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Grouping by physical or social qualities
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. The term
Race_(human_categorization)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up human race in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Human Race or The Human Race may refer to: Human species Race (human categorization), a classification
Human_Race
Topics referred to by the same term
subspecies Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits and/or social relations Historical race concepts,
Race
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
Lincoln received 1,866,452 votes, or 39.8 percent of the total in a four-way race, carrying the free Northern states, as well as California and Oregon, and
Abraham_Lincoln
Relevance of genotype to race classification
relationship between race and genetics as part of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization. Today, the consensus
Race_and_genetics
Question of the race of ancient Egyptians
The question of the race of the people of ancient Egypt was raised historically as a product of the early racial concepts of the 18th and 19th centuries
Ancient Egyptian race controversy
Ancient_Egyptian_race_controversy
Outdated grouping of human beings
Mongolia. Craniofacial anthropometry Orientalism Proto-Mongoloid Race (human categorization) Race and genetics Mongoloid. (2012). Dictionary.com. Retrieved September
Mongoloid
Self-identification collected by the US census
Judicial aspects of race in the United States Language Spoken at Home Race (human categorization) Race and ethnicity in censuses Race and ethnicity in the
Race and ethnicity in the United States census
Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census
Outdated grouping of human beings
2025[update]. Anthropometry Leucism Race (human categorization) Race and ethnicity in the United States Census Race and genetics The traditional anthropological
Caucasian_race
Branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species
psychology Human evolution – Evolutionary process Paleontology – Study of past life through fossils Primatology – Scientific study of primates Race (human categorization) –
Biological_anthropology
Umbrella term for people in Asia or of Asian descent
South Africa the term "Asian" is also usually synonymous with the Indian race group. East Asians in South Africa, including Chinese were classified either
Asian_people
Describing people by skin colour
among modern scientists that typological conceptions of race have no scientific basis. Categorization of racial groups by reference to skin color is common
Color_terminology_for_race
1972 scientific paper by Richard Lewontin
is considered a landmark in the study of human genetic variation and contributed to the abandonment of race as a scientific concept. By the 1960s, anthropologists
The Apportionment of Human Diversity
The_Apportionment_of_Human_Diversity
Discussions and claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines
scientific study of heredity and human differences". This fund would become a central driver of research into race and intelligence. The Southern Poverty
Race_and_intelligence
UNESCO statements about issues of race
statements about issues of race. The statements include: Statement on race (Paris, July 1950) Statement on the nature of race and race differences (Paris, June
UNESCO_statements_on_race
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
distance himself from the order, saying "I have no prejudice against sect or race, but want each individual to be judged by his own merit." The Democrats and
Ulysses_S._Grant
Cognitive bias on facial recognition
Another set of cognitive theories related to cross-race effect focuses on how social categorization and individuation biases face memory. Some researchers
Cross-race_effect
People of multiple races
Eyewitness: DNA Gets a Human Face". Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. (quoted from Globe and Mail, 25 June 2005), RaceSci. "Modified Race Data Summary
Multiracial_people
Cultural identity
identify as a different race than the one they were born into. They may adjust their appearance to make themselves look more like that race, and may participate
Transracial_(identity)
Pejorative racial term
Race traitor is a phrase that describes someone who is perceived to have betrayed their own race, primarily by other members of their race or ethnic group
Race_traitor
President of the United States from 1865 to 1869
defeated Johnson for reelection in 1837, Johnson would not lose another race for thirty years. In 1839, he sought to regain his seat, initially as a Whig
Andrew_Johnson
Racial classification of people
biological variation between different human populations, regard the concept of a unified and distinguishable White race as a social construct with no scientific
White_people
Obsolete grouping of human beings
southeastern Iraqis. Caucasian race Dinaric race Historical race concepts Race and society Race (human categorization) Degeneration Theory Polygenism
Armenoid_race
Outdated grouping of human beings
distinct human races in a biological sense has become obsolete. In 2019, the American Association of Biological Anthropologists stated: "Race does not
Negroid
Racialized classification of people
reality of biological variation between different human populations, regard the concept of a "black race" as social construct. Different societies apply
Black_people
1865 murder in Washington, D.C., US
Lincoln "not only the ruler of his own people, but a father to millions of a race stricken and oppressed". The government of Haiti condemned the assassination
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln
Racial group
Blackbirding Race-related Race (human categorization) Race in Brazil in the United States Race and health in the United States in Australia Race and sports
Afro-Iranians
President of the United States from 1877 to 1881
government and equal treatment without regard to wealth, social standing, or race. One of the defining events of his presidency was the Great Railroad Strike
Rutherford_B._Hayes
1898 insurrection and massacre in North Carolina, US
1898. The white press in Wilmington originally described the event as a race riot perpetrated by a mob of black people. In studies beginning in 2016,
Wilmington_massacre
Racial and ethnic identity model
Helms created the White Racial Identity Model in 1992 to provide a way to categorize white racial identity. Another theory, the White Racial Consciousness
White Racial Identity Development
White_Racial_Identity_Development
Racial classification
These and other race theories have been dismissed scientifically. As a 2012-human biology textbook observes, "These claims of race-based taxonomy, including
Brown_(racial_classification)
Research on racial disparities in criminal justice
Research into the relationship between race and crime has grown rapidly in recent years. More specifically, the research delves into the potential cause
Race_and_crime
the issue of racial equality, but Frémont and Cochrane withdrew from the race in September and their new party dissolved. The Democrats were divided between
1864 United States presidential election
1864_United_States_presidential_election
Pseudoscientific justification for racism
a natural categorization in the realm of biology. Cultural rules such as the "one-drop rule" must be devised to establish categories of race, even if they
Scientific_racism
Theory of plural human origins
Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that humans are of different origins (polygenesis). This view is opposite to the idea of
Polygenism
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1872 United States presidential election
1872_United_States_presidential_election
Development of ethnic identity
Swedish and the other Finnish. The Svecomans claimed that the Swedish Germanic race was superior to the majority Finnish people.[citation needed] In the late
Ethnogenesis
and the Removal of the Troops and the End of Reconstruction", in Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward, ed. by Morgan Kousser
1876 United States presidential election
1876_United_States_presidential_election
Ethnic identity questions on national censuses
censuses currently enumerate or have previously enumerated their populations by race, ethnicity, nationality, or a combination of these characteristics. Different
Race and ethnicity in censuses
Race_and_ethnicity_in_censuses
Racial term
word coyotl, coyote) is a colonial Spanish American racial term for a mixed-race person casta that usually refers to a person born of parents, one of whom
Coyote_(racial_category)
1865 amendment abolishing slavery
cited in case law, but it has been used to strike down peonage and some race-based discrimination as "badges and incidents of slavery". The Thirteenth
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Confederate attack on constitutional convention
voting rights for any people of color. Free people of color, who were mixed-race, had been an important part of New Orleans for more than a century and were
New_Orleans_Massacre_of_1866
for the controversial order, stating "I have no prejudice against sect or race, but want each individual to be judged by his own merit. Order No. 11 does
1868 United States presidential election
1868_United_States_presidential_election
1860s American term
Wiggins p 134 Rubin 2006 Frank J. Wetta, The Louisiana Scalawags: Politics, Race, and Terrorism during the Civil War and Reconstruction (Louisiana State University
Scalawag
Non-fiction book by José Vasconcelos
La raza cósmica (The Cosmic Race) is a Spanish-language book written and published in 1925 by Mexican philosopher, secretary of education, and 1929 presidential
La_raza_cósmica
Obsolete definitions of racial groups
race as a categorization of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) has an extensive history in Europe and the Americas. The contemporary word race
Historical_race_concepts
Theory which posits a common descent for all humans
Monogenism or sometimes monogenesis is the theory of human origins which posits a common descent for all humans. The negation of monogenism is polygenism. This
Monogenism
Race and society in the U.S.
the idea of race was an entirely new concept, colorblindness was not as much of a practice as the fabrication of the new categorization made it more
Color Blindness, Whiteness, and Backlash
Color_Blindness,_Whiteness,_and_Backlash
Financial crisis leading to economic depression in Europe and North America
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Panic_of_1873
Terms for races in the Bible
Table of Nations in Genesis 10 have been used as a basis for classifying human "racial" (cosmetic phenotypical) categories and "national" (ethnolinguistic
Biblical_terminology_for_race
Plastic surgery to change ethnic appearance
one's appearance more similar or less similar to people of a particular race or ethnicity. Michael Jackson's plastic surgery has been discussed in the
Ethnic_plastic_surgery
American politician (1792–1868)
convention nominated John C. Frémont, whom Stevens actively supported in the race against his fellow Lancastrian, the Democratic candidate James Buchanan.
Thaddeus_Stevens
White paramilitary group from the United States
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
White_League
white in reference to their skin colour predates and is distinct from the race categories constructed from the 17th century onward. Coloured terminology
Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness
Pre-modern_conceptions_of_whiteness
Faction of the U.S. Republican Party, 1870s–1880s
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Stalwarts_(politics)
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
(2001). Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and History. Transaction Publishers. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-202-36656-2. Gea, J (2008). "The Evolution of the Human Species:
Human
1874 attempted coup d'état against Louisiana state government
inscription that expressed a white supremacist view. In 1974, the rethinking of race relations after the Civil Rights Movement caused the city to add a marker
Battle_of_Liberty_Place
American political scandal
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Crédit_Mobilier_scandal
American political convention
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1876 Greenback National Convention
1876_Greenback_National_Convention
American political convention
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1868 Republican National Convention
1868_Republican_National_Convention
Model for reinstatement of Southern states during the American Civil War
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Ten_percent_plan
Faction of the 19th-century U.S. Republican Party
1995 81(4): 1641–51. Heather Cox Richardson, The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1865–1901 (2004) Trefousse
Radical_Republicans
Battle of the American Civil War
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Battle of Appomattox Court House
Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House
Ethnic group in Japan
1543–1900. "MIT Visualizing Cultures". David Wright (1998). "The Use of Race and Racial Perceptions Among Asians and Blacks: The Case of the Japanese
Black_Japanese
Settlement of the 1876 US presidential election
to New Orleans. The Republican Party did not abandon efforts to regulate race relations in the South until at least 1890, with the failure of the Lodge
Compromise_of_1877
Neurological study
first viewing an other-race face. The categorization-individualization model, which is a newer theory, states that the cross-race effect is due to the merging
Neuroscience_and_race
fluidity is the idea that race is not permanent and fixed, but rather imprecise and variable. The interpretation of someone's race, including their self-identification
Racial_fluidity
Society where race is important
residential segregation and low intermarriage rates are the norm, where human definitions of personal identity and choices of intimate relationships reveal
Racialized_society
Southern US paramilitary organization (post-Civil War)
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Red_Shirts_(United_States)
United States federal law
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1875
Sarcastic or critical description
themselves in the process of rescuing. The trope reflects how media represents race relations by racializing concepts like morality as identifiable with white
White_savior
Massacre of the Black community of Memphis, Tennessee
women." "Memphis Race Riot", Tennessee Encyclopedia Waller, "Community, Class, and Race" (1984), p. 237. Waller, "Community, Class, and Race" (1984), p. 238
Memphis_massacre_of_1866
Organization of mental concepts
Categorization is sometimes considered synonymous with classification (cf., Classification synonyms). Categorization and classification allow humans to
Cognitive_categorization
U.S. political event held in St. Louis, Missouri
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1876 Democratic National Convention
1876_Democratic_National_Convention
Political party in the United States
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Liberal Republican Party (United States)
Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)
US agency assisting freedmen in the South
five thousand rations a day. The food was distributed without regard to race. Corruption and abuse was so great that in October 1866, President Johnson
Freedmen's_Bureau
Sociological tool analyzing race as a fluid social construct
on finding a genetic basis for racial categorization. None of these efforts has been successful in defining race in an empirical and objective way.[citation
Racial_formation_theory
Private savings bank chartered by the U.S. Congress
Freedmen's Savings Bank: A Chapter in the Economic History of the Negro Race. ISBN 978-1-4696-4909-2. OCLC 1066247700. "To the Depositors of the Freedmen's
Freedman's_Savings_Bank
Branch of science involving the study of the world categorised in ethnic cultures
native people's system of knowledge of organization. Not only is there categorization for things pertaining to nature and culture thought language, but more
Ethnoscience
1865 speech by the U.S. President
purpose is somewhat different from the purpose of either party—and yet the human instrumentalities, working just as they do, are of the best adaptation to
Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address
Abraham_Lincoln's_second_inaugural_address
American lawyer and politician (1814–1869)
musket in it, and bid him in God's name strike for the liberty of the human race", Cochrane said. Cameron embraced Cochrane's sentiment that slaves should
Edwin_Stanton
Community based on common ethnic, cultural or political identity
as a whole Polity – Group of people with a collective identity Race (human categorization) – Grouping by physical or social qualities Republic – Form of
Nation
U.S. political event held in Chicago, Illinois
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1864 Democratic National Convention
1864_Democratic_National_Convention
American political convention
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1876 Republican National Convention
1876_Republican_National_Convention
U.S. political event held in Baltimore, Maryland
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
1872 Democratic National Convention
1872_Democratic_National_Convention
Women of African descent have always been active in Christianity since the very early days of this religion. African-American women mainly worship in traditionally
African and African-American women in Christianity
African_and_African-American_women_in_Christianity
List of African ethnic groups
of active separatist movements Uncontacted peoples Ethnic flag Race (human categorization) List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
List of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa
List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups_of_Africa
Military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Red_River_War
Executive order by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln freeing slaves in the South
white Southerners and their sympathizers, who saw it as the beginning of a race war. It energized abolitionists, and undermined those Europeans who wanted
Emancipation_Proclamation
"Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny". American Journal of Human Genetics. 70 (1): 265–8. doi:10.1086/338306. PMC 384897
Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
Y-DNA_haplogroups_by_ethnic_group
U.S. Reconstruction-era legislation
corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial
Freedmen's_Bureau_bills
Form of exoticism imposed on the North
of which the Nazi Heinrich Himmler was a member, believed that the Aryan race came from the mythical northern province of Hyperborea.[citation needed]
Borealism
American political group
School: Historians, Race, and the Meaning of Reconstruction (University Press of Kentucky, 2013). Thomas C. Holt, ""A Story of Ordinary Human Beings": The Sources
Redeemers
Plastic surgery provided to prison inmates for social rehabilitation
(2019-08-13). "The San Quentin prison doctor who performed over 10,000 human experiments". SFGATE. Retrieved 2021-10-04. Hallinan, Joseph T. (2001-06-01)
Prison_plastic_surgery
Equality for all races and ethnicities
Racial equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on race or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for races, also
Racial_equality
Historiographical school of thought regarding Reconstruction
membership in a race of men which has never of itself succeeded in subjecting passion to reason." For William A. Dunning, blacks "had no pride of race and no aspiration
Dunning_School
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
due process, equal protection of the laws, and male suffrage regardless of race. The Reconstruction era had historically been dated from the end of the Civil
Reconstruction_era
Human evolution hypothesis
pattern of human evolution. Multiregional evolution holds that the human species first arose around two million years ago and subsequent human evolution
Multiregional origin of modern humans
Multiregional_origin_of_modern_humans
Group of similar haplotypes
Molecular evolution Molecular phylogenetics Human evolutionary genetics Race (taxonomy) / Race (human categorization) Genetic genealogy Genealogical DNA test
Haplogroup
U.S. law defining citizenship and equal protection
unlawfulness to deprive any person of citizenship rights "on the basis of race, color, or prior condition of slavery or involuntary servitude." The act
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Latin
Unity; First-rate; Number One
Male
English
Short form of English unisex Tracy, TRACE means "place of Thracius."
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Dutch, English, Scottish
Grace; Doe
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Himan was the Name of One of the Famous Slaves that had a Hand in Building the Tomb of Queen Venika
Girl/Female
Latin American English Irish
Grace.
Male
Chamoru
, Jehovah's gift or grace.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Compare Racey, Rasey, Razey.
Male
English
Medieval form of English Ralph, RAFE means "wise wolf."
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Gujarati, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Muslim, Portuguese, Swedish
Mercy; God's Favor; Grace; Grace of God; Kindness; Thanks; Love; Favour; Blessing; Charm; Good will
Male
Yiddish
 Yiddish altered form of Hebrew Hyam, HYMAN means "life." Compare with another form of Hyman.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; Reaney suggests a nickname from Old French ras ‘clean shaven’, but he also cites documentary evidence of a personal name which probably also gave rise to the surname.Perhaps a variant of Dutch or German Rase.Slovenian (southwestern Slovenia) : nickname from raca ‘duck’, formed with the suffix -e, used mainly of young people, possibly denoting someone who walked like a duck.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : partly from an unattested late Old English personal name, Hygemann, composed of the elements hyge ‘mind’ (cognate with the underlying Germanic element in Hugh) + mann ‘man’. In some cases this may also have been an occupational name for a servant (Middle English man) of a man called Hugh.Perhaps an altered spelling of German Homann.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the French personal name Pascal, PACE means "Passover; Easter."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Compare Racy, Rasey, Razey.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Raw.North German : variant of Rave.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Latin
Running Competition
Male
Hebrew
(הָמָן) Hebrew name of Persian origin, HAMAN means "magnificent." In the bible, this is the name of a wicked prime minister.
Boy/Male
Scottish
Grace.
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name SHUMAN means "rattlesnake handler."
Boy/Male
English
A mace was a medieval weapon used by knights.
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
Boy/Male
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Faithful
Girl/Female
Hindu
Master of the mountains
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of eyes
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Ibn-Aybak was a leading historian
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu
River
Boy/Male
English American
Tall.. Surname.
Boy/Male
Hindu
(Son of Shakuntala Bharat)
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Strong; A Tirthakar; One who has Strength in his Arms; Brother of Lord Bharat; Lord Indra
Girl/Female
Tamil
Possessing of brilliance and/or intelligence, Soft
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord Indra
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
RACE HUMAN-CATEGORIZATION
a.
Pertaining to man; human.
v. t.
To raze.
n.
Alt. of Rache
v. t.
To run a race with.
n.
The human eace; mankind; humanity.
n.
The male portion of the human race.
n.
A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney.
n.
Mankind collectively; the human race.
imp. & p. p.
of Race
n.
The female part of the human race; womankind.
a.
Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices.
n.
The human race; man, taken collectively.
n.
A human being.
v. t.
To cause to contend in a race; to drive at high speed; as, to race horses.
n.
One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race horse.
v. i.
To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals raced over the ground; the ships raced from port to port.
n.
The females of the human race; women, collectively.
n.
The human race; mankind.
a.
Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.
n.
The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.