RCS) thrusters. SpaceX's Draco and SuperDraco engines for the Dragon spacecraft. For
Liquid-propellant_rocket
Gas turbine used to spin a shaft
turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine that is optimized to produce shaft horsepower rather than jet thrust. In concept, turboshaft engines are very
Turboshaft
Airliner faster than the speed of sound
turbine engine to a combination afterburner/ramjet at the rear. It would need advanced cooling technology like the heat exchanger developed by Reaction Engines
Supersonic_transport
Supersonic turbofan engine design
as the engine's test site. Boom is investing $3-5 million into the former Reaction Engines site to prepare it for Symphony engine testing. Engine design
Boom_Symphony
Type of jet engine
An airbreathing jet engine (or ducted jet engine) is a jet engine in which the exhaust gas which supplies jet propulsion is atmospheric air, which is
Airbreathing_jet_engine
Type of electric propulsion
propulsion engine is a type of electric propulsion that generates thrust from a quasi-neutral plasma. This is in contrast with ion thruster engines, which
Plasma_propulsion_engine
Mass against which a system operates
Working mass, also referred to as reaction mass, is a mass against which a system operates in order to produce acceleration. In the case of a chemical
Working_mass
Russian anti submarine rocket launcher
(Russian: Реактивно-Бомбовая Установка, Reaktivno-Bombovaja Ustanovka; reaction engine-bomb installation & Смерч; waterspout) is an anti-submarine rocket
RBU-1200
Nuclear spacecraft propulsion technology
rocket (NTR) is a type of thermal rocket where the heat from a nuclear reaction replaces the chemical energy of the propellants in a chemical rocket. In
Nuclear_thermal_rocket
Engine where combustion is pulsed instead of continuous
A pulsejet engine (or pulse jet) is a type of jet engine in which combustion occurs in pulses. A pulsejet engine can be made with few or no moving parts
Pulsejet
Type of rocket engine which uses liquid fuel stored at very low temperatures
A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel and oxidizer; that is, both its fuel and oxidizer are gases which have been liquefied
Cryogenic_rocket_engine
Spacecraft propulsion device
of a reaction control system. A vernier thruster or gimbaled engine are particular cases used on launch vehicles where a secondary rocket engine or other
Thrusters_(spacecraft)
Swedish video game developer and publisher
company that includes Avalanche Studios, Expansive Worlds, and Systemic Reaction. Founded by Linus Blomberg and Christofer Sundberg in March 2003, Avalanche
Avalanche_Studios_Group
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
vehicle that uses a rocket engine to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high
Rocket
American startup airliner company
with an advanced engine based on the Pratt & Whitney F100. Quarterhorse Mk 2 is expected to hit speeds greater than Mach 2.5. The engine adds a precooler
Hermeus
Speed that exceeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5 and above)
Unmanned combat aerial vehicle (In development) Engines Rocket engine Ramjet Scramjet Reaction Engines SABRE, LAPCAT (design studies) Missiles 3M22 Zircon
Hypersonic_speed
Method used to accelerate spacecraft
providing the energy, and the reaction products are allowed to flow out of the engine nozzle, providing the reaction mass. In an ion thruster, electricity
Spacecraft_propulsion
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
ramjet engine. For a scramjet, the kinetic energy of the freestream air entering the scramjet engine is comparable to the energy released by the reaction of
Scramjet
Rocket driven by nuclear fusion power
fusion reaction cannot be produced, it might be possible to use fusion to boost the efficiency of another propulsion system, such as a VASIMR engine.[citation
Fusion_rocket
Reactive force occurring with every action (Newton's 3rd law of motion)
non-inertial reference frames. Ground reaction force Reactive centrifugal force Isaac Newton Ibn Bajjah Reaction engine/jet engine Shear force Taylor, John R. (2005)
Reaction_(physics)
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
by burning its entire fuel load. Delta-v is produced by reaction engines, such as rocket engines, and is proportional to the thrust per unit mass and the
Delta-v
US Air Force hypersonic aircraft concept
DARPA Falcon Project MD-22 Prompt Global Strike Reaction Engines Scimitar Tupolev Tu-360 The SR-71's engines shifted to low-speed ramjets by redirecting airflow
Lockheed_Martin_SR-72
Topics referred to by the same term
in the reaction control system, or long-duration, low-thrust acceleration. Reaction engine Rocket engine, using exothermic chemical reactions of the propellant(s)
Thruster
Hypothetical spacecraft propulsion through continuous nuclear explosions for thrust
to be run within a large electromagnet that formed the rocket engine. After the reaction, ignited by electron beams, the magnet funnelled the hot gas to
Nuclear_pulse_propulsion
Type of propelling nozzle
rocket motor Reaction Engines Skylon – a single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane powered by hybrid air-breathing/internal-oxygen engine (Reaction Engines SABRE) Rocket
Rocket_engine_nozzle
British engineer (born 1961)
engineer, famous as the former Chief Designer (Technical Director) at Reaction Engines Limited. He was born in Hammersmith in west London. He is the son of
Richard_Varvill
Proposed rocket propulsion mechanism
contents would not reach critical mass until the solution is pumped into a reaction chamber, thus reaching a critical mass, and being expelled through a nozzle
Nuclear_salt-water_rocket
Airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft
The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a propelling nozzle. The gas turbine
Turbojet
Type of spacecraft propulsion system
hybrid nuclear-electric engine design, which would have been able to work both in open-cycle mode as a nuclear thermal engine during mission phases requiring
Nuclear_electric_rocket
Chemical or mixture used in a rocket engine
Rocket propellant is used as a reaction mass ejected from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the propellants themselves
Rocket_propellant
Soviet supersonic passenger airliner
faster than the Concorde (M2.15 vs. M2.04). Concorde used an electronic engine control package from Lucas, which Tupolev was not permitted to purchase
Tupolev_Tu-144
Rocket that burns 3 propellants at once or 2 fuels with an oxidizer, sequentially
with the oxidizer provides activation energy needed for a more energetic reaction between the oxidizer and the metal. While theoretical modeling of these
Tripropellant_rocket
Hypothetical type of spacecraft
hexafluoride and allow the light to heat reaction mass in a rocket or to generate electricity using a heat engine or photovoltaics. Like all nuclear rocket
Nuclear_lightbulb
Change in velocity per amount of fuel
pound-mass of fuel can produce one pound-force of thrust. Reaction engines, such as rockets and jet engines propel a vehicle by expelling mass in one direction
Specific_impulse
Engine that uses steam to perform mechanical work
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure
Steam_engine
Propulsion system creating motion without propellant
microwave-cavity thrusters such as the EmDrive and Cannae drive, the helical engine, Mach-effect or MEGA drives, quantum drive claims, and the quantum vacuum
Reactionless_drive
Rocket engine operation method
the Reaction Control (RCS) and the Orbital Maneuvering (OMS) engines of the Space Shuttle orbiter; the RCS and Service Propulsion System (SPS) engines on
Pressure-fed_engine
1986 novel by Donald Kingsbury
deceleration track. The station vents gas into the airscoop of an 'impact reaction engine', which uses inverted aerobraking to match speed with the station.
The_Moon_Goddess_and_the_Son
British aerospace engineer
attachment of satellites and other spacecraft. Hempsell formerly worked at Reaction Engines Limited, where he was a member of the board of directors as the Future
Mark_Hempsell
Type of rocket engine
The aerospike engine is a type of rocket engine that maintains its aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of altitudes. It belongs to the class of
Aerospike_engine
Aircraft that travels faster than the speed of sound
Generation Supersonic Transport, Tupolev Tu-444, Gulfstream X-54, LAPCAT, Reaction Engines LAPCAT A2, Zero Emission Hyper Sonic Transport, SpaceLiner, etc.) were
Supersonic_aircraft
Aircraft takeoff and landing class
exploration module (LEM), which had to rely on a reaction engine to land on the Moon. The idea of using the same engine for vertical and horizontal flight by altering
V/STOL
his invention with the French journalist Just Buisson [fr; ro] of a reaction engine. It used rocket propulsion and was briefly used to power a boat, demonstrated
Alexandru_Ciurcu
Trijet supersonic demonstrator aircraft
Overture supersonic transport airliner. Powered by three General Electric J85 engines, it was initially designed to maintain a speed of Mach 2.2, with over 1
Boom_XB-1
Type of jet engine
A motorjet is a rudimentary type of jet engine which is sometimes referred to as thermojet, a term now commonly used to describe a particular and completely
Motorjet
Amateur experimental rocket group
The Reaction Research Society (not to be confused with UK-based Reaction Engines) is the oldest continuously operating amateur experimental rocket group
Reaction_Research_Society
Physical and science fiction concept
v t e Spacecraft propulsion Concepts Rocket Rocket engine Reaction engine Reaction mass Thrust Specific impulse Delta-v Staging Rocket equation Propellantless
Anti-gravity
Experimental supersonic aircraft for NASA
F414-GE-100 engine on the X-59, which took place at Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works in Palmdale, California early November 2022. The engine is 13 feet (4
Lockheed_Martin_X-59_Quesst
Canadian aerospace launch vehicle company
hybrid rocket engines. The first suborbital flight of Aurora was planned for 2025, followed by an orbital flight targeted for 2028. Reaction Dynamics was
Reaction_Dynamics_(company)
Rocket engine operation method
The electric-pump-fed engine is a bipropellant rocket engine in which the fuel pumps are electrically powered, and so all of the input propellant is directly
Electric-pump-fed_engine
Official efforts to develop space capabilities
orbit spaceplane concept called Skylon. This design was developed by Reaction Engines Limited, a company founded by Alan Bond after HOTOL was cancelled.
British_space_programme
Type of aircraft engine
A propfan, also called a propjet, an open rotor engine, or an open fan engine, is an aircraft engine combining features of turbofans and turboprops. It
Propfan
Type of airplane
a Britten-Norman Islander retrofit. Reaction Engines Skylon, orbital hydrogen fuelled spaceplane. Reaction Engines A2, antipodal hypersonic jet airliner
Hydrogen-powered_aircraft
Proposed nuclear pulse propulsion through antimatter-catalyzed nuclear chain reactions
antimatter into a mass of nuclear fuel to initiate or enhance a nuclear chain reaction for propulsion especially when the fuel is subcritical. Typical nuclear
Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion
Antimatter-catalyzed_nuclear_pulse_propulsion
American startup supersonic aircraft company
former Reaction Engines hypersonic test facility at Colorado Air and Space Port, to serve as the dedicated test site for the Symphony engine. Boom Supersonic
Boom_Technology
British defence, security and aerospace company
Experimental Aircraft Depot Lang Propellers Reaction Engines Reid and Sigrist Rollason Aircraft and Engines Royal Aircraft Establishment Saunders-Roe Scottish
BAE_Systems
British–French supersonic airliner
powered by four Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593 turbojets with variable engine intake ramps, and reheat for take-off and acceleration to supersonic speed
Concorde
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion. The word "turbofan" is a combination of references to the preceding generation engine technology
Turbofan
air turbine – Ramjet – Reaction engine – Reaction propulsion – Ready room – Rearward visibility panels – Reciprocating engines – Red square – Reduced-gravity
Index_of_aviation_articles
Methanation process of carbon dioxide with hydrogen
The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally
Sabatier_reaction
Rocket-powered aircraft and spaceplane operated by the US Air Force and NASA
rocket engine. The X-15 was built by two manufacturers: North American Aviation was contracted for the airframe in November 1955, and Reaction Motors
North_American_X-15
Italian mechanical engineer
interplanetary flight and its prospects. He developed a special double-reaction engine, wrote extensively on multi-stage rockets and published two books on
Luigi_Gussalli
Gunboat of the Royal Navy
fire-tube boilers fed from six furnaces. The horizontal Ruthven "hydraulic reaction engine" was manufactured by J & W Dudgeon and comprised a wheel 14 feet 6 inches
HMS_Waterwitch_(1866)
Conceptual rocket engine
Fusion Drive (DFD) is a conceptual, low radioactivity, nuclear-fusion rocket engine, designed to produce both thrust and electric power, suitable for interplanetary
Direct_Fusion_Drive
precooler technology for the engine design had been demonstrated and test flights were expected within a decade. Reaction Engines Limited fell into administration
Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom
Airport in Colorado, United States
company Reaction Engines began construction of a test facility at Colorado Air and Space Port for the development of its SABRE air-breathing rocket engine. By
Colorado_Air_and_Space_Port
Type of nuclear propulsion method with an ultra high specific-inpulse
The fission-fragment rocket is a rocket engine design that directly harnesses hot nuclear fission products for thrust, as opposed to using a separate fluid
Fission-fragment_rocket
Electrothermal thruster in development
accelerate the expanding plasma, generating thrust. It is a plasma propulsion engine, one of several types of spacecraft electric propulsion systems. The VASIMR
Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket
Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket
REACTION ENGINE
REACTION ENGINE
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Creation
Boy/Male
Tamil
Srinjan | à®·à¯à®°à¯€Â நà¯à®œà®¨Â
Creation
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Girl/Female
Tamil
Nirmiti | நிரà¯à®®à®¿à®¤à®¿Â
Creation
Nirmiti | நிரà¯à®®à®¿à®¤à®¿Â
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Creation
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Creation
Boy/Male
Tamil
Creation
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Creation
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Creation
Boy/Male
Hindu
Creation
Girl/Female
Indian, Jain, Telugu
Creation
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Creation
Girl/Female
Tamil
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Creation
Utpatti | உதà¯à®ªà®¤à¯à®¤à®¿
Girl/Female
Hindu
Creation
Girl/Female
Indian
Creation
Boy/Male
Tamil
Relation
Boy/Male
British, English, Indian, Russian
Work
Girl/Female
Hindu
Creation
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Creation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Srijana | à®·à¯à®°à¯€à®œà®¾à®¨à®¾
Creation
Srijana | à®·à¯à®°à¯€à®œà®¾à®¨à®¾
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Creation
REACTION ENGINE
REACTION ENGINE
Girl/Female
German
Snake.
Boy/Male
Hindu
God
Boy/Male
Muslim
Victory
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Diamond
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the numerous places named Twyford, for example in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Derbyshire, Hampshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Middlesex, and Norfolk, from Old English twī- ‘double’ + ford ‘ford’.
Girl/Female
Tamil
A season, Lioness
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Cornwall)
English (mainly Cornwall) : unexplained. Compare Crego.
Male
Swiss
, supplanter.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
Oneself; Alone
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Indian, Latin, Polish, Swedish
Venerable; Holy; Form of Augustus; Revered; Exalted; Worthy of Respect; Dignified; Month of the Sun; Summer; One of the Months in the Twelve Months
REACTION ENGINE
REACTION ENGINE
REACTION ENGINE
REACTION ENGINE
REACTION ENGINE
n.
Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action.
n.
The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction.
n.
Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness; rest; inertness.
n.
A right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim.
n.
Previous action.
v. t.
The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from alcohol.
n.
Corresponding relation.
n.
Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship; relationship; as, the relation of parents and children.
n.
The act of retracting or shortening; as, the retraction of a severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew.
n.
An action induced by vital resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock.
a.
Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of reaction.
n.
Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.
n.
The act of cutting, or separation by cutting; as, the section of bodies.
n.
Mutual action and reaction.
n.
The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe reaction, Flame reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame.
n.
The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws.
n.
The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction of a muscle.
n.
The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical refraction.
n.
An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial action.
n.
The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province.