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Unscientific claims presented as scientific
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be scientific or factual but are inherently incompatible with the scientific
Pseudoscience
a list of topics that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community. Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that
List_of_pseudoscience_topics
Soviet Communist concept
Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука, burzhuaznaya lzhenauka) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines
Bourgeois_pseudoscience
Geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, Peru
ISBN 0-87169-183-3 Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 2008. Haughton, Brian
Nazca_lines
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
and policies are now understood as part of a specious devotion to a pseudoscience that actively dehumanises to support political agendas and not true
Eugenics
2013 nonfiction book by Pigliucci & Boudry
Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem is a set of 23 essays that wrestle with the demarcation problem which is the question
Philosophy_of_Pseudoscience
Study of a social phenomenon
The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while
History_of_pseudoscience
Person claiming extrasensory perception abilities
proof of the existence of such powers, and describes the practice as pseudoscience. Psychics encompass people in a variety of roles. Some are theatrical
Psychic
Russian scientific organisation
The Commission on Pseudoscience (Russian: Комиссия по борьбе с лженаукой) is a Russian scientific organization under the Presidium of the Russian Academy
Commission_on_Pseudoscience
unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been
List_of_cryptids
Pseudoscience that studies creatures
Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed
Cryptozoology
Pseudoscientific study of the Earth's natural radiation on human, animal and plant biology
have not been scientifically proven; thus, it is considered a form of pseudoscience. Within geobiology, distinct patterns of Earth radiation, mainly Hartmann
Geobiology_(pseudoscience)
2002 book by Michael Shermer
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience is a two-volume collection of articles that discuss the Skeptics Society's scientific findings of investigations
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience
Dubious idea about physiological cycles
scientific evidence, leading to the charge that it had become a kind of pseudoscience due to its proponents' rejection of empirical testing: An examination
Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)
Claimed form of extrasensory perception
widely considers parapsychology, including the study of clairvoyance, a pseudoscience. Pertaining to the ability of clear-sightedness, clairvoyance refers
Clairvoyance
Non-scientific hypothetical objects
number of planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence. Kolob is a
Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience
Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience
Pseudoscientific attempts to locate underground objects
no more effective than random chance. It is therefore regarded as a pseudoscience. Dowsing originated in ancient times, when it was treated as a form
Dowsing
Works by Newton now seen as non-scientific
of later centuries. Distinctions between science, superstition, and pseudoscience were still being formulated, and a devoutly Christian biblical perspective
Isaac_Newton's_occult_studies
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
are known only from anecdotes. Second sight and ESP are classified as pseudosciences. In the 1930s, at Duke University in North Carolina, J. B. Rhine and
Extrasensory_perception
Ship found abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean in 1872
Falsifiability Fringe science Groupthink Hypnosis Junk science Protoscience Pseudoscience Scientific evidence Scientific method Superstition Uncertainty Urban
Mary_Celeste
logical fallacies, misunderstandings of science, or the popularization of pseudoscience and pseudohistory. Some misconceptions are also considered urban legends
List_of_common_misconceptions
Psychic ability
the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction. According to historians
Telepathy
Indian folk herbalist
the broader tradition of Indian folk medicine, which is regarded as pseudoscience. She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2024. Lego has told regional Indian
Yanung_Jamoh_Lego
Form of pseudoscientific alternative medicine
Chiropractic Education International List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Toftness device World Federation of Chiropractic "The Dark Side of Musculoskeletal
Chiropractic
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Soviet government persecuted geneticists in favour of Lysenkoism, a pseudoscience rejected by the scientific community in the Soviet Union and abroad
Soviet_Union
Indian government ministry for alternative medicine systems
official ministry in 2014. The ministry has been accused of promoting pseudoscience as most of the practices regulated are pseudoscientific. It has faced
Ministry_of_Ayush
American professor of neurology and science writer
Skeptical Inquiry, Hines is the author of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal which focuses on the fields of pseudoscience and the paranormal in the United States
Terence_Hines
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Principal concepts Consilience Demarcation Evidence Induction Justification Pseudoscience Critique of metaphysics Unity of science Verificationism Antitheses
Vladimir_Lenin
Study of UFOs
generally regarded by skeptics and science educators as an example of pseudoscience. Ufology is a neologism derived from UFO (a term coined by Edward J
Ufology
Influencing of objects without physical interaction, with one's mind
telekinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience. There is a broad scientific consensus that telekinetic research has
Telekinesis
Pseudoscientific healing technique
such a life force exists. Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. Its marketing has
Reiki
Mythical creature in Scottish folklore
animals, mundane objects, and other recognized natural phenomena. The pseudoscience and subculture of cryptozoology has placed particular emphasis on the
Loch_Ness_Monster
Unsupported hypothesis about effects of quantum spin
just mentioned has nothing to do with science. Kruglyakov, Edward P. "Pseudoscience. How Does It Threaten Science and the Public? Report at a RAN Presidium
Torsion_field_(pseudoscience)
Australian convicted scammer (born 1991)
October 1991) is an Australian health fraudster, former influencer and pseudoscience advocate. She is the author of The Whole Pantry mobile app and its later
Belle_Gibson
Mythical lost continent
in the Pacific Ocean before its destruction. The place of Mu in both pseudoscience and fantasy fiction is discussed in detail in Lost Continents (1954
Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)
Ancient Greek and Roman system of medicine involving four fluid types
until the early ninth century. Use of the practice in modern times is pseudoscience. Humoral theory was the grand unified theory of medicine, before the
Humorism
Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record
the superstitions intrinsic to occultism. Pseudohistory is related to pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology, and usage of the terms may occasionally overlap
Pseudohistory
Law of statistics
breaking to required high level). The law comes up in criticism of pseudoscience and is sometimes called the Jeane Dixon effect (see also Postdiction)
Law_of_truly_large_numbers
American politician (born 1954)
contained in flu vaccines. Craig Foster, a psychology professor who studies pseudoscience, deemed the challenge "not science", calling it a "carefully constructed
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Disproven hypothesis
Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis. The concept of a hollow
Hollow_Earth
Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices
nationalism and pseudoscience". Quartz India. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Kaufman, Allison B.; Kaufman, James C. (2018). Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy
Quackery
Interpretation of out-of-body experiences
universe. As a result, astral projection has been characterized as pseudoscience. Similar concepts of soul travel appear in various other religious traditions
Astral_projection
American parapsychologist (born 1936)
even a competent examiner may fail to distinguish innovation from pseudoscience." In 2017, he co-founded the UFO-dedicated company To the Stars with
Harold_E._Puthoff
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
pseudoscience which carries no predictive capability, with many philosophers of science considering it a "paradigm or prime example of pseudoscience."
Astrology
Form of psychotherapy
Pignotti MG (2015). "Chapter 4: Pseudoscience in Treating Adults Who Experienced Trauma". Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice. Springer
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Eye_movement_desensitization_and_reprocessing
place. List of hoaxes Williams, William F., ed. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Book Builders Incorporated. ISBN 0-8160-3351-X. Eveleth, Rose (21 November
List_of_spurious_inventions
British writer (born 1950)
Netflix documentary series which critics and archaeologists condemned as pseudoscience. Hancock's theories are the basis of Ancient Apocalypse, a 2022 documentary
Graham_Hancock
Indian cardiologist
Towards a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience". In Pigliucci M, Boudry M (eds.). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem
B._M._Hegde
Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
science and non-science. It also examines the boundaries between science, pseudoscience and other products of human activity, like art and literature and beliefs
Demarcation_problem
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up transmutation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Transmutation may refer to: Chrysopoeia and argyropoeia, the transmutations of base metals, such
Transmutation
Idea which departs from accepted scholarship in the field
other dismissive labels, such as pseudoarchaeology, pseudohistory, and pseudoscience. Describing ideas as fringe theories may be less pejorative than describing
Fringe_theory
American video streaming service
viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix's content has also been criticized by disability rights movement
Netflix
Pseudoscientific analysis of handwriting
supported by scientific evidence, and as such it is considered to be a pseudoscience. Graphology has been controversial for more than a century. Although
Graphology
Science organisation in India
Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started
Indian Science Congress Association
Indian_Science_Congress_Association
Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence
claims about spiritism, of various widely held superstitions, and of pseudoscience. Publications such as those of the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij
Scientific_skepticism
English phrase
"Not even wrong" is a phrase used to describe pseudoscience or bad science. It describes an argument or explanation that purports to be scientific but
Not_even_wrong
Mythical creature
distinct subculture. Enthusiasts of Bigfoot, such as those within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, have offered various forms of dubious evidence to
Bigfoot
American alternative medicine advocate (born 1946)
regularly been criticized by medical and scientific professionals as pseudoscience. The criticism has been described as ranging "from the dismissive to
Deepak_Chopra
Pseudoscience claiming to build on quantum mechanics
mechanics and its interpretations. Quantum mysticism is considered pseudoscience and quackery by quantum mechanics experts. Before the 1970s the term
Quantum_mysticism
Chinese religious movement
Qigong fever, there were heated debates on whether ESP was a science or pseudoscience. At its peak, it is estimated that the number of qigong practitioners
Qigong_fever
Hypothetical vehicle deriving energy from water
coverage, and websites. The claims for these devices have been found to be pseudoscience and some were found to be tied to investment frauds. These vehicles
Water-fuelled_car
Pseudoscientific concept
that remote viewing is possible, and it is generally regarded as a pseudoscience. A remote viewer is expected to give information about an object, event
Remote_viewing
Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
personality, experts in personality assessment widely dismiss the system as pseudoscience. The origins and historical development of the Enneagram of Personality
Enneagram_of_Personality
Unscientific healthcare practices
religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "energies", pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources
Alternative_medicine
Pseudoscientific claims of past alien contact
hypothesis First contact (science fiction) List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Panspermia Pseudoarchaeology Science fantasy Silurian hypothesis Xenoarchaeology
Ancient_astronauts
American internet personality
views on race and intelligence have been criticized as an example of pseudoscience entering mainstream academia. He has been associated with natalism.
Jordan_Lasker
are rejected by mainstream medical consensus and are associated with pseudoscience due to a lack of scientific evidence for their existence, proposed mechanism
List of diagnoses characterized as pseudoscience
List_of_diagnoses_characterized_as_pseudoscience
1995 book by Carl Sagan
that are considered valid science and those that can be considered pseudoscience. Sagan states that when new ideas are offered for consideration, they
The_Demon-Haunted_World
Alleged audio recording of Bigfoot
though scientific consensus maintains Bigfoot remains firmly within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology and is not a real creature. Accounts of large hairy
Sierra_Sounds
Pseudoscientific needling treatment
in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge
Acupuncture
American psychologist
2008". Bigliardi, Stefano (2019). "The Advocates of Pseudoscience Are Not Monsters - but Pseudoscience Is". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (6). Center for Inquiry:
James_C._Kaufman
Highly speculative approaches in historic metrology
of historic metrology are highly speculative and can be qualified as pseudoscience. In 1637, John Greaves, professor of geometry at Gresham College, made
Pseudoscientific_metrology
Pseudoscientific personality questionnaire
Verifying Type Despite its popularity, the MBTI has been widely regarded as pseudoscience by the scientific community. The validity (statistical validity and
Myers–Briggs_Type_Indicator
American writer and critic (1809–1849)
In his critical works, Poe investigated and wrote about many of the pseudosciences that were then popular with the majority of his fellow Americans. They
Edgar_Allan_Poe
1997 book by Michael Shermer
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time is a 1997 book by science writer Michael Shermer. The foreword
Why People Believe Weird Things
Why_People_Believe_Weird_Things
2003 essay collection by Robert Todd Carroll
Cryptozoology Extraterrestrials and UFOs Frauds and hoaxes Junk science and pseudoscience Logic and perception New Age beliefs The paranormal and the occult Science
The_Skeptic's_Dictionary
Topics referred to by the same term
Natural healing may refer to: Healing, the natural process of regeneration of damaged tissue Vitalism Naturopathy (also known as Naturopathic medicine)
Natural_healing
Hypothesis that attraction may be a product of genetic similarities
evidence for the position, some commentators regard the hypothesis as pseudoscience. The term is also used for a phenomenon in which biologically related
Genetic_sexual_attraction
2024 book by Jonathan N. Stea
N. Stea. This book examines the Wellness industry, the harm medical pseudoscience can have on individuals in the hope that people will be able to make
Mind_the_Science
Organization centered around UFOs
United States. The organization has been criticized for its focus on pseudoscience, and critics say its investigators fail to use the scientific method
Mutual_UFO_Network
Intersection of transphobia and misogyny, experienced by transfeminine individuals
Transmisogyny, otherwise known as trans-misogyny and transphobic misogyny, is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny as experienced by trans women
Transmisogyny
Austrian esotericist (1861–1925)
mysticism with no less fashionable pseudoscience." A French author wrote that Anthroposophy "is a clever mix of pseudoscience, esotericism and mysticism". Steiner
Rudolf_Steiner
Foretelling the future through the study of the palm
across various teachings of palmistry. Palmistry is widely viewed as a pseudoscience due to various contradictions between different interpretations and
Palmistry
Government division for indigenous knowledge
Critics of the IKS division have asserted that its curricula peddle pseudoscience and pseudohistory, do not constitute a genuine scholarly "decolonisation"
Indian_Knowledge_Systems
Pseudoscientific belief
supporting the law of attraction, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience or religion couched in scientific language. This belief has alternative
Law of attraction (New Thought)
Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)
Paranormal sight of the future
that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot
Precognition
Study of general and fundamental questions
science. It reflects on what science is and how to distinguish it from pseudoscience. It investigates the methods employed by scientists, how their application
Philosophy
Spiritual and pseudoscientific philosophy
termed pseudoscientific by experts in epistemology and debunkers of pseudoscience. Anthroposophy has its roots in German idealism, Western and Eastern
Anthroposophy
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
homoeopathy is pseudoscience". Synthese. 200 (5) 394. doi:10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w. Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not
Homeopathy
Pseudoscientific human ability to detect radiation
existence of the phenomenon and it is classed by the mainstream as pseudoscience. One definition is "sensitivity to radiations of all kinds emanating
Radiesthesia
American extraterrestrial visitation television series
cosmologists, archaeologists and other scientists for presenting and promoting pseudoscience, pseudohistory and pseudoarchaeology as fact. Episodes are frequently
Ancient_Aliens
Therapy, now rarely used in medicine
cells. The traditional medical practice of bloodletting is considered a pseudoscience, though the method is still commonly used in forms of alternative medicine
Bloodletting
American actress (born 1965)
woman. And I want to see her do well. And I know that psychiatry is a pseudoscience." Shields responded that Cruise's remarks on antidepressants were "irresponsible"
Brooke_Shields
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
such as SARS-CoV-2. Some theories originate in, or are perpetuated by, pseudoscience, which claims to be both scientific and factual, but fails to follow
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
controlled studies and has no scientific validity, and is thus regarded as pseudoscience. There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and
Astrology_and_science
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has
Parapsychology
Grouping by physical or social qualities
v t e Obsolete definitions of race Racism Scientific racism Pseudoscience Color terminology Black Bronze Brown Olive Red White Concepts Australoid Caucasoid
Race_(human_categorization)
Belief that a person can live without food
v t e Pseudoscience List of pseudoscience topics Terminology Cargo cult science Charlatan Crank Fringe theory Fringe science Pseudoarchaeology Pseudohistory
Inedia
Purported phenomena beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding
pertain to extrasensory perceptions (for example, telepathy), and the pseudosciences of ghost hunting, cryptozoology, and ufology. Proposals regarding the
Paranormal
Pseudoscientific approach to psychotherapy
supports the claims made by NLP advocates, and it has been called a pseudoscience. Scientific reviews have shown that NLP is based on outdated metaphors
Neuro-linguistic_programming
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
Male
English
Anglicized form of Greek Iaret (Hebrew Yered), JARED means "descent." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Enoch and a descendant of Judah. Also spelled Jered.
Male
Italian
Italian form of German Hermann, ERMANNO means "army man."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Sussex and Kent)
English (mainly Sussex and Kent) : topographic name from Middle English hilder ‘dweller on a slope’ (from Old English hylde ‘slope’).
Female
English
English name derived from the Italian phrase cara mia, CARAMIA means "my beloved."
Boy/Male
Scottish
From Livingston.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Who Sings the Holy Rig Veda
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English, Old French sur(ri)gien (from a derivative of Late Latin chirurgia ‘handiwork’), hence an occupational name for a person who performed operations, mostly amputations. Before the advent of anaesthetics, only crude surgery was possible, and the calling was often combined with that of the barber or bath house attendant.French : topographic name for someone who lived close to a gushing spring.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Diamond; Gem
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Born of the Heart
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Iranian, Parsi
A Female Character in Shahnameh
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE