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Unscientific claims presented as scientific
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be scientific but are inherently incompatible with the scientific method. Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience
a list of topics that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community. Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that
List_of_pseudoscience_topics
Study of a social phenomenon
The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while
History_of_pseudoscience
Soviet Communist concept
Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука, burzhuaznaya lzhenauka) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines
Bourgeois_pseudoscience
2013 nonfiction book by Pigliucci & Boudry
Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem is a set of 23 essays that wrestle with the demarcation problem which is the question
Philosophy_of_Pseudoscience
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
and policies are now understood as part of a specious devotion to a pseudoscience that actively dehumanises to support political agendas and not true
Eugenics
unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been
List_of_cryptids
Person claiming extrasensory perception abilities
proof of the existence of such powers, and describes the practice as pseudoscience. Psychics encompass people in a variety of roles. Some are theatrical
Psychic
Russian scientific organisation
The Commission on Pseudoscience (Russian: Комиссия по борьбе с лженаукой) is a Russian scientific organization under the Presidium of the Russian Academy
Commission_on_Pseudoscience
Claimed form of extrasensory perception
widely considers parapsychology, including the study of clairvoyance, a pseudoscience. Pertaining to the ability of clear-sightedness, clairvoyance refers
Clairvoyance
Pseudoscientific study of the Earth's natural radiation on human, animal and plant biology
have not been scientifically proven; thus, it is considered a form of pseudoscience. Within geobiology, distinct patterns of Earth radiation, mainly Hartmann
Geobiology_(pseudoscience)
Dubious idea about physiological cycles
scientific evidence, leading to the charge that it had become a kind of pseudoscience due to its proponents' rejection of empirical testing: An examination
Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)
Geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, Peru
ISBN 0-87169-183-3 Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 2008. Haughton, Brian
Nazca_lines
American politician (born 1954)
v t e Pseudoscience List of pseudoscience topics By type Alchemy Aquatic ape hypothesis Astrology Biodynamic agriculture Biological transmutation Conscientiology
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
Pseudoscience and subculture that studies creatures
Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed
Cryptozoology
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Principal concepts Consilience Demarcation Evidence Induction Justification Pseudoscience Critique of metaphysics Unity of science Verificationism Antitheses
Vladimir_Lenin
American professor of neurology and science writer
Skeptical Inquiry, Hines is the author of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal which focuses on the fields of pseudoscience and the paranormal in the United States
Terence_Hines
Non-scientific hypothetical objects
number of planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence. Kolob is a
Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience
Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience
American actor (born 1943)
Robert Anthony De Niro (/də ˈnɪəroʊ/ də NEER-roh; Italian: [de ˈniːro]; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor and producer. Widely regarded as one
Robert_De_Niro
logical fallacies, misunderstandings of science, or the popularization of pseudoscience and pseudohistory. Some misconceptions are also considered urban legends
List_of_common_misconceptions
Inquiries far outside of mainstream science
and pseudoscience is disputed. Friedlander writes that there is no widespread understanding of what separates science from nonscience or pseudoscience. Pseudoscience
Fringe_science
2002 book by Michael Shermer
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience is a two-volume collection of articles that discuss the Skeptics Society's scientific findings of investigations
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience
Manipulation of objects without physical interaction, with one's mind
telekinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience. There is a broad scientific consensus that telekinetic research has
Telekinesis
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
are known only from anecdotes. Second sight and ESP are classified as pseudosciences. In the 1930s, at Duke University in North Carolina, J. B. Rhine and
Extrasensory_perception
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Soviet government persecuted geneticists in favour of Lysenkoism, a pseudoscience rejected by the scientific community in the Soviet Union and abroad
Soviet_Union
Study of UFOs
generally regarded by skeptics and science educators as an example of pseudoscience. Ufology is a neologism derived from UFO (a term coined by Edward J
Ufology
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
Principal concepts Consilience Demarcation Evidence Induction Justification Pseudoscience Critique of metaphysics Unity of science Verificationism Antitheses
Stephen_Hawking
Form of pseudoscientific alternative medicine
Chiropractic Education International List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Toftness device World Federation of Chiropractic "The Dark Side of Musculoskeletal
Chiropractic
Mythical creature in Scottish folklore
animals, mundane objects, and other recognized natural phenomena. The pseudoscience and subculture of cryptozoology has placed particular emphasis on the
Loch_Ness_Monster
in the Pacific Ocean before its destruction. The place of Mu in both pseudoscience and fantasy fiction is discussed in detail in Lost Continents (1954
Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)
Interpretation of out-of-body experiences
universe. As a result, astral projection has been characterized as pseudoscience. Similar concepts of soul travel appear in various other religious traditions
Astral_projection
Indian herbalist
for her work providing herbal medicine, which is commonly regarded as pseudoscience, to over 10,000 people with conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and
Yanung_Jamoh_Lego
Foretelling the future through the study of the palm
across various teachings of palmistry. Palmistry is widely viewed as a pseudoscience due to various contradictions between different interpretations and
Palmistry
Pseudoscientific healing technique
such a life force exists. Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. Its marketing has
Reiki
Topics referred to by the same term
Natural healing may refer to: Healing, the natural process of regeneration of damaged tissue Vitalism Naturopathy (also known as Naturopathic medicine)
Natural_healing
Disproven hypothesis
Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis. The concept of a hollow
Hollow_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up transmutation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Transmutation may refer to: Chrysopoeia and argyropoeia, the transmutations of base metals, such
Transmutation
Law of statistics
1980, Austin Society to Oppose Pseudoscience (ASTOP) distributed by ICSA (former American Family Foundation) "Pseudoscience Fact Sheets, ASTOP: Psychic Detectives"
Law_of_truly_large_numbers
2024 book by Jonathan N. Stea
N. Stea. This book examines the Wellness industry, the harm medical pseudoscience can have on individuals in the hope that people will be able to make
Mind_the_Science
Psychic ability
the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction. According to historians
Telepathy
Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record
the superstitions intrinsic to occultism. Pseudohistory is related to pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology, and usage of the terms may occasionally overlap
Pseudohistory
Pseudoscientific attempts to locate underground objects
no more effective than random chance. It is therefore regarded as a pseudoscience. Dowsing originated in ancient times, when it was treated as a form
Dowsing
Pseudoscientific human ability to detect radiation
existence of the phenomenon and it is classed by the mainstream as pseudoscience. One definition is "sensitivity to radiations of all kinds emanating
Radiesthesia
Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence
claims about spiritism, of various widely held superstitions, and of pseudoscience. Publications such as those of the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij
Scientific_skepticism
Pseudoscientific analysis of handwriting
supported by scientific evidence, and as such it is considered to be a pseudoscience. Graphology has been controversial for more than a century. Although
Graphology
American parapsychologist (born 1936)
even a competent examiner may fail to distinguish innovation from pseudoscience." In the late 1980s and 1990s, Puthoff co-authored papers using the
Harold_E._Puthoff
Unsupported hypothesis about effects of quantum spin
just mentioned has nothing to do with science. Kruglyakov, Edward P. "Pseudoscience. How Does It Threaten Science and the Public? Report at a RAN Presidium
Torsion_field_(pseudoscience)
Purported phenomena beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding
Hines said in his book Pseudoscience and the Paranormal (2003): The paranormal can best be thought of as a subset of pseudoscience. What sets the paranormal
Paranormal
Idea which departs from accepted scholarship in the field
other dismissive labels, such as pseudoarchaeology, pseudohistory, and pseudoscience. Describing ideas as fringe theories may be less pejorative than describing
Fringe_theory
Pseudoscientific needling treatment
in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge
Acupuncture
Mythical creature
distinct subculture. Enthusiasts of Bigfoot, such as those within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, have offered various forms of dubious evidence to
Bigfoot
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has
Parapsychology
Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices
nationalism and pseudoscience". Quartz India. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Kaufman, Allison B.; Kaufman, James C. (2018). Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy
Quackery
Pseudoscience claiming to build on quantum mechanics
mechanics and its interpretations. Quantum mysticism is considered pseudoscience and quackery by quantum mechanics experts. Before the 1970s the term
Quantum_mysticism
Indian government ministry for alternative medicine systems
official ministry in 2014. The ministry has been accused of promoting pseudoscience as most of the practices regulated are pseudoscientific. It has faced
Ministry_of_Ayush
American video streaming service
viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix's content has also been criticized by disability rights movement
Netflix
Australian convicted scammer (born 1991)
October 1991) is an Australian health fraudster, former influencer and pseudoscience advocate. She is the author of The Whole Pantry mobile app and its later
Belle_Gibson
Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
science and non-science. It also examines the boundaries between science, pseudoscience and other products of human activity, like art and literature and beliefs
Demarcation_problem
English phrase
"Not even wrong" is a phrase used to describe pseudoscience or bad science. It describes an argument or explanation that purports to be scientific but
Not_even_wrong
Holistic concept of health
"offer[s] open-minded alternatives." Michael D. Gordin writes that pseudoscience is a bad category for analysis because it exists entirely as a negative
Wellness (alternative medicine)
Wellness_(alternative_medicine)
Political and socioeconomic ideology
are commonplace within the field of economics as faulty, or simply as pseudoscience. Into the 21st century, there are multiple critiques of political economy;
Communism
Science organisation in India
Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started
Indian Science Congress Association
Indian_Science_Congress_Association
American psychologist
2008". Bigliardi, Stefano (2019). "The Advocates of Pseudoscience Are Not Monsters - but Pseudoscience Is". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (6). Center for Inquiry:
James_C._Kaufman
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
pseudoscience which carries no predictive capability, with many philosophers of science considering it a "paradigm or prime example of pseudoscience."
Astrology
1997 book by Michael Shermer
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time is a 1997 book by science writer Michael Shermer. The foreword
Why People Believe Weird Things
Why_People_Believe_Weird_Things
Form of psychotherapy
Pignotti MG (2015). "Chapter 4: Pseudoscience in Treating Adults Who Experienced Trauma". Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice. Springer
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Eye_movement_desensitization_and_reprocessing
Indian cardiologist
Towards a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience". In Pigliucci M, Boudry M (eds.). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem
B._M._Hegde
Form of alternative medicine
PMID 26720820. Although the boundaries separating pseudoscience from science are fuzzy, pseudosciences are characterized by several warning signs – fallible
Naturopathy
Word synonymous with intellectual
culture. The term, first recorded in 1875, draws its metonymy from the pseudoscience of phrenology, which claims people with large foreheads are more intelligent
Highbrow
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
homoeopathy is pseudoscience". Synthese. 200 (5) 394. doi:10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w. Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not
Homeopathy
American author and podcast host (born 1970)
February 7, 2021. Lange, Maggie (2020). "What's Up With All The Sketchy Pseudoscience On Netflix?". Vice.com. Retrieved February 7, 2021. Schatz, Robin D
Darin_Olien
1995 book by Carl Sagan
that are considered valid science and those that can be considered pseudoscience. Sagan states that when new ideas are offered for consideration, they
The_Demon-Haunted_World
American actress (born 1965)
woman. And I want to see her do well. And I know that psychiatry is a pseudoscience." Shields responded that Cruise's remarks on antidepressants were "irresponsible"
Brooke_Shields
Hypothesis that attraction may be a product of genetic similarities
evidence for the position, some commentators regard the hypothesis as pseudoscience. The term is also used for a phenomenon in which biologically related
Genetic_sexual_attraction
Belgian philosopher (born 1984)
for his criticism of activist movements and critical attitude toward pseudoscience. In his MA thesis, entitled De naakte Keizers van de Psychoanalyse (The
Maarten_Boudry
Practice of predicting information about a person's life
visionary. Fortune telling is dismissed by skeptics as being based on pseudoscience, magical thinking and superstition. A person who practices this art
Fortune-telling
controlled studies and has no scientific validity, and is thus regarded as pseudoscience. There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and
Astrology_and_science
Paranormal sight of the future
that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot
Precognition
Personality construct
Hoax Infodemic Malinformation Post-truth politics Potemkin village Pseudoscience Tabloid journalism Truthiness Mechanisms Psychological Cognitive bias
Psychopathy
Unscientific healthcare practices
religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "energies", pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources
Alternative_medicine
Pseudoscientific claims of past alien contact
hypothesis First contact (science fiction) List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Panspermia Pseudoarchaeology Science fantasy Silurian hypothesis Xenoarchaeology
Ancient_astronauts
American politician and fringe theorist (1831–1901)
Shakespearean authorship. These works are widely regarded as examples of pseudoscience and pseudohistory. Donnelly was the son of Philip Carrol Donnelly, an
Ignatius_L._Donnelly
Alleged audio recording of Bigfoot
though scientific consensus maintains Bigfoot remains firmly within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology and is not a real creature. In 1971, Ron Morehead and
Sierra_Sounds
Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
personality, experts in personality assessment widely dismiss the system as pseudoscience. The origins and historical development of the Enneagram of Personality
Enneagram_of_Personality
Alternative medicine technique
Applied kinesiology (AK), also known as muscle testing, is a pseudoscience-based technique in alternative medicine claimed to be able to diagnose illness
Applied_kinesiology
Study of general and fundamental questions
science. It reflects on what science is and how to distinguish it from pseudoscience. It investigates the methods employed by scientists, how their application
Philosophy
American clairvoyant (1877–1945)
Towards a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience". In Pigliucci M, Boudry M (eds.). Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem
Edgar_Cayce
American writer and critic (1809–1849)
In his critical works, Poe investigated and wrote about many of the pseudosciences that were then popular with the majority of his fellow Americans. They
Edgar_Allan_Poe
are rejected by mainstream medical consensus and are associated with pseudoscience due to a lack of scientific evidence for their existence, proposed mechanism
List of diagnoses characterized as pseudoscience
List_of_diagnoses_characterized_as_pseudoscience
Pseudoscientific concept
that remote viewing is possible, and it is generally regarded as a pseudoscience. A remote viewer is expected to give information about an object, event
Remote_viewing
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
such as SARS-CoV-2. Some theories originate in, or are perpetuated by, pseudoscience, which claims to be both scientific and factual, but fails to follow
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
British writer (born 1950)
Netflix documentary series which critics and archaeologists condemned as pseudoscience. Hancock's theories are the basis of Ancient Apocalypse, a 2022 documentary
Graham_Hancock
Pseudoscience linking character and blood type
generally dismisses blood type personality theories as superstition or pseudoscience because of lack of evidence or testable criteria. Despite the fact that
Blood_type_personality_theory
Organization centered around UFOs
United States. The organization has been criticized for its focus on pseudoscience, and critics say its investigators fail to use the scientific method
Mutual_UFO_Network
Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection
January 1, 2007. Kalichman S (2009). Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy. New York: Copernicus Books (Springer Science+Business
HIV/AIDS
Australian writer and producer
Simons, Christopher F. Chabris and Daniel J. (24 September 2010). "The Pseudoscience of 'The Secret' and 'The Power'". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 August
Rhonda_Byrne
1997 book by Neil Howe and William Strauss
wrote that The Fourth Turning was vague and verged into the realm of "pseudoscience"; "most of the authors' predictions about the American future turn out
The_Fourth_Turning
Australian breatharian (born 1957)
claims have been condemned by the scientific community as a dangerous pseudoscience. Jasmuheen was born in 1957 in New South Wales, Australia, to post-war
Jasmuheen
Conspiracy theory and fake news website
promotes anti-vaccination content, conspiracy theories, fake news, and pseudoscience. The website began publishing articles in 2008 and is based in the United
Natural_News
Pseudoscientific study of human skull shape
Phrenology is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. It is based on the concept that the brain
Phrenology
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