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Inheritance by the eldest, usually male, child
Look up primogeniture in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate
Primogeniture
Person who is first in line of succession
describes heirs apparent in a hereditary system regulated by laws of primogeniture—it may be less applicable to cases where a monarch has a say in naming
Heir_apparent
Discussion about changing the Japanese throne's laws of succession
The ancient Japanese system is of agnatic succession, generally by primogeniture, with the caveat that, in case the imperial family lacked heirs, they
Japanese imperial succession debate
Japanese_imperial_succession_debate
succession (hereditary and elective). List of monarchies Decided by primogeniture. "Europe :: Andorra". CIA The World Factbook. 16 February 2022. Archived
List of monarchies by order of succession
List_of_monarchies_by_order_of_succession
Form of government ruled by a monarch, or a polity with this form of government
usually affected by rules on gender. Historically "agnatic primogeniture" or "patrilineal primogeniture" was favoured, that is inheritance according to seniority
Monarchy
Sequence of people entitled to hold a high office if it is vacated
be avoided. Research shows that authoritarian regimes that relied on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with
Order_of_succession
Tracing of kinship through the male line
in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa were male-preference primogeniture, agnatic primogeniture, or agnatic seniority until after World War II. The agnatic
Patrilineality
Form of government and succession of power
hereditary monarchies, the typical order of succession uses some form of primogeniture, but there exist other methods such as seniority and tanistry (in which
Hereditary_monarchy
Person at the head of a monarchy
became the first monarchy to declare equal primogeniture, absolute primogeniture or full cognatic primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch
Monarch
English throne, succession has been determined by bequest, battle, primogeniture, and parliament. On his deathbed, William the Conqueror accorded the
History of the English and British line of succession
History_of_the_English_and_British_line_of_succession
British aristocrat and polo player
professional name "Louis Lyons". In line with the tradition of English male primogeniture, the original creation granted the earldom to the first earl "and the
Louis Spencer, Viscount Althorp
Louis_Spencer,_Viscount_Althorp
of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on agnatic primogeniture: Kedah, Kelantan, Johor, Perlis, Pahang, Selangor and Terengganu. In
Monarchies_of_Malaysia
Rules of succession to the Throne of Spain
Succession to the Spanish throne follows male-preference cognatic primogeniture. A dynast who marries against the express prohibition of the monarch and
Succession to the Spanish throne
Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne
Male heir to a throne
whereby women would be guaranteed to succeed to the throne (i.e. absolute primogeniture). A crown princess would therefore be more likely to refer to the spouse
Crown_prince
last European monarchy to practise strict agnatic primogeniture, replacing it with absolute primogeniture in August 2026.[1] Through the centuries, the dynasty
Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein
Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 to 1919
eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901. His grandfather was Mohammad Afzal Khan. Habibullah
Habibullah_Khan
Law governing who can become Norwegian monarch
the Constitution, altered most recently in 1990 to introduce absolute primogeniture among the grandchildren and further eligible descendants of King Harald V
Succession to the Norwegian throne
Succession_to_the_Norwegian_throne
Male-line descendants of a monarch's younger sons
been passed from the father to his firstborn son in what is known as primogeniture; younger sons, the cadets, generally inherited less wealth and authority
Cadet_branch
Relative preeminence of officials for ceremonial purposes
of Wales Prince Archie of Sussex Ordered according to the rules of primogeniture. The sovereign's brothers: Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor Prince Edward
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom
Spain have the older system of male-preference primogeniture. In 1990, Norway granted absolute primogeniture to the Norwegian throne, meaning that the eldest
Monarchies_in_Europe
Royal family of the Two Sicilies
Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, abolished the law of male primogeniture to absolute primogeniture in 2016, making his eldest daughter heir by going against
House_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies
Head of state succession
descends according to absolute primogeniture among Grand Duchess Charlotte’s descendants and according to agnatic primogeniture among other dynasts. Grand
Succession to the Luxembourgish throne
Succession_to_the_Luxembourgish_throne
There are two titles: one English, the other Spanish
English peerage, however, the Spanish title follows the rule of absolute primogeniture, which allows the first‑born child to inherit regardless of gender (female
Duke_of_Berwick
Japanese princess (born 2001)
in some politicians holding a favorable view on rescinding agnatic primogeniture (male-only imperial succession) originally implemented in 1889 and retained
Aiko,_Princess_Toshi
sovereign's nearest collateral line. In August 2026, agnatic (male-only) primogeniture was abandoned, meaning that in future generations females will no longer
Succession to the Liechtensteiner throne
Succession_to_the_Liechtensteiner_throne
Succession in which a king's brothers inherit over sons
dynasty and their descendants from the succession. Contrast agnatic primogeniture, where the king's sons stand higher in succession than his brothers
Agnatic_seniority
Norm of youngest child as sole inheritor
wealth or office. The tradition has been far rarer historically than primogeniture (sole inheritance by the first-born) or partible inheritance (division
Ultimogeniture
Navarre 4 children 7 May 1166 Palermo aged 45 Son of Roger II Agnatic primogeniture William II the Good 1166–1189 1155 son of William I and Margaret of
List_of_Sicilian_monarchs
Monarchism in Russia advocates for the hypothetical restoration of the Russian monarchy, which has been non-existent since the abdication of Nicholas II
Monarchism_in_Russia
1810 Swedish constitutional law regulating the royal line of succession
when the core principle of agnatic primogeniture (male succession only) was changed in favor of absolute primogeniture (eldest child regardless of sex)
Swedish_Act_of_Succession
Japanese prince (born 2006)
succession debate, with some politicians favoring the abandonment of agnatic primogeniture which has prevailed in Japan since its monarchy was established, with
Prince_Hisahito_of_Akishino
Post-1688 claim of succession of the British crowns
Scotland, and Ireland should have descended, applying male preference primogeniture, since the deposition of James II and VII in 1688 and his death in 1701
Jacobite_succession
reign of David I, the Scottish throne was passed according to rules of primogeniture, moving from father to son, or where not possible, brother to brother
List_of_Scottish_monarchs
is governed by the Imperial Household Law, which stipulate agnatic primogeniture. Japanese government publicly responded to criticism from a committee
Succession to the Japanese throne
Succession_to_the_Japanese_throne
the 1867 Treaty of London. In June 2011, agnatic primogeniture was replaced with absolute primogeniture, allowing any legitimate female descendants within
Monarchy_of_Luxembourg
Way to determine hereditary succession
a refusal to recognize the right of representation, a component of primogeniture. In some feudal entities, proximity of blood was a generally accepted
Proximity_of_blood
Heir apparent to the Norwegian throne (born 2004)
above in the line of succession after the implementation of absolute primogeniture in 1990. Ingrid Alexandra was born at 09:13 on 21 January 2004 at The
Ingrid Alexandra, Crown Princess of Norway
Ingrid_Alexandra,_Crown_Princess_of_Norway
unanimously to amend the rules of succession. Male-preference (cognatic) primogeniture was abandoned, meaning that males born after 28 October 2011 no longer
Succession to the British throne
Succession_to_the_British_throne
Conflict prompted by individuals claiming rightful leadership of a monarchy
France such as Normandy long after the French royal dynasty had adopted primogeniture. Agnatic seniority, collateral succession, horizontal succession, fraternal
War_of_succession
Public persona of a sovereign state
usually affected by rules on gender. Historically "agnatic primogeniture" or "patrilineal primogeniture" was favoured, that is inheritance according to seniority
Head_of_state
1290-1292 succession dispute in Scotland
John Balliol, whose claim was based on the traditional criterion of primogeniture—inheritance through a line of firstborn sons. The decision was accepted
Competitors for the Crown of Scotland
Competitors_for_the_Crown_of_Scotland
Heir apparent to the Swedish throne (born 1977)
Succession, the first law in Western Europe to adopt royal absolute primogeniture. Princess Victoria was born on 14 July 1977 at 21:45 CET at the Karolinska
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
Victoria,_Crown_Princess_of_Sweden
Empress of Japan since 2019
debate, which had led some politicians to favor rescinding the agnatic primogeniture imposed by the Allies of World War II on the Constitution of Japan.
Empress_Masako
Grant to a younger child of a monarch
monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe. The
Appanage
In genealogy and wills, one's lineal descendants
married Lineal descendant – Blood relative in the direct line of descent Primogeniture – Inheritance by the eldest, usually male, child Royal bastard – Child
Issue_(genealogy)
Family of the Danish monarch
Frederick III, and that the order of succession follows semi-Salic primogeniture, according to which the crown is inherited by an heir, with preference
Danish_royal_family
Austrian noble family
first Duke of Hohenberg, with the dukedom being hereditary according to primogeniture in the male line. Following the collapse of the monarchy, the Austrian
Hohenberg_family
1191 No children 6 April 1199 Châlus Shot by a crossbow bolt aged 41 Primogeniture: Son of Henry II John John Lackland 27 May 1199 – 19 October 1216 (17 years
List_of_English_monarchs
King Charles XIII in 1810. In 1979, the Riksdag introduced absolute primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, regardless of gender
Succession to the Swedish throne
Succession_to_the_Swedish_throne
Since 1983, the crown of the Netherlands passes according to absolute primogeniture. From 1814 until 1887, a monarch could only be succeeded by their closest
Succession to the Dutch throne
Succession_to_the_Dutch_throne
British princess
of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, she did not move down the line of succession upon the
Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)
Princess_Charlotte_of_Wales_(born_2015)
Imperial dynasty of Russia (1613–1917)
senior surviving male-line descendant of Alexander II of Russia by primogeniture, claimed the headship of the defunct Imperial House of Russia. Legally
House_of_Romanov
By a change in the law in 2009, succession is governed by absolute primogeniture. Dynasts lose their right to the throne if they marry without the permission
Succession to the Danish throne
Succession_to_the_Danish_throne
Shahzada of the Mughal Empire
Emperor's remaining eldest son Mirza Fath-ul-Mulk Bahadur. But due to the primogeniture policy of the British, this was not accepted. On 2 April 1852, at the
Mirza_Jawan_Bakht_(born_1841)
Orléanist to the French throne since 2019
head of the House of Orléans. Jean is the senior male descendant by primogeniture in the male-line of Louis Philippe I, King of the French, and thus according
Jean,_Count_of_Paris
Topics referred to by the same term
a blood relative in the direct line of descent Lineal primogeniture or "Absolute primogeniture" Lineal succession (Latter Day Saints), right of inheritance
Lineal
British political activist
Daughters' Rights, a political campaign advocating for the end of male primogeniture in the British peerage and baronetage and for women to have hereditary
Charlotte_Carew_Pole
Crown Prince of Punjab
Predecessor Victor Duleep Singh Successor None (House extinct under uterine primogeniture) Born Frederick Victor Duleep Singh (1868-01-23)23 January 1868 London
Frederick_Duleep_Singh
Roman emperor from 337 to 340
ruling Gaul, Hispania, and Britain. However, his belief in his rights of primogeniture and attempts to exert them over his youngest brother, Constans, caused
Constantine_II_(emperor)
Form of trust in English common law
attachment by those involved to the principle of preferential male primogeniture. Two main phases may be identified: the "feudal" form, which was first
Fee_tail
King of Norway from 1161 to 1184
of Norway during the civil war era in Norway. He helped to establish primogeniture in royal succession in Norway. King Magnus was killed in the Battle
Magnus_Erlingsson
French noble family, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon
1726) 8 children 4 February 1752 Paris Aged 48 Son of Philippe II (primogeniture) —N/a Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 4 February 1752 – 18 November
House_of_Orléans
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1952 to 2022
the line of succession, which was determined by the male-preference primogeniture in effect at the time. Elizabeth received private tuition in constitutional
Elizabeth_II
Gaelic inheritance system
peoples gradually conquered the Gaels, they replaced tanistry with primogeniture. However tanistry persisted in Gaelic-speaking families, particularly
Tanistry
German and Czech noble family
Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. The three last Princes of the primogeniture: Adolf (l.), Johann II (m.) and Josef III (r.) The heir of both lines:
House_of_Schwarzenberg
line Commonwealth of Australia Constitutional Hereditary (absolute primogeniture) Windsor King Charles III 8 September 2022 William, Prince of Wales
Monarchies_in_Oceania
1789–1799 sociopolitical change in France
Harvest taxes were ended, such as the tithe and seigneurial dues. Primogeniture was ended both for nobles and peasants, thereby weakening the family
French_Revolution
Prince of Schleswig-Holstein
(commonly known as the House of Glücksburg) and, by agnatic primogeniture, of the entire House of Oldenburg between 1980 and 2023. Traditionally
Christoph of Schleswig-Holstein
Christoph_of_Schleswig-Holstein
Female monarch that reigns in her own right
include nomination (the reigning monarch or a council names an heir), primogeniture (in which the children of a monarch or chief have preference in order
Queen_regnant
Barony in the Peerage of England
descend via female lines (according to the male-preference cognatic primogeniture). Thomas Wentworth was created Baron Wentworth in 1529. He was succeeded
Baron_Wentworth
Australian politician (1942–2012)
illegitimate and the crown of England had descended by male-preference primogeniture before 1500, then George (and his heirs) would have been monarchs of
Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun
Michael_Abney-Hastings,_14th_Earl_of_Loudoun
Last ruling house in the late Ogiso era of Igodomigodo
Obioye, Arigho, and Owodo. The dynasty reinforced the principle of primogeniture, but its period was mostly affected by political instability and economic
Ohuede_dynasty
Methods of determining inheritance
Ethnographic Atlas gives the following data regarding land distribution: primogeniture predominates in 247 societies, while ultimogeniture prevails in 16.
Historical inheritance systems
Historical_inheritance_systems
primality, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, semiprime, subprimal, subprime prior-
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Fijian paramount chief of the Kubuna confederacy
of Bau or "Root of War". The succession to the title does not follow primogeniture, but the candidate must be a high-ranking member of the Tui Kaba clan
Vunivalu_of_Bau
German dynasty in the High Middle Ages
As well, traditional rules of succession, according to strict male primogeniture, initially found in a Frankish (and Carolingian) legal code named Salic
Salian_dynasty
Cadet branch of the House of Plantagenet
throne of England according to cognatic primogeniture, but an inferior claim according to agnatic primogeniture. The reign of this dynasty ended with the
House_of_York
Noble titles in the United Kingdom
often heritable, primarily by agnatic primogeniture with some exceptions of male-preference cognatic primogeniture. For most of their history, hereditary
Peerages in the United Kingdom
Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom
British act of Parliament
2011 Perth Agreement. The act replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture for those in the line of succession born after 28 October
Succession to the Crown Act 2013
Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013
Hereditary title in the Spanish nobility
Nadal Perelló Remainder to heirs of the body of the grantee according to absolute primogeniture Subsidiary titles The Most Illustrious Status Extant
Marquess of Llevant de Mallorca
Marquess_of_Llevant_de_Mallorca
Hereditary title awarded by the British Crown
continental titles and ranks are tenuous due to the British system of primogeniture and because claims to baronetcies must be proven before they are recognised
Baronet
Spanish title of nobilty
Alfonsín, 1st Marquess of Alfonsín Heir apparent Natalia Alfonsín Uranga Remainder to heirs of the body of the grantee according to absolute primogeniture
Marquess_of_Alfonsín
Country in Southern and Western Europe
uncommon – is possible due to Spain's adherence to male-preference primogeniture. Leonor, Princess of Asturias, would be Spain's first queen regnant
Spain
Heir apparent to the Thai throne
children of foreign wives to the throne. It also re-affirmed agnatic primogeniture, or succession through the male line by seniority. This law also affected
Crown_Prince_of_Thailand
Succession to the Bahrain throne is determined by agnatic primogeniture amongst the male descendants of King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. However, the ruling
Succession to the Bahraini throne
Succession_to_the_Bahraini_throne
Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740
measures which generally favored the nobility, such as the repeal of a primogeniture law in 1730. In the West, Anna's reign was traditionally viewed as a
Anna_of_Russia
Embroidery depicting the 1066 Norman invasion of England
great aunt. At that time succession to the English throne was not by primogeniture but was decided jointly by the king and by an assembly of nobility,
Bayeux_Tapestry
Eldest child
patriarchal societies. In law, many systems have incorporated the concept of primogeniture, wherein the firstborn child inherits their parent's property. The firstborn
Firstborn
Crown of the Princes of Liechtenstein
Ducal hat and insignia of the princely Liechtenstein primogeniture (gouache from 1756, Liechtenstein Museum)
Ducal_hat_of_Liechtenstein
Dynastic chivalric order of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
confirmed the requirement that the grand magistry should pass by male primogeniture. Following the order's contribution to Prince Eugene of Savoy's campaign
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
Sacred_Military_Constantinian_Order_of_Saint_George
German noble family
and Döbbelin, with the Briest line being the familie's most senior by primogeniture. The manor of Briest had been newly built in 1624, that of Döbbelin
House_of_Bismarck
European noble family
Spanish and Jacobite succession laws (male-preference primogeniture and agnatic primogeniture respectively). The current holder of the Jacobite dukedom
House_of_FitzJames
Château in Seine-et-Marne, France
Ferrières was passed down through the male line according to the rule of primogeniture, until it was donated by Guy and Marie-Hélène de Rothschild in 1975
Château_de_Ferrières
United Kingdom legislation
used male primogeniture, with the eldest son receiving the entire estate. The 1704 act enforced gavelkind for Catholics and primogeniture for Protestants
Popery_Act
male primogeniture. However, Naruhito currently has no male children. Formally enthroned on 9 June 1999. Succession is based upon primogeniture. However
List of current monarchs of sovereign states
List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states
British fashion model and aristocrat (born 1990)
House, will pass to her younger brother, Viscount Althorp, due to male primogeniture, as specified for the remainder of the Earldom of Spencer. She expressed
Lady_Kitty_Spencer
2011 Constitution, the crown of Morocco passes according to agnatic primogeniture among the descendants of King Mohammed VI – unless the reigning monarch
Succession to the Moroccan throne
Succession_to_the_Moroccan_throne
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
England, Sicily, and southern Italy. This inheritance pattern is known as primogeniture. Heavy cavalry had been introduced into Europe from the Persian cataphract
Middle_Ages
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1727
seemed secure. In 1682 the family agreed to adopt the principle of primogeniture, meaning George would inherit all the territory and not have to share
George_I_of_Great_Britain
Spouses of British monarchs
sisters, until the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 which removed male primogeniture). In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Hanover was annexed by Prussia
List of British royal consorts
List_of_British_royal_consorts
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PRIMOGENITURE
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PRIMOGENITURE
a.
The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family.
a.
Of or pertaining to primogeniture.
n.
The condition of being born after another in the same family; -- distinguished from primogeniture.
n.
The state or privileges of the firstborn.
n.
Primogeniture.
a.
The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue.
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