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Unscientific claims presented as scientific
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be scientific but are inherently incompatible with the scientific method. Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience
a list of topics that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community. Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that
List_of_pseudoscience_topics
Soviet Communist concept
Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука, burzhuaznaya lzhenauka) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines
Bourgeois_pseudoscience
Study of a social phenomenon
The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while
History_of_pseudoscience
Pseudoscientific study of the Earth's natural radiation on human, animal and plant biology
have not been scientifically proven; thus, it is considered a form of pseudoscience. Within geobiology, distinct patterns of Earth radiation, mainly Hartmann
Geobiology_(pseudoscience)
2013 nonfiction book by Pigliucci & Boudry
Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem is a set of 23 essays that wrestle with the demarcation problem which is the question
Philosophy_of_Pseudoscience
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
and policies are now understood as part of a specious devotion to a pseudoscience that actively dehumanises to support political agendas and not true
Eugenics
unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been
List_of_cryptids
Person claiming extrasensory perception abilities
proof of the existence of such powers, and describes the practice as pseudoscience. Psychics encompass people in a variety of roles. Some are theatrical
Psychic
Russian scientific organisation
The Commission on Pseudoscience (Russian: Комиссия по борьбе с лженаукой) is a Russian scientific organization under the Presidium of the Russian Academy
Commission_on_Pseudoscience
Dubious idea about physiological cycles
scientific evidence, leading to the charge that it had become a kind of pseudoscience due to its proponents' rejection of empirical testing: An examination
Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)
Geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, Peru
ISBN 0-87169-183-3 Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 2008. Haughton, Brian
Nazca_lines
Claimed form of extrasensory perception
widely considers parapsychology, including the study of clairvoyance, a pseudoscience. Pertaining to the ability of clear-sightedness, clairvoyance refers
Clairvoyance
Non-scientific hypothetical objects
number of planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence. Kolob is a
Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience
Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
are known only from anecdotes. Second sight and ESP are classified as pseudosciences. In the 1930s, at Duke University in North Carolina, J. B. Rhine and
Extrasensory_perception
2002 book by Michael Shermer
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience is a two-volume collection of articles that discuss the Skeptics Society's scientific findings of investigations
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience and subculture that studies creatures
Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed
Cryptozoology
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
Principal concepts Consilience Demarcation Evidence Induction Justification Pseudoscience Critique of metaphysics Unity of science Verificationism Antitheses
Stephen_Hawking
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Soviet government persecuted geneticists in favour of Lysenkoism, a pseudoscience rejected by the scientific community in the Soviet Union and abroad
Soviet_Union
American politician (born 1954)
v t e Pseudoscience List of pseudoscience topics By type Alchemy Aquatic ape hypothesis Astrology Biodynamic agriculture Biological transmutation Conscientiology
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Study of UFOs
generally regarded by skeptics and science educators as an example of pseudoscience. Ufology is a neologism derived from UFO (a term coined by Edward J
Ufology
Pseudoscientific healing technique
such a life force exists. Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. Its marketing has
Reiki
Manipulation of objects without physical interaction, with one's mind
telekinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience. There is a broad scientific consensus that telekinetic research has
Telekinesis
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Principal concepts Consilience Demarcation Evidence Induction Justification Pseudoscience Critique of metaphysics Unity of science Verificationism Antitheses
Vladimir_Lenin
in the Pacific Ocean before its destruction. The place of Mu in both pseudoscience and fantasy fiction is discussed in detail in Lost Continents (1954
Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)
2024 book by Jonathan N. Stea
N. Stea. This book examines the Wellness industry, the harm medical pseudoscience can have on individuals in the hope that people will be able to make
Mind_the_Science
1997 book by Michael Shermer
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time is a 1997 book by science writer Michael Shermer. The foreword
Why People Believe Weird Things
Why_People_Believe_Weird_Things
American professor of neurology and science writer
Skeptical Inquiry, Hines is the author of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal which focuses on the fields of pseudoscience and the paranormal in the United States
Terence_Hines
Indian cardiologist
Towards a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience". In Pigliucci M, Boudry M (eds.). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem
B._M._Hegde
Interpretation of out-of-body experiences
universe. As a result, astral projection has been characterized as pseudoscience. Similar concepts of soul travel appear in various other religious traditions
Astral_projection
American psychologist
2008". Bigliardi, Stefano (2019). "The Advocates of Pseudoscience Are Not Monsters - but Pseudoscience Is". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (6). Center for Inquiry:
James_C._Kaufman
Mythical creature in Scottish folklore
animals, mundane objects, and other recognized natural phenomena. The pseudoscience and subculture of cryptozoology has placed particular emphasis on the
Loch_Ness_Monster
Indian folk herbalist
the broader tradition of Indian folk medicine, which is regarded as pseudoscience. She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2024. Lego has told regional Indian
Yanung_Jamoh_Lego
Pseudoscientific attempts to locate underground objects
no more effective than random chance. It is therefore regarded as a pseudoscience. Dowsing originated in ancient times, when it was treated as a form
Dowsing
English phrase
"Not even wrong" is a phrase used to describe pseudoscience or bad science. It describes an argument or explanation that purports to be scientific but
Not_even_wrong
Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence
claims about spiritism, of various widely held superstitions, and of pseudoscience. Publications such as those of the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij
Scientific_skepticism
Law of statistics
breaking to required high level). The law comes up in criticism of pseudoscience and is sometimes called the Jeane Dixon effect (see also Postdiction)
Law_of_truly_large_numbers
Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices
nationalism and pseudoscience". Quartz India. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Kaufman, Allison B.; Kaufman, James C. (2018). Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy
Quackery
Topics referred to by the same term
Natural healing may refer to: Healing, the natural process of regeneration of damaged tissue Vitalism Naturopathy (also known as Naturopathic medicine)
Natural_healing
Pseudoscientific analysis of handwriting
supported by scientific evidence, and as such it is considered to be a pseudoscience. Graphology has been controversial for more than a century. Although
Graphology
Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
science and non-science. It also examines the boundaries between science, pseudoscience and other products of human activity, like art and literature and beliefs
Demarcation_problem
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
homoeopathy is pseudoscience". Synthese. 200 (5) 394. doi:10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w. Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not
Homeopathy
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
pseudoscience which carries no predictive capability, with many philosophers of science considering it a "paradigm or prime example of pseudoscience."
Astrology
Mythical creature
distinct subculture. Enthusiasts of Bigfoot, such as those within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, have offered various forms of dubious evidence to
Bigfoot
Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
personality, experts in personality assessment widely dismiss the system as pseudoscience. The origins and historical development of the Enneagram of Personality
Enneagram_of_Personality
Unsupported hypothesis about effects of quantum spin
just mentioned has nothing to do with science. Kruglyakov, Edward P. "Pseudoscience. How Does It Threaten Science and the Public? Report at a RAN Presidium
Torsion_field_(pseudoscience)
logical fallacies, misunderstandings of science, or the popularization of pseudoscience and pseudohistory. Some misconceptions are also considered urban legends
List_of_common_misconceptions
Science organisation in India
Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started
Indian Science Congress Association
Indian_Science_Congress_Association
American parapsychologist (born 1936)
even a competent examiner may fail to distinguish innovation from pseudoscience." In 2017, he co-founded the UFO-dedicated company To the Stars with
Harold_E._Puthoff
Pseudoscientific human ability to detect radiation
existence of the phenomenon and it is classed by the mainstream as pseudoscience. One definition is "sensitivity to radiations of all kinds emanating
Radiesthesia
American writer and critic (1809–1849)
In his critical works, Poe investigated and wrote about many of the pseudosciences that were then popular with the majority of his fellow Americans. They
Edgar_Allan_Poe
American video streaming service
viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix's content has also been criticized by disability rights movement
Netflix
Regarded as pseudoarchaeology by geologists and archaeologists
the supposed findings and methods used in the search are regarded as pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology by geologists and archaeologists. At the end of
Searches_for_Noah's_Ark
Intersection of transphobia and misogyny
Transmisogyny, otherwise known as trans-misogyny and transphobic misogyny, is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny as experienced by trans women
Transmisogyny
Indian government ministry for alternative medicine systems
official ministry in 2014. The ministry has been accused of promoting pseudoscience as most of the practices regulated are pseudoscientific. It has faced
Ministry_of_Ayush
Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record
the superstitions intrinsic to occultism. Pseudohistory is related to pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology, and usage of the terms may occasionally overlap
Pseudohistory
Idea which departs from accepted scholarship in the field
other dismissive labels, such as pseudoarchaeology, pseudohistory, and pseudoscience. Describing ideas as fringe theories may be less pejorative than describing
Fringe_theory
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has
Parapsychology
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up transmutation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Transmutation may refer to: Chrysopoeia and argyropoeia, the transmutations of base metals, such
Transmutation
Psychic ability
the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction. According to historians
Telepathy
Australian convicted scammer (born 1991)
October 1991) is an Australian health fraudster, former influencer and pseudoscience advocate. She is the author of The Whole Pantry mobile app and its later
Belle_Gibson
Brain training and body movement programme
training and body movement programme. It is widely considered to be pseudoscience. "Brain Gym International" is the trade name of the Educational Kinesiology
Brain_Gym_International
American alternative medicine advocate (born 1946)
regularly been criticized by medical and scientific professionals as pseudoscience. The criticism has been described as ranging "from the dismissive to
Deepak_Chopra
Hypothesis that attraction may be a product of genetic similarities
evidence for the position, some commentators regard the hypothesis as pseudoscience. The term is also used for a phenomenon in which biologically related
Genetic_sexual_attraction
Pseudoscientific concept
that remote viewing is possible, and it is generally regarded as a pseudoscience. A remote viewer is expected to give information about an object, event
Remote_viewing
Belgian philosopher (born 1984)
for his criticism of activist movements and critical attitude toward pseudoscience. In his MA thesis, entitled De naakte Keizers van de Psychoanalyse (The
Maarten_Boudry
Pseudoscientific needling treatment
in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge
Acupuncture
Word synonymous with intellectual
culture. The term, first recorded in 1875, draws its metonymy from the pseudoscience of phrenology, which claims people with large foreheads are more intelligent
Highbrow
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up modality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Modality may refer to: Modality (theology), the organization and structure of the church, as distinct
Modality
American writer and lecturer
writer and lecturer whose work has been dismissed by some peers as pseudoscience. By his own admission, his ideas have not received attention from mainstream
Bruce_Lipton
Government division for indigenous knowledge
Critics of the IKS division have asserted that its curricula peddle pseudoscience and pseudohistory, do not constitute a genuine scholarly "decolonisation"
Indian_Knowledge_Systems
are rejected by mainstream medical consensus and are associated with pseudoscience due to a lack of scientific evidence for their existence, proposed mechanism
List of diagnoses characterized as pseudoscience
List_of_diagnoses_characterized_as_pseudoscience
Alternative medicine technique
Applied kinesiology (AK), also known as muscle testing, is a pseudoscience-based technique in alternative medicine claimed to be able to diagnose illness
Applied_kinesiology
Holistic concept of health
"offer[s] open-minded alternatives." Michael D. Gordin writes that pseudoscience is a bad category for analysis because it exists entirely as a negative
Wellness (alternative medicine)
Wellness_(alternative_medicine)
Paranormal sight of the future
that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot
Precognition
Book by Kenneth L. Feder
Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology is a book by Kenneth L. Feder on the topic of pseudoarchaeology. Feder is an emeritus
Frauds,_Myths,_and_Mysteries
Pseudoscientific study of human skull shape
Phrenology is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. It is based on the concept that the brain
Phrenology
Pseudoscience claiming to build on quantum mechanics
mechanics and its interpretations. Quantum mysticism is considered pseudoscience and quackery by quantum mechanics experts. Before the 1970s the term
Quantum_mysticism
1994 book by Michael Newton
Journey of Souls Author Dr. Michael Newton Language English Genre Pseudoscience, Spiritual case studies Publisher Llewellyn Publications, USA Publication date
Journey_of_Souls_(book)
Practice of predicting information about a person's life
visionary. Fortune telling is dismissed by skeptics as being based on pseudoscience, magical thinking and superstition. A person who practices this art
Fortune-telling
Form of alternative medicine
marketed with unproven claims of various health benefits, is recognized as pseudoscience and is generally characterized as quackery. It is based on Rolf's ideas
Rolfing
Neurodevelopmental disorder
long-lasting effects of harmful, racially targeted medical practices. Medical pseudosciences, particularly those that targeted Black populations during the period
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
of lost inventions Williams, William F., ed. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Book Builders Incorporated. ISBN 0-8160-3351-X. Eveleth, Rose (21 November
List_of_spurious_inventions
Study of the past
ISBN 978-1-85109-930-6. Allchin, Douglas (2004). "Pseudohistory and Pseudoscience". Science & Education. 13 (3): 179–195. Bibcode:2004Sc&Ed..13..179A
History
Study of abstract structures described by formal systems
studies & Society Communication Community Education Funding Policy Pseudoscience Scientist Science portal Outline Category Article indexes Glossaries
Formal_science
Form of psychotherapy
Pignotti MG (2015). "Chapter 4: Pseudoscience in Treating Adults Who Experienced Trauma". Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice. Springer
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Eye_movement_desensitization_and_reprocessing
Organization centered around UFOs
United States. The organization has been criticized for its focus on pseudoscience, and critics say its investigators fail to use the scientific method
Mutual_UFO_Network
American physicist and skeptic (1928–2021)
Fringes Of Science, Friedlander also gave critical lectures opposing pseudoscience and, in particular, the pseudohistorical and pseudoscientific theories
Michael_W._Friedlander
Disproven hypothesis
Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis. The concept of a hollow
Hollow_Earth
Pseudoscience of face reading
vegetation). Physiognomy as a practice meets the contemporary definition of pseudoscience, and is regarded as such by academics because of its unsupported claims;
Physiognomy
Jargon-sounding nonsense
Reverse the polarity Rubber science Sokal affair Turbo encabulator Pseudoscience May 2019, p. 49. Chernikova 2025, pp. 266, 270. Chernikova 2025, p. 269
Technobabble
Study of general and fundamental questions
science. It reflects on what science is and how to distinguish it from pseudoscience. It investigates the methods employed by scientists, how their application
Philosophy
controlled studies and has no scientific validity, and is thus regarded as pseudoscience. There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and
Astrology_and_science
Concept in education
The learning pyramid (also known as “the cone of learning”, “the learning cone”, “the cone of retention”, “the pyramid of learning”, or “the pyramid of
Learning_pyramid
Topics referred to by the same term
pseudoscientific concept rooted in alternative medicine Torsion field (pseudoscience), a hypothetical source of energy with no current basis Force field
Energy_field
American author and podcast host (born 1970)
February 7, 2021. Lange, Maggie (2020). "What's Up With All The Sketchy Pseudoscience On Netflix?". Vice.com. Retrieved February 7, 2021. Schatz, Robin D
Darin_Olien
Italian skeptic organization
The Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims on Pseudosciences (Italian: Comitato Italiano per il Controllo delle Affermazioni sulle Pseudoscienze;
CICAP
2004 book by Masaru Emoto
the Irish Times, described The Hidden Messages in Water as a work of pseudoscience, and characterized the book as "an amalgam of science and mumbo-jumbo"
The_Hidden_Messages_in_Water
Conspiracy theory and fake news website
promotes anti-vaccination content, conspiracy theories, fake news, and pseudoscience. The website began publishing articles in 2008 and is based in the United
Natural_News
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
such as SARS-CoV-2. Some theories originate in, or are perpetuated by, pseudoscience, which claims to be both scientific and factual, but fails to follow
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
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