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Invariant in graph theory
theory, the queue number of a graph is a graph invariant defined analogously to stack number (book thickness) using first-in first-out (queue) orderings
Queue_number
Type of queue model in queueing theory
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/M/1 queue represents the queue length in a system having a single
M/M/1_queue
Mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of queues, or waiting lines. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting times can be predicted
Queueing_theory
Places where people queue or "line up" for goods or services
stand. Queueing is a phenomenon in a number of fields, and has been extensively analysed in the study of queueing theory. In economics, queueing is seen
Queue_area
Method of managing a queue of customers
The virtual queue is a concept used in both inbound call centers and other businesses to improve wait times for users. Call centers use an Automatic Call
Virtual_queue
Undirected graph named after S. S. Shrikhande
book thickness 4 and queue number 3. The graph is not 1-planar. The Shrikhande graph is a toroidal graph. The chromatic number of the Shrikhande graph
Shrikhande_graph
Abstract data type in computer science
In computer science, a priority queue is an abstract data type similar to a regular queue where each element has an associated priority determining its
Priority_queue
Multi-server queueing model
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the M/M/c queue (or Erlang–C model) is a multi-server queueing model.
M/M/c_queue
Cubic graph with 70 nodes and 105 edges
3-vertex-connected graph and 3-edge-connected. The book thickness is 3 and the queue number is 2. The characteristic polynomial of the Balaban 10-cage is ( x − 3
Balaban_10-cage
Graph with 24 vertices and 36 edges
chromatic number 3 and chromatic index 3. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and a 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The graph
McGee_graph
Means of interprocess communication in software engineering
a single message and the number of messages that may remain outstanding on the queue. Many implementations of message queues function internally within
Message_queue
Cubic graph with 28 vertices and 42 edges
3-vertex-connected graph and a 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The Coxeter graph is hypohamiltonian: it does not itself have a Hamiltonian
Coxeter_graph
3-regular graph with 30 vertices and 45 edges
Tutte–Coxeter is one of the 13 such graphs. It has crossing number 13, book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The Tutte–Coxeter graph is the bipartite Levi graph
Tutte–Coxeter_graph
Danish tech company
Queue-it is a private Danish company founded in 2010. It has developed systems to cope with website traffic congestion by directing visitors to a queue
Queue-it
4-regular undirected graph in mathematics
chromatic number 3, chromatic index 5, diameter 3, radius 3 and is both 4-vertex-connected and 4-edge-connected. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.
Robertson_graph
24-vertex symmetric bipartite cubic graph
3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The Nauru graph requires at least eight crossings in any drawing of
Nauru_graph
System for describing queueing models
where A denotes the time between arrivals to the queue, S the service time distribution and c the number of service channels open at the node. It has since
Kendall's_notation
Infinite family of graphs
are 1-planar. The flower snarks J5 and J7 have book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The flower snark Jn can be constructed with the following process :
Flower_snark
Abstract data type
tail, or rear of the queue. The end of the queue where elements are removed is called the head or front of the queue. The name queue is an analogy to the
Queue_(abstract_data_type)
3-vertex-connected and a 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The graph is 1-planar. The automorphism group of the Dyck graph is
Dyck_graph
Hairstyle worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria
A queue or cue is a hairstyle historically worn by the Jurchen and Manchu peoples of Manchuria. During the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, it was required to
Queue_(hairstyle)
Undirected graph with 14 vertices
only cubic symmetric graph on 14 vertices. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The characteristic polynomial of the Heawood graph is ( x − 3 ) (
Heawood_graph
Bipartite, 3-regular undirected graph
4, chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3 and is both 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The graph is
Pappus_graph
Data structure for integer priorities
A bucket queue is a data structure that implements the priority queue abstract data type: it maintains a dynamic collection of elements with numerical
Bucket_queue
Theorem in queueing theory
mathematical queueing theory, Little's law (also result, theorem, lemma, or formula) is a theorem by John Little which states that the long-term average number of
Little's_law
Two 3-regular graphs with 18 vertices and 27 edges
chromatic number 3, diameter 4 and girth 5. They are non-hamiltonian but are hypohamiltonian. Both have book thickness 3 and queue number 2. Both graphs
Blanuša_snarks
To invalidly enter a line by going in any position other than the back
English) or queue jumping (British English) is the act of entering a queue or line of people at any position other than the back. Queue jumping also
Cutting_in_line
Time a job or message waits in a queue until it can be executed or sent
the queuing delay is the time a job waits in a queue until it can be executed. It is a key component of network delay. In a switched network, queuing delay
Queuing_delay
Graph that can be embedded in the plane
been used to show that planar graphs have bounded queue number, bounded non-repetitive chromatic number, and universal graphs of near-linear size. It also
Planar_graph
Scheduling algorithm for sharing of limited resources
Fair queuing is a family of scheduling algorithms used in some process and network schedulers. The algorithm is designed to achieve fairness when a limited
Fair_queuing
Distance-transitive cubic graph with 20 nodes and 30 edges
and a 3-edge-connected Hamiltonian graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. All the cubic distance-regular graphs are known. The Desargues graph
Desargues_graph
Two special graphs in graph theory
3-vertex-connected and a 3-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. It can be embedded in the genus-3 orientable surface (which can be
Klein_graphs
Load measure in telecommunications
teletraffic engineering and queueing theory. His results, which are still used today, relate quality of service to the number of available servers. Both
Erlang_(unit)
smallest 4-regular graph of girth 5 with chromatic number 4. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The graph is not 1-planar. By Brooks’ theorem,
Brinkmann_graph
One of two different regular graphs with 16 vertices
an isomorphic copy of the Petersen graph. It has book thickness 4 and queue number 3. The edges of the complete graph K16 may be partitioned into three
Clebsch_graph
Theorem in queueing theory
Bell Telephone Laboratories) asserting that, for the M/M/1 queue, M/M/c queue or M/M/∞ queue in the steady state with arrivals is a Poisson process with
Burke's_theorem
Queue model
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/G/k queue is a queue model where arrivals are Markovian (modulated
M/G/k_queue
Data structure of processes waiting for CPU time
once. Active processes are placed in an array called a run queue, or runqueue. The run queue may contain priority values for each process, which will be
Run_queue
Method to prioritise work and vary scheduling
Multi-level queueing, used at least since the late 1950s/early 1960s, is a queue with a predefined number of levels. Items get assigned to a particular
Multilevel_queue
Aspect of mathematical queueing theory
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/D/1 queue represents the queue length in a system having a single
M/D/1_queue
Aspect of queueing theory
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/G/1 queue is a queue model where arrivals are Markovian (modulated
M/G/1_queue
American provider for loss prevention and merchandise visibility
to brand and price mark merchandise, as well as the Turn-O-Matic D 80 queue number system that "can be found in most supermarkets." The newly acquired company
Checkpoint_Systems
is not distance-regular and not 1-planar. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The Hoffman graph is not a vertex-transitive graph and its full automorphism
Hoffman_graph
Algorithm for finding shortest paths
in Θ(|V|2) time, where |V| is the number of nodes. Fredman & Tarjan 1984 proposed a Fibonacci heap priority queue to optimize the running time complexity
Dijkstra's_algorithm
Archimedean solid with 14 faces
edges, and is a cubic Archimedean graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. As a Hamiltonian cubic graph, it can be represented by LCF notation
Truncated_octahedron
4-vertex-connected and a 4-edge-connected graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 3. The graph is not 1-planar. It has an automorphism group of order 54
Holt_graph
Computation model, equivalent to Turing machines
A queue machine, queue automaton, or pullup automaton is a finite-state machine with the ability to store and retrieve data from an infinite-memory queue
Queue_automaton
Bipartite 3-regular graph with 90 vertices and 135 edges
chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 8, diameter 8 and girth 10. It is also a 3-vertex-connected and 3-edge-connected graph. It has queue number 2 and
Foster_graph
Priority queue in computer science
A calendar queue (CQ) is a priority queue (queue in which every element has associated priority and the dequeue operation removes the highest priority
Calendar_queue
Canadian computer scientist and mathematician
structural theory of graph width parameters including treewidth and queue number, and for the use of these parameters in the parameterized complexity
Vida_Dujmović
Concept in queueing theory
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/D/c queue represents the queue length in a system having c servers
M/D/c_queue
Mathematical identity in queueing theory
queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the Pollaczek–Khinchine formula states a relationship between the queue length
Pollaczek–Khinchine_formula
Algorithm employed by process and network schedulers in computing
attributed time quantum, the scheduler selects the first process in the ready queue to execute. In the absence of time-sharing, or if the quanta were large
Round-robin_scheduling
Mathematical formula for queueing
servers required to service a queue. The formula is written as an inequality relating the number of servers (s), total number of service requestors (N),
Queuing_Rule_of_Thumb
Algorithm to parse a syntax with infix notation to postfix notation
the output queue (whenever a number is read it is pushed to the output) Push + (or its ID) onto the operator stack Push 4 to the output queue After reading
Shunting_yard_algorithm
Variable used in a concurrent system
queue, and fullCount, the number of elements in the queue. To maintain integrity, emptyCount may be lower (but never higher) than the actual number of
Semaphore_(programming)
Device driver out-of-order processing technique for storage controllers
Tagged queuing (also called tagged command queuing or TCQ) is a method for allowing a hardware device or controller to process commands received from
Tagged_queuing
Hypohamiltonian graph in graph theory
hypohamiltonian graph with 16 vertices and 27 edges. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. Hypohamiltonian graphs were first studied by Sousselier in Problèmes
Sousselier_graph
Graph layout on multiple half-planes
intervals on the spine. The minimum number of pages needed for a queue embedding of a graph is called its queue number. Finding the book thickness of a graph
Book_embedding
Method by which work is assigned
throughput over FIFO scheduling. If the number of rankings is limited, it can be characterized as a collection of FIFO queues, one for each priority ranking.
Scheduling_(computing)
non-hamiltonian but is hypohamiltonian. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The chromatic number of the double-star snark is 3. The chromatic index of the
Double-star_snark
Concept in queueing theory
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a heavy traffic approximation (sometimes called heavy traffic limit theorem
Heavy_traffic_approximation
Part of mathematical queueing theory
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the M/M/∞ queue is a multi-server queueing model where every arrival experiences
M/M/∞_queue
{\displaystyle 5^{1}{\sqrt {5}}^{8}1^{10}(-{\sqrt {5}})^{8}(-3)^{5}} . Its queue number is 3 and an upper bound on its book thickness is 5. Brouwer, A. E.; Cohen
Wells_graph
Algorithm for caching data
effects, such as queuing effects in multiprocessor systems A cache has two primary figures of merit: latency and hit ratio. A number of secondary factors
Cache_replacement_policies
Algorithm to search the nodes of a graph
vertices have already been added to the queue, the space complexity can be expressed as O(|V|), where |V| is the number of vertices. This is in addition to
Breadth-first_search
Technique used to resist SYN flood attacks
connections when the SYN queue fills up. Instead of storing additional connections, a SYN queue entry is encoded into the sequence number sent in the SYN+ACK
SYN_cookies
3-edge-connected non-planar cubic graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The characteristic polynomial of the Harries–Wong graph is ( x − 3
Harries–Wong_graph
Data structure in computer science
In computer science, a circular buffer, circular queue, cyclic buffer or ring buffer is a data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it
Circular_buffer
Scheduling algorithm for tasks or data flows
fixed number of opportunities, as specified by the configured weight, which serves to influence the portion of capacity received by each queue or task
Weighted_round_robin
Regular graph with 70 nodes and 105 edges
3-edge-connected, non-planar, cubic graph. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. The characteristic polynomial of the Harries graph is ( x − 3 ) (
Harries_graph
4-regular undirected graph with 70 vertices and 140 edges
has chromatic number 3, chromatic index 5, radius 7, diameter 8, girth 4 and is non-Hamiltonian. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. Published
Meredith_graph
Szekeres snark with 50 tops and 75 edges
3 and queue number 2. Another well known snark on 50 vertices is the Watkins snark discovered by John J. Watkins in 1989. The chromatic number of the
Szekeres_snark
Roller Coaster
the unknown. The queue line features two main sections, the outside compact queue pens and the themed inside queue line. The inside queue line features many
Oblivion:_The_Black_Hole
Binary operation in graph theory
queue number, small universal graphs and concise adjacency labeling schemes, and bounded nonrepetitive chromatic number and centered chromatic number
Strong_product_of_graphs
Simulation system language
discrete-event simulations. It is especially useful in the modelling of queuing systems, with many statistics being collected automatically. The typical
GPSS
Horton graph has chromatic number 2, chromatic index 3, radius 10, diameter 10, girth 6, book thickness 3 and queue number 2. It is also a 3-edge-connected
Horton_graph
Network scheduling algorithm
Weighted fair queueing (WFQ) is a network scheduling algorithm. WFQ is both a packet-based implementation of the generalized processor sharing (GPS) policy
Weighted_fair_queueing
Abstract data type
structures Queue Double-ended queue FIFO (computing and electronics) Operational memory stack (aka Automatic memory stack) By contrast, a queue operates
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
Form of resource sharing for tasks in computing
irrespective of the number of jobs of each class present. Often it is assumed that the jobs within a class form a queue and that queue is served on a first-come
Processor_sharing
Scheduling algorithm, the first piece of data inserted into a queue is processed first
specifically a data buffer) where the oldest (first) entry, or "head" of the queue, is processed first. FIFOs are used for a wide variety of applications.
FIFO (computing and electronics)
FIFO_(computing_and_electronics)
Person who takes a position in a queue in place of another
A line stander, queue stander, line sitter or queue professional is a person who takes a position in a queue in place of another, often for payment. This
Line_stander
Snark with 50 vertices and 75 edges
non-planar, 1-planar, and non-hamiltonian. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2. Another well known snark on 50 vertices is the Szekeres snark, the
Watkins_snark
Abstract data type
Input Input Output Output as a queue as a stack In computer science, a double-ended queue (abbreviated as deque — /dɛk/ DEK), is an abstract data type
Double-ended_queue
science, an input queue is a collection of processes in storage that are waiting to be brought into memory to run a program. Input queues are mainly used
Input_queue
Mathematical model for understanding queueing systems
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a G-network (generalized queueing network, often called a Gelenbe network)
G-network
eight and can be at least seven. Every graph of bounded stack number or bounded queue number also has bounded twin-width. There exist families of graphs
Twin-width
computing expected queue lengths, waiting time at queueing nodes and throughput in equilibrium for a closed separable system of queues. The first approximate
Mean_value_analysis
Family of message-oriented middleware products
port. Queue types: Local queue: represents the location where data is stored awaiting processing. Remote queue: represents a queue on another queue manager
IBM_MQ
Performance-limiting phenomenon in computer networks
performance-limiting phenomenon that occurs when a queue of packets is held up by the first packet in the queue. This occurs, for example, in input-buffered
Head-of-line_blocking
Type of queue
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a fork–join queue is a queue where incoming jobs are split on arrival
Fork–join_queue
Singaporean stand-up comedian
who excitedly expressed gratitude for obtaining a BTO (Build-To-Order) queue number from the Housing and Development Board (HDB) in the midst of rising public
Rishi_Budhrani
Processing scheduling algorithm
In computer science, a multilevel feedback queue is a scheduling algorithm. Scheduling algorithms are designed to have some process running at all times
Multilevel_feedback_queue
Queueing theory tool
used in queuing theory. It is an area graph that depicts the quantity of work in a given state, showing arrivals, time in queue, quantity in queue, and departure
Cumulative_flow_diagram
Queue management algorithm for computer network packets
CoDel (Controlled Delay; pronounced "coddle") is an active queue management (AQM) algorithm in network routing, developed by Van Jacobson and Kathleen
CoDel
Directed graph representing overlaps between sequences of symbols
resembling this one can be used to show that the binary De Bruijn graphs have queue number 2 and that they have book thickness at most 5. Some grid network topologies
De_Bruijn_graph
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
Tehran's Shahid Beheshti University was hit by airstrikes, making the total number of universities hit to more than 30, according to the Iranian Minister of
2026_Iran_war
priority queue features the following operations: isEmpty() Checks if DEPQ is empty and returns true if empty. size() Returns the total number of elements
Double-ended_priority_queue
It is 4-regular: each vertex has exactly four neighbors. Its chromatic number is 4: it can be colored using four colors, but not using only three. It
Chvátal_graph
Computer science data structure
implementation of an abstract data type called a priority queue, and in fact, priority queues are often referred to as "heaps", regardless of how they
Heap_(data_structure)
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance