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Unscientific claims presented as scientific
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be scientific or factual but are inherently incompatible with the scientific
Pseudoscience
a list of topics that are generally considered pseudoscience by the scientific community. Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that
List_of_pseudoscience_topics
Soviet Communist concept
Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука, burzhuaznaya lzhenauka) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines
Bourgeois_pseudoscience
Study of a social phenomenon
The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while
History_of_pseudoscience
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
and policies are now understood as part of a specious devotion to a pseudoscience that actively dehumanises to support political agendas and not true
Eugenics
Dubious idea about physiological cycles
scientific evidence, leading to the charge that it had become a kind of pseudoscience due to its proponents' rejection of empirical testing: An examination
Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)
Geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, Peru
ISBN 0-87169-183-3 Feder, Kenneth L. Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology. 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 2008. Haughton, Brian
Nazca_lines
unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been
List_of_cryptids
Pseudoscience that studies creatures
Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed
Cryptozoology
Russian scientific organisation
The Commission on Pseudoscience (Russian: Комиссия по борьбе с лженаукой) is a Russian scientific organization under the Presidium of the Russian Academy
Commission_on_Pseudoscience
logical fallacies, misunderstandings of science, or the popularization of pseudoscience and pseudohistory. Some misconceptions are also considered urban legends
List_of_common_misconceptions
Person claiming extrasensory perception abilities
proof of the existence of such powers, and describes the practice as pseudoscience. Psychics encompass people in a variety of roles. Some are theatrical
Psychic
Pseudoscientific study of the Earth's natural radiation on human, animal and plant biology
have not been scientifically proven; thus, it is considered a form of pseudoscience. Within geobiology, distinct patterns of Earth radiation, mainly Hartmann
Geobiology_(pseudoscience)
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
are known only from anecdotes. Second sight and ESP are classified as pseudosciences. In the 1930s, at Duke University in North Carolina, J. B. Rhine and
Extrasensory_perception
Claimed form of extrasensory perception
widely considers parapsychology, including the study of clairvoyance, a pseudoscience. Pertaining to the ability of clear-sightedness, clairvoyance refers
Clairvoyance
Non-scientific hypothetical objects
number of planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence. Kolob is a
Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience
Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience
Study of UFOs
generally regarded by skeptics and science educators as an example of pseudoscience. Ufology is a neologism derived from UFO (a term coined by Edward J
Ufology
Pseudoscientific attempts to locate underground objects
no more effective than random chance. It is therefore regarded as a pseudoscience. Dowsing originated in ancient times, when it was treated as a form
Dowsing
American parapsychologist (born 1936)
even a competent examiner may fail to distinguish innovation from pseudoscience." In 2017, he co-founded the UFO-dedicated company To the Stars with
Harold_E._Puthoff
Pseudoscientific healing technique
such a life force exists. Reiki is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. Its marketing has
Reiki
Pseudoscientific concept
viewing exists, and the topic of remote viewing is generally regarded as pseudoscience. A remote viewer is expected to give information about an object, event
Remote_viewing
2002 book by Michael Shermer
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience is a two-volume collection of articles that discuss the Skeptics Society's scientific findings of investigations
The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience
Mythical creature in Scottish folklore
animals, mundane objects, and other recognized natural phenomena. The pseudoscience and subculture of cryptozoology has placed particular emphasis on the
Loch_Ness_Monster
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Principal concepts Consilience Demarcation Evidence Induction Justification Pseudoscience Critique of metaphysics Unity of science Verificationism Antitheses
Vladimir_Lenin
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. Criticized as being a pseudoscience, the majority of mainstream scientists reject it. Parapsychology has
Parapsychology
Pseudoscience claiming to build on quantum mechanics
mechanics and its interpretations. Quantum mysticism is considered pseudoscience and quackery by many quantum mechanics experts. Before the 1970s the
Quantum_mysticism
Form of psychotherapy
Pignotti MG (2015). "Chapter 4: Pseudoscience in Treating Adults Who Experienced Trauma". Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice. Springer
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Eye_movement_desensitization_and_reprocessing
Australian convicted scammer (born 1991)
October 1991) is an Australian health fraudster, former influencer and pseudoscience advocate. She is the author of The Whole Pantry mobile app and its later
Belle_Gibson
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Soviet government persecuted geneticists in favour of Lysenkoism, a pseudoscience rejected by the scientific community in the Soviet Union and abroad
Soviet_Union
Form of pseudoscientific alternative medicine
Chiropractic Education International List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Toftness device World Federation of Chiropractic "The Dark Side of Musculoskeletal
Chiropractic
Disproven hypothesis
Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis. The concept of a hollow
Hollow_Earth
American politician (born 1954)
contained in flu vaccines. Craig Foster, a psychology professor who studies pseudoscience, deemed the challenge "not science", calling it a "carefully constructed
Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.
American professor of neurology and science writer
Skeptical Inquiry, Hines is the author of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal which focuses on the fields of pseudoscience and the paranormal in the United States
Terence_Hines
Pseudoscientific analysis of handwriting
supported by scientific evidence, and as such it is considered to be a pseudoscience. Graphology has been controversial for more than a century. Although
Graphology
Inquiries far outside of mainstream science
and pseudoscience is disputed. Friedlander writes that there is no widespread understanding of what separates science from nonscience or pseudoscience. Pseudoscience
Fringe_science
Promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices
nationalism and pseudoscience". Quartz India. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Kaufman, Allison B.; Kaufman, James C. (2018). Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy
Quackery
Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record
the superstitions intrinsic to occultism. Pseudohistory is related to pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology, and usage of the terms may occasionally overlap
Pseudohistory
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up transmutation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Transmutation may refer to: Chrysopoeia and argyropoeia, the transmutations of base metals, such
Transmutation
Mythical creature
distinct subculture. Enthusiasts of Bigfoot, such as those within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, have offered various forms of dubious evidence to
Bigfoot
Influencing of objects without physical interaction, with one's mind
telekinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience. There is a broad scientific consensus that telekinetic research has
Telekinesis
Unsupported hypothesis about effects of quantum spin
just mentioned has nothing to do with science. Kruglyakov, Edward P. "Pseudoscience. How Does It Threaten Science and the Public? Report at a RAN Presidium
Torsion_field_(pseudoscience)
American alternative medicine advocate (born 1946)
regularly been criticized by medical and scientific professionals as pseudoscience. The criticism has been described as ranging "from the dismissive to
Deepak_Chopra
Idea which departs from accepted scholarship in the field
other dismissive labels, such as pseudoarchaeology, pseudohistory, and pseudoscience. Describing ideas as fringe theories may be less pejorative than describing
Fringe_theory
2024 book by Jonathan N. Stea
N. Stea. This book examines the Wellness industry, the harm medical pseudoscience can have on individuals in the hope that people will be able to make
Mind_the_Science
Canadian journalist
including the anti-vaccine movement, the COVID-19 pandemic, and medical pseudoscience. Her Maclean's blog, "Science-ish" and her "Show Me the Evidence" series
Julia_Belluz
Medical Entrance Exam in India
Ayurveda in India under the AYUSH system; however, it is classified as a pseudoscience and is not aligned with modern evidence-based medical science and has
National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)
National_Eligibility_cum_Entrance_Test_(Undergraduate)
Spiritual and pseudoscientific philosophy
termed pseudoscientific by experts in epistemology and debunkers of pseudoscience. Anthroposophy has its roots in German idealism, Western and Eastern
Anthroposophy
Law of statistics
breaking to required high level). The law comes up in criticism of pseudoscience and is sometimes called the Jeane Dixon effect (see also Postdiction)
Law_of_truly_large_numbers
Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence
claims about spiritism, of various widely held superstitions, and of pseudoscience. Publications such as those of the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij
Scientific_skepticism
Hypothetical vehicle deriving energy from water
coverage, and websites. The claims for these devices have been found to be pseudoscience and some were found to be tied to investment frauds. These vehicles
Water-fuelled_car
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
pseudoscience which carries no predictive capability, with many philosophers of science considering it a "paradigm or prime example of pseudoscience."
Astrology
American psychologist
2008". Bigliardi, Stefano (2019). "The Advocates of Pseudoscience Are Not Monsters - but Pseudoscience Is". Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (6). Center for Inquiry:
James_C._Kaufman
English phrase
"Not even wrong" is a phrase used to describe pseudoscience or bad science. It describes an argument or explanation that purports to be scientific but
Not_even_wrong
Claims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
Propulsion System. Experts in science and astronomy regard the claims as pseudoscience and demonstrably false. Opinion polls taken in various locations between
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories
академик ВРАЛ), for outstanding contribution to creation and spread of pseudoscience and antiscience in Russia Ig Nobel Prize, started off as an award for
List_of_mocking_awards
Mythical lost continent
in the Pacific Ocean before its destruction. The place of Mu in both pseudoscience and fantasy fiction is discussed in detail in Lost Continents (1954
Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)
place. List of hoaxes Williams, William F., ed. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. Book Builders Incorporated. ISBN 0-8160-3351-X. Eveleth, Rose (21 November
List_of_spurious_inventions
are rejected by mainstream medical consensus and are associated with pseudoscience due to a lack of scientific evidence for their existence, proposed mechanism
List of diagnoses characterized as pseudoscience
List_of_diagnoses_characterized_as_pseudoscience
Foretelling the future through the study of the palm
across various teachings of palmistry. Palmistry is widely viewed as a pseudoscience due to various contradictions between different interpretations and
Palmistry
Science organisation in India
Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) is a premier scientific organisation of India with headquarters at Kolkata, West Bengal. The association started
Indian Science Congress Association
Indian_Science_Congress_Association
Ancient Greek and Roman system of medicine involving four fluid types
until the early ninth century. Use of the practice in modern times is pseudoscience. Humoral theory was the grand unified theory of medicine, before the
Humorism
1995 book by Carl Sagan
that are considered valid science and those that can be considered pseudoscience. Sagan states that when new ideas are offered for consideration, they
The_Demon-Haunted_World
Alleged lost empire
popularized by the racial occult history of Nikolai Levashov. In Russian pseudoscience, known for its nationalism, Tartaria is presented as the "real" name
Tartarian_Empire
Alleged audio recording of Bigfoot
scientific consensus maintains that Bigfoot remains firmly within the pseudoscience of cryptozoology and is not a real creature. Accounts of large hairy
Sierra_Sounds
Organization centered around UFOs
United States. The organization has been criticized for its focus on pseudoscience, and critics say its investigators fail to use the scientific method
Mutual_UFO_Network
Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
science and non-science. It also examines the boundaries between science, pseudoscience and other products of human activity, like art and literature and beliefs
Demarcation_problem
1997 book by Michael Shermer
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time is a 1997 book by science writer Michael Shermer. The foreword
Why People Believe Weird Things
Why_People_Believe_Weird_Things
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that occur without altering the DNA sequence. The Greek prefix epi- (ἐπι- "over, outside of, around")
Epigenetics
Pseudoscientific personality questionnaire
Verifying Type Despite its popularity, the MBTI has been widely regarded as pseudoscience by the scientific community. The validity (statistical validity and
Myers–Briggs_Type_Indicator
American extraterrestrial visitation television series
cosmologists, archaeologists and other scientists for presenting and promoting pseudoscience, pseudohistory and pseudoarchaeology as fact. Episodes are frequently
Ancient_Aliens
Therapy, now rarely used in medicine
cells. The traditional medical practice of bloodletting is considered a pseudoscience, though the method is still commonly used in forms of alternative medicine
Bloodletting
Topics referred to by the same term
Natural healing may refer to: Healing, the natural process of regeneration of damaged tissue Vitalism Naturopathy (also known as Naturopathic medicine)
Natural_healing
Purported phenomena beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding
pertain to extrasensory perceptions (for example, telepathy), and the pseudosciences of ghost hunting, cryptozoology, and ufology. Proposals regarding the
Paranormal
Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
personality, it has been dismissed by personality assessment experts as pseudoscience. The origins and historical development of the Enneagram of Personality
Enneagram_of_Personality
British writer (born 1950)
Netflix documentary series which critics and archaeologists condemned as pseudoscience. Hancock's theories are the basis of Ancient Apocalypse, a 2022 documentary
Graham_Hancock
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
homoeopathy is pseudoscience". Synthese. 200 (5) 394. doi:10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w. Baran GR, Kiana MF, Samuel SP (2014). "Science, Pseudoscience, and Not
Homeopathy
Unscientific healthcare practices
religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "energies", pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources
Alternative_medicine
Supernatural being originating in folklore
is impossible to falsify, and ghost hunting has been classified as pseudoscience. Despite centuries of investigation, there is no scientific evidence
Ghost
Paranormal sight of the future
that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot
Precognition
Theory within consciousness research
controversial. In 2023, a number of scholars characterized it as unfalsifiable pseudoscience for lacking sufficient empirical support, a claim reiterated in a 2025
Integrated_information_theory
Holistic concept of health
"offer[s] open-minded alternatives." Michael D. Gordin writes that pseudoscience is a bad category for analysis because it exists entirely as a negative
Wellness (alternative medicine)
Wellness_(alternative_medicine)
Pseudoscientific claims of past alien contact
hypothesis First contact (science fiction) List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Panspermia Pseudoarchaeology Science fantasy Silurian hypothesis Xenoarchaeology
Ancient_astronauts
Anti-scientific belief
followers like William Carpenter gained attention by successful use of pseudoscience in public debates with leading scientists such as Alfred Russel Wallace
Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs
Interpretation of out-of-body experiences
universe. As a result, astral projection has been characterized as pseudoscience. Similar concepts of soul travel appear in various other religious traditions
Astral_projection
Pseudoscientific needling treatment
in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge
Acupuncture
American writer and critic (1809–1849)
In his critical works, Poe investigated and wrote about many of the pseudosciences that were then popular with the majority of his fellow Americans. They
Edgar_Allan_Poe
Intersection of transphobia and misogyny, experienced by transfeminine individuals
Transmisogyny, otherwise known as trans-misogyny and transphobic misogyny, is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny as experienced by trans women
Transmisogyny
Indian government ministry for alternative medicine systems
official ministry in 2014. The ministry has been accused of promoting pseudoscience and has faced significant criticism for funding systems that lack biological
Ministry_of_Ayush
American actor and comedian (born 1963)
Robert Michael Schneider (/ˈʃnaɪdər/ SHNY-dər; born October 31, 1963) is an American actor and comedian. He rose to prominence as a cast member on NBC's
Rob_Schneider
Apparent unusual observation in the sky
generally considered a pseudoscience by skeptics and science educators, being often included on lists of topics characterized as pseudoscience as either a partial
Unidentified_flying_object
Perpetual motion machine
motors has been promoted by various hobbyists. It can be regarded as pseudoscience. There are frequent references to free energy and sometimes even links
Magnet_motor
Austrian esotericist (1861–1925)
mysticism with no less fashionable pseudoscience." A French author wrote that Anthroposophy "is a clever mix of pseudoscience, esotericism and mysticism". Steiner
Rudolf_Steiner
Claimed UFO incident
Psychologists have used the alleged incident as an academic example of pseudoscience to help students distinguish truth from fiction. On the evening of August
Kelly–Hopkinsville_encounter
Psychic ability
the topic is generally considered by the scientific community to be pseudoscience. Telepathy is a common theme in science fiction. According to historians
Telepathy
Urban legend based on a region in North Atlantic
List of Bermuda Triangle incidents List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Nevada Triangle Sargasso Sea – Region of the North Atlantic Ocean SS
Bermuda_Triangle
1957 book by Martin Gardner
Present—was Martin Gardner's second book. A survey of what it described as pseudosciences and cult beliefs, it became a founding document in the nascent scientific
Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science
Pseudoscientific belief
supporting the law of attraction, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience or religion couched in scientific language. This belief has alternative
Law of attraction (New Thought)
Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)
controlled studies and has no scientific validity, and is thus regarded as pseudoscience. There is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and
Astrology_and_science
Personality construct
Hoax Infodemic Malinformation Post-truth politics Potemkin village Pseudoscience Tabloid journalism Truthiness Targets and campaigns International Politics
Psychopathy
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine and New Age beliefs
health, and develop a "natural intuition". ThetaHealing is an esoteric pseudoscience. ThetaHealing is usually administered in the form of individual sessions
ThetaHealing
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, Hebrew
Son of the Red Earth; Son of Adam
Girl/Female
American, British, Danish, English, Hebrew
Pure; Rhyming Variant of Katy; Cady
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Tamil
Viewer; Intelligent
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wish
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
A Friend of the Gods
Girl/Female
Muslim
Blue sapphire.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Bright as the Sun
Girl/Female
French American
Birthday. Feminine of Noel. Commonly refers to Christ's birth and Christmas festival.
Boy/Male
Indian
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Beauty
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
PSEUDOSCIENCE