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Non-perturbative technique in quantum chromodynamics
perturbative techniques often fail to apply. The QCD sum rules (or Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov sum rules) are a way of dealing with this. The idea is to
QCD_sum_rules
Theory of the strong nuclear interactions
In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental
Quantum_chromodynamics
Topics referred to by the same term
#Further consequences Sum rule in quantum mechanics QCD sum rules, non-perturbative techniques in quantum chromodynamics Sum rules (quantum field theory)
Sum_rule
Lowest energy state in quantum chromodynamics
The QCD vacuum is the quantum vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non-perturbative vacuum state, characterized by non-vanishing
QCD_vacuum
Topics referred to by the same term
a fibered sum in category theory QCD sum rules, in quantum field theory Riemann sum, in calculus Rule of sum, in combinatorics Subset sum problem, in
Sum
Subatomic particle with positive charge
Khodjamirian (October 2000). "QCD Sum Rules, a Modern Perspective". In M., Shifman (ed.). At the Frontier of Particle Physics: Handbook of QCD. World Scientific Publishing
Proton
Relation between static and dynamic quantities
and non-abelian gauge theories. Bjorken sum rule (polarized). This sum rule is the prototypical QCD spin sum rule. It states that in the Bjorken scaling
Sum rules (quantum field theory)
Sum_rules_(quantum_field_theory)
Non-perturbative approach to quantum field theory
various collider experiments, the operator product expansion is used in QCD sum rules to combine results from both perturbative and non-perturbative (condensate)
Operator_product_expansion
Rule for energy level transitions
{A}}]]|m\rangle =2\sum _{n}(E_{n}-E_{m})|\langle m|{\hat {A}}|n\rangle |^{2}.} Oscillator strength Sum rules (quantum field theory) QCD sum rules Wang, Sanwu
Sum_rule_in_quantum_mechanics
Approximate scaling law for hadrons in extreme environments
in-medium mass (or running mass in the medium) of the ρ meson according to QCD sum rules. The omega meson, sigma meson, and neutron are denoted by ω, σ, and
Brown–Rho_scaling
Second-rank tensor in quantum chromodynamics
Dosch; M. Jamin (2000) [1999]. "The field strength correlator from QCD sum rules". Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 86 (1–3). Heidelberg, Germany: 421–425
Gluon_field_strength_tensor
Malagasy physicist
High-Energy Physics (HEPMAD-Madagascar). He works on QCD spectral sum rules (QSSR) or SVZ sum rules which have been introduced by M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein
Stephan_Narison
Quantum chromodynamics on a lattice
Lattice QCD is a well-established non-perturbative approach to solving the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) theory of quarks and gluons. It is a lattice gauge
Lattice_QCD
Theoretical physicist
of exclusive processes in quantum chromodynamics and applications of QCD sum rules to hadronic form factors." In 1998, he was one of three faculty members
Anatoly_Radyushkin
American physicist
(Kim–Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov axion model) SVZ sum rules (Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov sum rules) Penguin mechanism QCD vacuum NSVZ beta function Gluon condensation
Mikhail_Shifman
Coefficients of an algebra over a field
H.G.; Jamin, M. (2000) [1999]. "The field strength correlator from QCD sum rules". Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 86 (1–3): 421–5. arXiv:hep-ph/9908318.
Structure_constants
approaches to trying to solve QCD to compute the masses of hadrons: Quark models Lattice QCD Effective field theory sum rules Jefferson Lab in the US. J-PARC
Hadron_spectroscopy
Binding of quarks in subatomic particles
than one, which results in different rules of behavior. These rules are described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of quark–gluon interactions
Strong_interaction
Model of hadrons
cascades of radiation (a parton shower) produced from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes and interactions in high-energy particle collisions. The parton
Parton_(particle_physics)
Hypothetical particle composed of gluons
computations more difficult. Since that time calculations within QCD (lattice and sum rules) find the lightest glueball to be a scalar with mass in the range
Glueball
M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Q-Spoil Q-ball Q-switching QCD matter QCD string QCD sum rules QCD vacuum QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter QED
Index_of_physics_articles_(Q)
Technique in computational quantum field theory
automatically satisfies the known sum rules. The light-front wave functions contain information about novel features of QCD. These include effects suggested
Light_front_quantization
Chinese theoretical nuclear and particle physicist
and gluon structure of the proton and neutron in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). He formulated the spin structure of the proton in terms of local and gauge-invariant
Xiangdong_Ji
Particle physics detector experiment
of hadron interactions – chiral perturbation theory, lattice QCD, dispersion sum rules and so on. Hadron spectroscopy. Coulomb processes in kaon-nucleon
OKA_(experiment)
Rule forbidding the coherence of certain states
mechanics, superselection extends the concept of selection rules. Superselection rules are postulated rules forbidding the preparation of quantum states that exhibit
Superselection
American physicist (1934–2024)
of the hadrons. Bjorken also discovered the Bjorken sum rule, the prototypical QCD spin sum rule. It states that in the Bjorken scaling domain, the integral
James_Bjorken
Something that has mass and volume
Hadronic Physics from Lattice QCD. World Scientific. p. 120. ISBN 978-981-256-022-3. T. Hatsuda (2008). "Quark–gluon plasma and QCD". In H. Akai (ed.). Condensed
Matter
Chemical bond by sharing of electron pairs
Brodsky, S. J.; Mueller, A. H. (1988). "Using Nuclei to Probe Hadronization in QCD". Physics Letters B. 206 (4): 685. Bibcode:1988PhLB..206..685B. doi:10
Covalent_bond
Quantization procedure in quantum field theory
state of the proton. This "quark counting rule" or "dimensional counting rule" holds for theories such as QCD in which the interactions in the Lagrangian
Light-front quantization applications
Light-front_quantization_applications
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
electromagnetic interactions between photons, electrons and the vacuum) or the QCD vacuum which deals with quantum chromodynamics (e.g., color charge interactions
Zero-point_energy
Random process independent of past history
of attributes over a range of objects. Markov chains are used in lattice QCD simulations. E + S ↽ − − ⇀ E Substrate binding S ⟶ E Catalytic step + P {\displaystyle
Markov_chain
Theoretical framework in physics
could also be explained by non-Abelian gauge theory. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) was born. In 1973, David Gross, Frank Wilczek, and Hugh David Politzer showed
Quantum_field_theory
Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups
gives rise to the phenomenon of the Landau pole. In quantum chromodynamics (QCD) this leads to asymptotic freedom. The chiral anomaly in either chiral or
Gauge_theory
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
proposed in 1977 to solve the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). QCD effects produce an effective periodic potential in which the axion field
Dark_matter
Model in string theory
resonances, and provides a closed-form solution to non-linear finite-energy sum rules relating s- and t- channels. The Veneziano formula was quickly generalized
Dual_resonance_model
confinement in any non-abelian gauge theory? The QCD vacuum: Many of the equations in non-perturbative QCD are currently unsolved. These energies are the
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Subatomic particle made of a charm quark and antiquark
"Charmonium" and applied the Asymptotic Freedom of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) to explain why this (c-cbar) state didn't decay instantly. Indeed while
J/psi_meson
American theoretical physicist (1929–2019)
light mesons. In the 1970s he was a co-inventor of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which explains the confinement of quarks in mesons and baryons and forms
Murray_Gell-Mann
Space that is empty of matter
vacuum, a terminology intended to separate this concept from QED vacuum or QCD vacuum, where vacuum fluctuations can produce transient virtual particle
Vacuum
Multivalued function in mathematics
Deur, Alexandre; Brodsky, Stanley J.; De Téramond, Guy F. (2016). "The QCD running coupling". Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. 90: 1–74. arXiv:1604
Lambert_W_function
Physics phenomenon
reveal". Physics World. 7 January 2025. Hentschinski, Martin; et al. (2024). "QCD evolution of entanglement entropy". IOP Publishing. 87 (12). arXiv:2408.01259
Quantum_entanglement
Indian particle physicist (1942-2026)
Invariance and Light-Cone Physics, Supersymmetry and Supergravity Nonperturbative QCD Phenomenology of the standard model and beyond, and Theory and Phenomenology
Probir_Roy
Change in energies of a thermodynamic system with respect to particle number
its associated processes. For example, in a quark–gluon plasma or other QCD matter, at every point in space there is a chemical potential for photons
Chemical_potential
Putting fermions on a lattice with chiral symmetry results in more fermions than expected
phenomenon in solid state crystals Gupta, R. (1997). "Introduction to lattice QCD: Course". Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Physics, Session 68: Probing
Fermion_doubling
Mathematics of a particle physics model
well as the charged fermions via the photon. The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) sector defines the interactions between quarks and gluons, with SU(3) symmetry
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Theory of supergravity in four dimensions
the chiral and gauge fermions, which have to be included. The supertrace sum of the squares of the mass matrix eigenvalues gives valuable information
4D_N_=_1_supergravity
Award in theoretical particle physics
For his work in elucidating the consequences of chiral symmetry through sum rules and low energy theorems." 1989 Nicola Cabibbo "For his outstanding contribution
Sakurai_Prize
Application of Lagrangian mechanics to field theories
) ψ n − 1 4 G α μ ν G α μ ν {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}_{\mathrm {QCD} }=\sum _{n}{\bar {\psi }}_{n}\left(i\hbar c{D}\!\!\!\!/\ -m_{n}c^{2}\right)\psi
Lagrangian_(field_theory)
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
is now fairly well understood, the phenomenon of confinement realized in QCD, where the strong interactions get rid of the massless "gluon" states at
Higgs_boson
Form of individual retirement plan
are very similar, particularly for rules regarding distributions. SEP IRAs and SIMPLE IRAs also have additional rules similar to those for qualified plans
Individual_retirement_account
Graded vector space with applications to theoretical physics
grade-preserving, from one super vector space to another can be written uniquely as the sum of a grade-preserving transformation and a grade-reversing one—that is, a
Super_vector_space
Japanese theoretical physicist
for the quark model. (Koide’s work was done before the establishment of QCD.) Katuya and Koide predicted that lifetimes of D± and D0 should be considerably
Yoshio_Koide
Classification scheme of hadrons
interactions, then all the successful quark model predictions, including sum rules for baryon masses and magnetic moments, can be derived. Color quantum
Quark_model
Procedure of coping with redundant degrees of freedom in physical field theories
gauge generalizes well to non-abelian gauge groups such as the SU(3) of QCD. The couplings between physical and unphysical perturbation axes do not entirely
Gauge_fixing
Formulation to quantize gauge field theories in physics
contain unremovable anomalies. The problem of perturbative calculations in QCD was solved by introducing additional fields known as Faddeev–Popov ghosts
BRST_quantization
Theory of supersymmetry in four dimensions
mass matrices M {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}} , usually expressed as a sum over all the eigenvalues m J {\displaystyle m_{J}} modified by the spin J
4D_N_=_1_global_supersymmetry
Spanish physicist (1940–2008)
ISSN 1550-7998. S2CID 16779732. Titard, S.; Ynduráin, F. J. (1 June 1994). "Rigorous QCD evaluation of spectrum and ground state properties of heavy qq¯ systems,
Francisco_José_Ynduráin
Quality, cost, delivery (QCD) as used in lean manufacturing measures a businesses activity and develops Key performance indicators. QCD analysis often forms
Glossary of project management
Glossary_of_project_management
Aspect of astrophysics history
in 1974 to study the strong-interaction regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is interesting in this connection that Wilson loops were known to be
History of loop quantum gravity
History_of_loop_quantum_gravity
Electronic component
V_{\mathrm {Ci} }\,e^{-t/\tau _{0}}\end{aligned}}} Impedance, the vector sum of reactance and resistance, describes the phase difference and the ratio
Capacitor
In physics, proton and neutron magnetism
MIT Physics Annual: 24–35. Retrieved May 8, 2015. Ji, Xiangdong (1995). "A QCD analysis of the mass structure of the nucleon". Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (7):
Nucleon_magnetic_moment
Passive electronic component providing electrical resistance
series is the sum of their individual resistance values. R e q = ∑ i = 1 n R i = R 1 + R 2 + ⋯ + R n . {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {eq} }=\sum
Resistor
Particle physics research project (1983–2011)
studies within six physics groups: Higgs, Top, Electroweak, New Phenomena, QCD, and B Physics. Significant advances were made in each of them. One of the
DØ_experiment
Influence that can change motion of an object
between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The strong force is the fundamental force mediated by gluons, acting upon
Force
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
comparatively restrictive structure consisting of one or more programmable sum-of-products logic arrays feeding a relatively small number of clocked registers
Field-programmable_gate_array
Frequency mixer of a superhet radio
of the incoming signals, and the non-linearity of the device produced the sum and difference frequencies. The valve would have been very inefficient, but
Pentagrid_converter
Derivative used in gauge theories
doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2013)063. S2CID 256013401. "Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)". See e.g. eq. 3.116 in C. Tully, Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell
Gauge_covariant_derivative
Supersymmetric generalization of the Poincaré algebra
of tensor products of representations into direct sums is given by the Littlewood–Richardson rule. Normally, one treats such a decomposition as relating
Super-Poincaré_algebra
Solar power cell with multiple band gaps from different materials
{\displaystyle V=\sum _{i=1}^{3}V_{i}} , the following approximation can be used: V OC = ∑ i = 1 3 V OC i {\displaystyle V_{\text{OC}}=\sum _{i=1}^{3}V_{{\text{OC}}i}}
Multi-junction_solar_cell
of the plasma Pulsed plasma thruster, also Plasma Jet Engines Q-machine QCD matter Quadrupole ion trap Quantum cascade laser Quark–gluon plasma Quarkonium
List of plasma physics articles
List_of_plasma_physics_articles
Algebraic structure used in theoretical physics
{\displaystyle K} is a K {\displaystyle K} -module A {\displaystyle A} with a direct sum decomposition A = A 0 ⊕ A 1 {\displaystyle A=A_{0}\oplus A_{1}} together
Superalgebra
Type of capacitor
impedance is as important as the capacitance value. The impedance is the vector sum of reactance and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This
Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L
Radar Network Super Large Hadron Collider Super Proton Synchrotron Super QCD Super Virasoro algebra Super black Super high frequency Super lens Superatom
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
QCD SUM-RULES
QCD SUM-RULES
Girl/Female
Biblical Hindi Indian
That withdraws or departs, rebellion.
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical, Danish, German, Swedish
Mame; Renown; Sun Child; Little Sun
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Lancashire and West Yorkshire called Lumb, both apparently originally named with Old English lum(m) ‘pool’. The word is not independently attested, but appears also in Lomax and Lumley, and may be reflected in the dialect term lum denoting a well for collecting water in a mine. In some instances the name may be topographical for someone who lived by a pool, Middle English lum(m).English : variant of Lamb.Chinese : variant of Lin 1.Chinese : possibly a variant of Lan.
Boy/Male
American, Arabic, British, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Iranian, Jamaican, Malayalam, Parsi, Sanskrit, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
Told by God; God has Listen; To Hear; Sun; His Name is God; Sun Child; Little Sun; Strong Person; Heard of God; God; Good Person
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Great god of Annu.
Girl/Female
Egyptian English
Ask.
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Swedish
Sun
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Korean, Telugu
The Sun; Obedient
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name SOM means "orange (the fruit)."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant spelling of Schum.Chinese : (Pinyin Cen) this surname was derived from an area so named during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc).
Male
English
Short form of English Humbert, possibly HUM means "bright support."Â
Boy/Male
Sikh
Sun, Godly, Warrior, Brave, A musical note
Boy/Male
Hebrew American
Sun child; bright sun.
Male
English
Unisex short form of English Samantha and Samuel, both SAM means "heard of God," "his name is El," or "name of God."
Male
English
Short form of English Simon, SIM means "hearkening."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Humm 1.Swiss German : unexplained.Chinese : Taishan spelling of of Tan 1.Other Southeast Asian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Irish
From the town by the river Boyn.
Female
English
Short form of English Susan, SUE means "lily."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Fragrance; Flower; Sum; Total
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the personal name Samson (see Samson).Dutch (van Sam) : variant of Van den Sand (see Sand 2).Nigerian and Ghanaian : unexplained.Chinese : variant of Shen.Chinese : variant of Shum.Other Southeast Asian : unexplained.
QCD SUM-RULES
QCD SUM-RULES
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
King of the Mountain
Boy/Male
German
Strong Bear
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu, Traditional
Loved
Girl/Female
English
Nobility; strength.
Boy/Male
Indian
One who Gives Respect
Boy/Male
Hindu
Bold courageous and visionary
Boy/Male
Welsh
Tower of stlength.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kameshvari | காமேஷà¯à®µà®°à¯€
Parvati, The Lord of desires, She is the queen of transcendental lust
Female
African
(two people) first-born of twin girls.
Girl/Female
Indian
Aware, Knowing
QCD SUM-RULES
QCD SUM-RULES
QCD SUM-RULES
QCD SUM-RULES
QCD SUM-RULES
v. t.
To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain.
v. i.
To exude or from gum; to become gummy.
n.
The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine.
v. t.
To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from the surface of; to skim.
n.
A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.
n.
A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum.
a.
Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow.
n.
The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.
v. t.
To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship.
n.
That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation.
n.
Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an individual subscription to a fund.
v. i.
To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in law; as, to sue for damages.
v. t.
To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to hum a tune.
n.
See Gum tree, below.
n.
The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
v. i.
To form a scum; to become covered with scum. Also used figuratively.
v. t.
To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.