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Discrimination in basis of race and ethnicity
Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their race, ancestry, ethnic or national origin, and/or skin color
Racial_discrimination
1969 United Nations human rights instrument
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination
Race or ethnic-based discrimination
shared ancestry or shared behavior). Racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent
Racism
Topics referred to by the same term
Racial Discrimination Act may refer to: Racial Discrimination Act 1975 – an act passed by the Australian Parliament making racial discrimination unlawful
Racial_Discrimination_Act
Racial discrimination in jury selection is specifically prohibited by law in many jurisdictions throughout the world. In the United States, it has been
Racial discrimination in jury selection
Racial_discrimination_in_jury_selection
Formal racial discrimination was largely banned by the mid-20th century, becoming perceived as socially and morally unacceptable over time. Racial politics
Racism_in_the_United_States
Australian law
The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government
Racial Discrimination Act 1975
Racial_Discrimination_Act_1975
Form of discrimination
terms than racial terms. The key issue in the debate on employment discrimination is the persistence of discrimination, namely, why discrimination persists
Employment_discrimination
Racial discrimination in Laos, as well as other human rights violations towards minorities exists, according to international reports, despite Laos being
Racial_discrimination_in_Laos
1987 United States Supreme Court case
Court case in which the Court held that Jewish people can file racial discrimination suits. Under the terms of the decision, ethnoreligious groups, those
Shaare Tefila Congregation v. Cobb
Shaare_Tefila_Congregation_v._Cobb
Prejudicial treatment based on membership in a certain group
Discrimination typically leads to groups being unfairly treated on the basis of perceived statuses of characteristics, for example ethnic, racial, gender
Discrimination
Form of prejudice or discrimination
another or the belief in racial supremacy, colorism deals with in-group discrimination in addition to between-group discrimination. Research has uncovered
Discrimination based on skin tone
Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The 1998 Report of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination found that the Convention
Racism_in_Israel
Pseudoscientific justification for racism
empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Modern scientific consensus rejects
Scientific_racism
International Day of Observance
The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed annually on 21 March since declared by the United Nations in 1966. In South
International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
International_Day_for_the_Elimination_of_Racial_Discrimination
Form of unequal treatment
Sentencing disparity or sentencing discrimination is defined as "a form of unequal treatment in criminal punishment". Two judges could be faced with a
Sentencing_disparity
Opposition to racism
privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts
Anti-racism
Term used to describe race relations in Brazil
relations in Brazil argue that the country has escaped racism and racial discrimination. Those researchers cite the fact that most Brazilians claim not
Racial_democracy
American multinational law firm
represents Hillcrest Country Club in an ongoing lawsuit alleging racial discrimination. Matthew Winnick, son of deceased billionaire Gary Winnick, alleges
Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart
Ogletree,_Deakins,_Nash,_Smoak_&_Stewart
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, belief, sex, or social status, Japan does not have a comprehensive civil law which prohibits racial, ethnic
Racism_in_Japan
does define "racial discrimination": According to the 1965 UN International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, "...the term
Racism_in_Thailand
Italian state body established in 2003
The National Office Against Racial Discrimination (Italian: Ufficio Nazionale Antidiscriminazioni Razziali), also known by the acronym UNAR, is an Italian
National Office Against Racial Discrimination
National_Office_Against_Racial_Discrimination
The Convention against Discrimination in Education adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 aims to combat discrimination and racial segregation in education
Discrimination_in_education
Honorific for an unmarried woman
person by her or his first name in a formal context was "a form of racial discrimination." Fräulein, the German equivalent of Miss Fröken, an archaic Swedish
Miss
Housing discrimination became more pronounced after the abolition of slavery in 1865, typically as part of Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation
Housing discrimination in the United States
Housing_discrimination_in_the_United_States
communities. Throughout the 20th century, racial discrimination was deliberate and intentional. Today, racial segregation and division result from policies
Racial segregation in the United States
Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States
Declaration adopted in 1963 by the United Nations General Assembly
The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is a human rights proclamation issued by the United Nations General Assembly
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination
Former American financial services company
holder, attempted to deposit checks received as a settlement in a racial discrimination lawsuit. The branch manager was unable to validate the checks and
TCF_Financial_Corporation
Law-enforcement practice
have "reported experiencing racial discrimination in the form of racial slurs, violence, threats, and harassment." Racial profiling has roots in slavery
Racial_profiling
labour abuse, including "wage theft, unsafe working conditions, racial discrimination, and substandard living conditions." Human Rights Watch (HRW) describes
Discrimination in Saudi Arabia
Discrimination_in_Saudi_Arabia
Section of an Australian racial vilification law
Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, deals with offensive behaviour "because of race, colour or national or ethnic origin" in Australia
Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975
Section_18C_of_the_Racial_Discrimination_Act_1975
filed a case with the Quebec Human Rights Commission based racial and gender discrimination. She won her case and was awarded $14,500 in damages. First
Discrimination based on hair texture
Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture
Race or ethnic separation in daily life
apartheid Discrimination Discrimination based on skin tone Ethnic nationalism Ethnocentrism Nationalism Nativism (politics) Racial discrimination Racial hierarchy
Racial_segregation
Former British non-departmental public body
for Racial Equality (CRE) was a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom which aimed to address racial discrimination and promote racial equality
Commission for Racial Equality
Commission_for_Racial_Equality
Health based on racial identity
September 2014). "Depression in Racial and Ethnic Minorities: the Impact of Nativity and Discrimination". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Race_and_health
Elimination of Racial Discrimination reported that PRC law does not properly define "racial discrimination" and it also lacks an anti-racial discrimination law in
Racism_in_China
the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia v. Azerbaijan) is a court case at The International Court
Republic of Armenia v. Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic_of_Armenia_v._Republic_of_Azerbaijan
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain
SARS
Sociological and legal term for disregard of race
racial discrimination. The term metaphorically references the medical phenomenon of color blindness. Psychologists and sociologists also study racial
Racial_color_blindness
Elimination of Racial Discrimination reported in 2018 that Chinese law does not define "racial discrimination" and lacks an anti-racial discrimination law in
Racism_in_Asia
the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination as of 14 May 2026[update]. Racism in Africa Racism in Algeria Racism
Racism_by_country
spectrum of political values in the state. The historical policies of racial discrimination have had long-term effects on Oregon's population. A 1994 report
History_of_Oregon
French politician and writer (born 1958)
deliberately replaced by Muslims. Zemmour was fined for incitement to racial discrimination in 2011 and for incitement of hate against Muslims in 2018. He appealed
Éric_Zemmour
Numerical requirements for hiring members of a particular racial group
graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation
Racial_quota
society (paras. 89-92). The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) examines regular reports of the member States on how the
Human_rights_in_Estonia
prohibited all forms of racial segregation in all countries. There is a consensus among publicists that the prohibition of racial discrimination, irrespective of
Racism_in_Palestine
American actress (born 1984)
The Rookie. In 2019, Williamson quit the show citing claims of racial discrimination, sexual harassment, and assault. TVLine had reported that Williamson
Afton_Williamson
Race laws promulgated in Fascist Italy (1938–1944)
to 1944 in order to enforce racial discrimination and segregation in the Kingdom of Italy. The main victims of the Racial Laws were Italian Jews and the
Italian_racial_laws
Healthcare phenomenon
marginalized, and lower-status groups (e.g. racial and sexual minorities). Research on the relationship between discrimination and health grew in the 1990s, when
Psychological impact of discrimination on health
Psychological_impact_of_discrimination_on_health
Discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group
Americans would likewise be disadvantaged by pervasive racial discrimination in society. Critics of racial preferences in affirmative action such as William
Reverse_discrimination
American soldier and failed defector to North Korea
becoming "disillusioned with the inequality of American society and racial discrimination in its Army". King was detained by North Korea on July 18, 2023
Travis_King
minorities in Iran face discrimination because of their ethnicity." In 2010, The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) of the UN urged
Racism_in_Iran
Grouping by physical or social qualities
have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals
Race_(human_categorization)
American bank based in Louisiana
large crop loans. For the Provosts, who say they suffered decades of discrimination, this could be the end of the line". The Guardian. Business data for
First_Guaranty_Bank
The English Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage. This bias partially stems from an under-representation of
Racial_bias_on_Wikipedia
these people were forced into beggary due to the lack of jobs and racial discrimination. Owners of African slaves in England would advertise slave-sales
Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom
American chain of gas stations
by EEOC for Disability Discrimination". US EEOC. Retrieved 2026-06-13. "Jacksons Food Sued by EEOC for Disability Discrimination for the Second Time".
Jacksons_Food_Stores
in UK over racial discrimination claims". CNN. Lomas, Natasha (October 5, 2021). "Uber faces legal action in UK over racial discrimination claims". TechCrunch
Controversies surrounding Uber
Controversies_surrounding_Uber
Identity development process
frustration for the multiracial individual affecting their mental health. Racial Discrimination has affected the mental health of many multiracial individuals.
Biracial and multiracial identity development
Biracial_and_multiracial_identity_development
American football coach (born 1981)
Flores later filed a class-action lawsuit against the NFL, alleging racial discrimination in the league's treatment of minority coaches and executives. Amid
Brian_Flores
the Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency, reported that anti-Black racism was widespread; respondents most often reported discrimination in the housing market
Inequality_in_Germany
Racial term for the Khoekhoe people of South Africa
Terminology". The Testing Grounds of Modern Empire: The Making of Colonial Racial Order in the American Ohio Country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s
Hottentot_(racial_term)
Japanese proposed amendment to the Treaty of Versailles
The Racial Equality Proposal (Japanese: 人種的差別撤廃提案; lit. "Proposal to abolish racial discrimination") was an amendment to the Treaty of Versailles that
Racial_Equality_Proposal
Discrimination on the basis of social class
the intersection of class and racial discrimination manifests in economic disparities that disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Studies
Class_discrimination
Movement aiming to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans
The civil rights movement (1865–1896) aimed to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans, improve their educational and employment opportunities
Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
Civil_rights_movement_(1865–1896)
would get the chance to vote. In the modern United States, Racial injustice and discrimination are not only present, they are also pressing. gay black men
Discrimination in the United States
Discrimination_in_the_United_States
African-American man (born 1970)
sixth trial back to the Mississippi Supreme Court for review of racial discrimination in jury selection. The following year the state court confirmed
Curtis_Flowers
other forms of discrimination, both before and after the Civil War. Thanks to the civil rights movement, formal racial discrimination was gradually outlawed
Racism against African Americans
Racism_against_African_Americans
Australian politician (born 1969)
Liberal National government's attempts to repeal Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act. In May 2014, Burke held a march against the changes to Section
Tony_Burke
1960 South African Police killing of protestors
21 March as the yearly International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the massacre. The Afrikaner poet Ingrid Jonker mentioned
Sharpeville_massacre
American multinational food company
unjust discrimination" against black farmers by Koch. In 2012 the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission brought a class employment discrimination lawsuit
Koch_Foods
Criminal offence in several countries
ethnic or racial hatred is a crime under the laws of several countries. In Australia, the Racial Hatred Act 1995 amends the Racial Discrimination Act 1975
Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
Incitement_to_ethnic_or_racial_hatred
Australian government intervention within indigenous Australian communities
MacKlin, Indigenous Affairs Minister, ended the suspension of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. In February 2011, former Howard government minister Brough
Northern Territory National Emergency Response
Northern_Territory_National_Emergency_Response
American ballet dancer
medalist. While a student at the Bolshoi Ballet Academy, Adams faced discrimination due to her race including being left out of performances, being prevented
Precious_Adams
Indigenous people of Northern Europe
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (2011). Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (Report). Vol. 66th Session
Sámi_people
Practice by real estate brokers
people have come together to movement organizations that fight racial discrimination in the housing market. One such organization is the National Fair
Racial_steering
Concept made real by collective agreement
Roma and other ethnic minorities experience stigma, racism and racial discrimination. This situation often increases their exposure and vulnerability
Social_construct
Effort to eliminate racial discrimination in Cuba after the Cuban Revolution
Against Discrimination was a retroactively-titled speech given by Fidel Castro on March 23, 1959, that outlined the need for a "battle against racial discrimination"
Proclamation Against Discrimination
Proclamation_Against_Discrimination
UNGA resolution adopted in 1975, revoked in 1991
Resolution 3379 "determines that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination". The resolution was adopted on 10 November 1975 with 72 votes in
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379
United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379
Law enforcement agency in Florida, United States
drivers; the study estimated that 42% of FHP troopers practiced racial discrimination. The Commander of the Division of Highway Patrol is the Florida
Florida_Highway_Patrol
Legislation designed to prevent discrimination against particular groups of people
The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 was the first major anti-discrimination legislation passed in Australia, aimed at prohibiting discrimination based
Anti-discrimination_law
Casual dining restaurant in the southeast USA
filed in Pensacola, Florida, charging Shoney's with widespread racial discrimination in which African American applicants were denied employment, and
Shoney's
City in the United States
opposition to ending racial segregation from its public schools to the unlawful concentration of public housing and discrimination in private housing.
Yonkers,_New_York
Human rights institution of the Australian Government
under the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, the Sex Discrimination Act 1984, the Disability Discrimination Act 1992, and the Age Discrimination Act 2004
Australian Human Rights Commission
Australian_Human_Rights_Commission
of explanations contributing to this lack of racial diversity, including higher levels of discrimination, implicit bias, microaggressions, chilly climate
Racial diversity and discrimination in STEM fields
Racial_diversity_and_discrimination_in_STEM_fields
Type of discrimination
non-discrimination laws contain exceptions for nationality and immigration status. The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination based on nationality
Discrimination_based_on_nationality
2020 United States Supreme Court case
racial discrimination in the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The case relates to whether cable television operator Comcast engaged in racial discrimination
Comcast v. National Association of African-American-Owned Media
Comcast_v._National_Association_of_African-American-Owned_Media
Equality for all races and ethnicities
increasing racial diversity can lead to increased racial bias and discrimination. Evidence suggests, however, that positive contact between two racial groups
Racial_equality
1976 United States Supreme Court case
Act was not designed to prohibit private racial discrimination, but only state-sponsored racial discrimination (as had been held in the Civil Rights Cases
Runyon_v._McCrary
American multinational beverage corporation
"Foundation Helps Sodexho Counter Discrimination Suit". Washington Post. "Coca-Cola Unit Sued for Alleged Racial Discrimination". Workforce.com. Archived from
The_Coca-Cola_Company
Legislation to redress racial discrimination was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government. The Act makes racial discrimination in official acts
Racism_in_Australia
rights shall be realised without discrimination of any kind". Various laws forbid discrimination, including racial one, in various fields. Section 78
Racism_in_Latvia
Film studio in Fayetteville, Georgia
Retrieved December 11, 2022. Jones, Valencia (November 18, 2022). "Racial discrimination lawsuit filed against Trilith Development, Trilith Studios". CBS
Trilith_Studios
American actor
medical and religious exemptions and faced racial discrimination." In July 25, 2022, Dunbar's case of racial misconduct was dismissed as baseless by a
Rockmond_Dunbar
Crime of racial oppression in international law
which shall include similar policies and practices of racial segregation and discrimination as practiced in southern Africa, shall apply to the following
Crime_of_apartheid
American restaurant chain
claims and denied any wrongdoing. In 2011, a former employee filed a racial discrimination lawsuit alleging that he was fired after repeatedly having a Black
Panera_Bread
Racial discrimination as a policy within a society or organisation
other groups. The practice of institutional racism is manifested as racial discrimination in criminal justice, employment, housing, healthcare, education
Institutional_racism
When a person classified as one race is accepted as another
majority to escape the legal and social consequences of racial segregation and discrimination. In the Antebellum South, passing as White was sometimes
Passing_(racial_identity)
Media company in Indiana
Circle City filed a lawsuit against Dish Network accusing them of racial discrimination as both sides negotiate over fees that WISH was seeking to be re-transmitted
Circle_City_Broadcasting
Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia during and since the Haile Selassie epoch has been described using terms including "racism", "ethnification", "ethnic
Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia
Ethnic_discrimination_in_Ethiopia
travel, tourism, insurance
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