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Election systems
Preferential voting or preference voting (PV) may refer to several different types of electoral systems. Many preferential voting systems originated in
Preferential_voting
Type of preferential voting system
Semi-optional preferential voting requires ranking more than one candidate but not necessary to rank all the candidates. Ranked-voting systems typically
Optional_preferential_voting
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
Ranked voting is any voting system that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system
Ranked_voting
voting. Preferential block voting can be seen as a multiple-winner version of instant-runoff. Under both block voting and preferential block voting,
Block_preferential_voting
features including compulsory enrolment; compulsory voting; majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house,
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Lower house of the Parliament of Australia
be accommodated. Each division elects one member using full-preferential voting. This voting system was put in place after the 1918 Swan by-election, which
Australian House of Representatives
Australian_House_of_Representatives
Crisafulli has pledged to reinstate optional preferential voting after Labor reinstated full compulsory preferential voting in 2016, returning the system to the
2028 Queensland state election
2028_Queensland_state_election
Federal legislature of Australia
Representatives, currently consists of 150 members, each elected via full preferential voting from single-member electorates (also known as divisions or seats)
Parliament_of_Australia
Multi-winner electoral system
voter must mark (optional-preferential voting or other). Unlike party-list proportional representation, under STV voters vote for candidates rather than
Single_transferable_vote
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
Instant-runoff voting (IRV; US: ranked-choice voting (RCV), AU: preferential voting, UK/NZ: alternative vote) is a single-winner ranked voting election system
Instant-runoff_voting
Coalition of centre-right political parties in Australia
by-election where the conservative vote split. Two months later, the Corangamite by-election held under preferential voting caused the initially leading ALP
Liberal–National_Coalition
Property of electoral systems
Plurality voting Instant-runoff voting Borda count Approval Voting Coombs' rule Bucklin voting (and the closely related median voting) Score Voting With plurality
Condorcet_winner
Upper house of the Parliament of Australia
first-past-the-post and block voting system, on a state-by-state basis. This was replaced in 1919 by preferential block voting. Block voting tended to produce landslide
Australian_Senate
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
2018-12-22. Hogben, G. (1913). "Preferential Voting in Single-member Constituencies, with Special Reference to the Counting of Votes". Transactions and Proceedings
Condorcet_method
Plurality voting system
seldom much less than total votes/total seats. The need for strategic voting is mostly obviated under preferential voting systems, such as STV or IRV
First-past-the-post_voting
voting (IRV) is a ranked voting method used in single-winner elections. IRV is also known outside the US as the alternative vote (AV) or preferential
History and use of instant-runoff voting
History_and_use_of_instant-runoff_voting
Preference lists submitted by political parties
A group voting ticket (GVT) is a shortcut for voters in a preferential voting system, where a voter can indicate support for a list of candidates instead
Group_voting_ticket
Electoral system used in some cities and states
Ranked-choice voting (RCV) can refer to one of several ranked voting methods used in some cities and states in the United States. The term is not strictly
Ranked-choice voting in the United States
Ranked-choice_voting_in_the_United_States
Election for the 61st Parliament of Victoria
uses optional preferential voting where voters can either vote for a political party or a group voting ticket 'above the line' or vote for individual
2026_Victorian_state_election
the chamber. In 1919, the voting system changed from first-past-the-post to preferential voting. The two-party-preferred vote (2PP) has been commonly used
Politics_of_Australia
Chamber of Queensland Parliament
Queensland. Elections are held every four years and are done by full preferential voting. The Assembly has 93 members, who have used the letters MP after
Legislative Assembly of Queensland
Legislative_Assembly_of_Queensland
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
(cumulative voting) have used PR for many years. Illinois used cumulative voting for decades in its state elections. San Francisco used preferential voting (Bucklin
Proportional_representation
chamber. A two-party-preferred vote (2PP) has been calculated since the 1919 change from first-past-the-post to preferential voting and subsequent introduction
List of Australian federal elections
List_of_Australian_federal_elections
Methods of voting on motions
to vote by ballot. These motions generally cannot be used to specify alternative forms of voting such as cumulative voting or preferential voting. Those
Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies
Result of election after distribution of preferences
New South Wales lower house uses optional preferential rather than full preferential voting – with some votes giving limited or no preferences, TPP/TCP
Two-party-preferred_vote
Subnational legislature in Australia
fixed four-year terms in single-member constituencies using preferential voting. Voting is compulsory, and elections take place on the last Saturday
Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
Parliaments_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories
Type of cast ballot in ranked voting
voting system rules. Sometimes, what appears as a donkey vote, may in fact be a genuine representation of a voter's preferences. Preferential voting for
Donkey_vote
Electronic voting by country varies and may include voting machines in polling places, centralized tallying of paper ballots, and internet voting. Many countries
Electronic_voting_by_country
State legislature of Queensland, Australia
Assembly (to a total of 93), the voting system changed from optional preferential voting to full-preferential voting, and unfixed three-year terms were
Parliament_of_Queensland
Election of Australia's 49th parliament
will contest the election. Australia has compulsory voting, with preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats. The 2025 Australian federal
Next Australian federal election
Next_Australian_federal_election
Right-wing populist political party in Australia
One Nation called for the abolition of full preferential voting in favour of optional preferential voting at House of Representatives elections. The announcement
One_Nation
Single-winner electoral system
Approval voting is a single-winner rated voting system where voters approve of any number of candidates named on a ballot, and the candidate with the most
Approval_voting
Method to make collective decisions
Charlie. Preferential voting systems, such as those used in Australia and Ireland, use a ranked vote. In a voting system that uses a scored vote (or range
Voting
Method of printing ballots
because the combination of compulsory voting and the use of the single transferable vote system ("preferential voting") leads a number of politically apathetic
Robson_rotation
Votes that do not impact an election
Commission tells voters that "there is no such thing as a wasted vote" due to preferential voting preventing candidates from finishing in third place or lower
Wasted_vote
mandatory complete ballots (preferencing all candidates/full preferential voting), and compulsory voting has resulted - since they were introduced in 1983. This
Issues affecting the single transferable vote
Issues_affecting_the_single_transferable_vote
Election to fill a vacant political office
Women Win the Right to Vote". Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Green, Antony (2004). "History of Preferential Voting in Australia". Antony Green
By-election
Method by which voters make a choice between options
block voting may elect members of just one party so may be considered winner-take-all.[citation needed] In party block voting, voters can only vote for
Electoral_system
Single-winner electoral system
Preliminary version in Voting Matters, 17:9-19, 2003. Douglas R. Woodall, Properties of Preferential Election Rules, Voting Matters, issue 3, pages 8–15
Schulze_method
Australian federal by-election
conservative vote split between the Country Party and the Nationalist Party, which directly prompted the introduction of preferential voting in Australia
1918_Swan_by-election
Election for the 45th Parliament of Australia
and the first under a new voting system for the Senate that replaced group voting tickets with optional preferential voting. In the 150-seat House of
2016 Australian federal election
2016_Australian_federal_election
Illegal interference with the process of an election
electoral fraud. Preferential voting systems such as score voting and single transferable vote, and in some cases, instant-runoff voting, can reduce the
Electoral_fraud
lists are open, with preferential voting, without mixing, and an electoral threshold of 5% of the votes cast, after counting of the votes, the distribution
2026 Algerian parliamentary election
2026_Algerian_parliamentary_election
electoral districts. The method of election is optional preferential voting, (also known as IRV). The voting system is the same as for the federal House of Representatives
Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories
Electoral_systems_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories
single-member electorates and uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or instant-runoff voting. The pendulum works by lining up the
Post-election pendulum for the 2025 Australian federal election
Post-election_pendulum_for_the_2025_Australian_federal_election
2011 referendum in the UK on reforming the voting system
"optional preferential voting", in that voters would not be obliged to rank every candidate in order of preference in order to cast a valid vote. Schedule
2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum
2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum
prefer if New Zealand were to change voting system: first past the post, preferential voting, single transferable vote, or supplementary member. The official
2011 New Zealand voting system referendum
2011_New_Zealand_voting_system_referendum
Unicameral legislature of the Northern Territory, Australia
four-year terms. The voting method for the Assembly is the full-preferential voting system, having previously been optional preferential voting. Elections are
Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
Northern_Territory_Legislative_Assembly
the option to cast a preferential vote. The seats won by a list are first allocated to the candidates who, in preferential votes, have received at least
Next_Dutch_general_election
compulsory voting. Proxy voting is prohibited, except in cases of certified disability where legally defined assistance is permitted. In-person voting is held
Next Slovenian parliamentary election
Next_Slovenian_parliamentary_election
national vote share and its share of parliamentary seats. In addition to voting for a political party, voters may cast three preferential votes for specific
2024 Austrian legislative election
2024_Austrian_legislative_election
Country in Oceania
the proportional system which combines preferential voting with proportional representation for each state. Voting and enrolment is compulsory for all enrolled
Australia
Invalid ballot that is not counted
1996). "ADVOCACY OF OPTIONAL PREFERENTIAL VOTING". Retrieved 18 December 2015. "Activists in Hong Kong plan not to vote or to cast blank ballots in upcoming
Spoilt_vote
State legislature in Perth, Australia
Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian
Western Australian Legislative Assembly
Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly
Country in Oceania
attract numerous candidates. Voting takes place through the Limited Preferential Vote system (LPV), a version of the alternative vote. Under this system, voters
Papua_New_Guinea
Australian local elections
(resulting in eight total councillors). No form of preferential voting is in place, with plurality block voting − also referred to as first-past-the-post by
2028 Queensland local elections
2028_Queensland_local_elections
State legislature of Victoria, Australia
has compulsory voting and uses full preferential voting in single-member seats for the Legislative Assembly, and single transferable vote in multi-member
Parliament_of_Victoria
Australian suffrage law
purpose of which was to replace first-past-the-post voting with instant-runoff voting ("preferential voting") for the House of Representatives and the Senate
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918
Commonwealth_Electoral_Act_1918
Unicameral legislature of Papua New Guinea
an open member of the province. From 1964 until 1977 an Optional Preferential Voting System was used.[citation needed] The first past the post system
National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
National_Parliament_of_Papua_New_Guinea
in later in the week. Queensland has compulsory voting and uses full-preference preferential voting for single-member electorates. The election is conducted
2024 Queensland state election
2024_Queensland_state_election
system of preferential voting (also called alternative voting or instant-runoff voting). The Senate has 76 senators, elected through a preferential system
Elections_in_Australia
also have the option of casting preferential votes for candidates on the chosen list where they have one preferential vote for every four seats in their
Elections_in_Cyprus
effectiveness and accountability. While optional preferential voting had been used since 1964, the voting system was changed to first past the post, as an
History_of_Papua_New_Guinea
Voting for candidates of different parties
straight-ticket voting, where a voter chooses candidates from the same political party for every office up for election. Split-ticket voting can occur in
Split-ticket_voting
Handed-out leaflets in Australian elections with voting instructions
Australian lower house uses a preferential voting system. Voters must rank every candidate on the ballot in order for their vote to count. There are often
How-to-vote_card
Election for the 47th Parliament of Australia
preferential voting work in Australia?". ABC News. Retrieved 29 April 2022. Rushforth, Charles (29 April 2022). "Confused About Preferences In Voting
2022 Australian federal election
2022_Australian_federal_election
Change in voter support from one election to another
As Australia uses the preferential voting system, swing can be expressed in terms of the primary vote (first preference vote), or in terms of the two-party-preferred
Swing_(politics)
14th quinquennial presidential election in the Maldives
supporters to propose preferential voting. Opposition parties allege it as a plot to meddle with the election boxes and to rig the votes. In November 2024
2028 Maldivian presidential election
2028_Maldivian_presidential_election
Election of Australia's 48th parliament
vote share at the last federal election. Members of the House of Representatives are elected by instant-runoff voting using full preferential voting.
2025 Australian federal election
2025_Australian_federal_election
Premier of Queensland from 2015 to 2023
parliamentary seats from 89 to 93, changing from optional preferential voting to full-preferential voting, and moving from unfixed three-year terms to fixed
Annastacia_Palaszczuk
Form of political manipulation
(diluting the voting power of the opposing party's supporters across many districts) or "packing" (concentrating the opposing party's voting power in one
Gerrymandering
{\displaystyle {\dfrac {1}{1+1}}} ) of the vote to win a seat under preferential voting, whereas for first past the post voting a candidate can theoretically win
Section 13 of the Constitution of Australia
Section_13_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia
Northern Territory political party
voting method of single-member electorates from full-preferential voting to optional preferential voting ahead of the 2016 territory election held on 27 August
Country_Liberal_Party
Lower house of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia
preferential voting before the 1917 state election. This enabled the factions in the party to field competing candidates without splitting the vote by
Victorian Legislative Assembly
Victorian_Legislative_Assembly
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
Senate system of proportional representation, and various methods for preferential voting for candidates and parties, both within and across party lines. The
D'Hondt_method
Voting system
on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality
Two-round_system
Software
deliberation, collective moderation, identification of viable voting options, and final preferential voting." — Andreas Nitsche at the National Coalition for Equity
LiquidFeedback
Type of multi-winner plurality/majority electoral system
secures every available seat. Block voting, or plurality block voting, is often compared with preferential block voting as both systems tend to produce landslide
Block_voting
Voters were asked to choose their preferred party list then cast preferential votes for candidates on that list – one for every four seats available in
2026 Cypriot legislative election
2026_Cypriot_legislative_election
Belgian politician (born 1969)
Antwerp list for the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. With 26,010 preferential votes and a result of 4.5 percent in the constituency of Antwerp, he narrowly
Peter_Mertens
Personalized list proportional voting system
28 May 2022. Vorzugsstimmenvergabe bei einer Nationalratswahl ("Preferential voting in a federal election") Archived 2019-03-02 at the Wayback Machine
Open_list
Australian federal electoral division
winning 36% of the primary vote but losing to the Liberals (who got 21%) under Australia's system of preferential voting. Hanson's brief tenure represents
Division_of_Oxley
Political party in Solomon Islands
produced from renewable resources"; and electoral reform to introduce preferential voting. The party's platform also included "push[ing] for the development
Solomon Islands Democratic Party
Solomon_Islands_Democratic_Party
National subdivisions and second level of government of Australia
all others elect members from single member constituencies, using preferential voting. The upper house is called the "legislative council" and is generally
States and territories of Australia
States_and_territories_of_Australia
Annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
the same time, the voting system was switched from first-past-the-post to instant runoff voting (also known as preferential voting). In 2011, the Academy
Academy Award for Best Picture
Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture
transferable vote using optional preferential voting. Candidates who pass the Droop quota in the first round are elected, and any surplus votes transferred
2026_Maltese_general_election
Local government area in Victoria, Australia
+0.67 0 Victorian Socialists 785 0.96 +0.96 0 Formal votes 81,930 97.15 +2.31 Informal votes 2,407 2.85 –2.31 Total 84,337 100.00 9 Registered voters
City_of_Glen_Eira
banner in 1948. The 'Just Vote 1' strategy adopted by the Labor campaign (capitalising on Queensland's optional preferential voting system) was also considered
2001 Queensland state election
2001_Queensland_state_election
Lower house of the Congress of Colombia
total number of its votes. Parties may run a closed list, with the order of candidates pre-determined, or opt for preferential voting (open list), where
Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Colombia
Electronic record of voter selections
Researchers in voting theory and social choice also use CVR data. In ranked-choice elections, the data allows them to compare different preferential voting rules
Cast_vote_record
Voting systems using paired comparisons
Round-robin, paired comparison, or tournament voting methods, are a set of ranked voting systems that choose winners by comparing every pair of candidates
Round-robin_voting
compulsory voting. Proxy voting is prohibited, except in cases of certified disability where legally defined assistance is permitted. In-person voting is held
2026 Slovenian parliamentary election
2026_Slovenian_parliamentary_election
Topics referred to by the same term
used by police in the United Kingdom Instant-runoff voting, a type of ranked preferential voting counting method used in single-seat elections with more
IRV
larger in size than was the case before the introduction of preferential voting. Voting by placing an "x" in the circle provided next to party name on
2019 Austrian legislative election
2019_Austrian_legislative_election
Public votes on proposed changes to the flag of New Zealand
Invalid votes include voting papers that were unreadable or cancelled. The added work of calculating results for individual electorates under preferential voting
2015–2016 New Zealand flag referendums
2015–2016_New_Zealand_flag_referendums
Legislature of the state of South Australia
2017 this was changed to a form of optional preferential voting − instructions for above the line votes are to mark '1' and then further preferences
Parliament_of_South_Australia
mayoral and deputy mayoral elections. Electoral reform saw optional preferential voting introduced, and council representation changed to align with the
2023 Western Australian local elections
2023_Western_Australian_local_elections
Effect of voting behavior based on ballot order
Carmen; Oñate, Pablo (2024). "Impact of information shortcuts on preferential voting: Gender and ballot position effects in Luxembourg and Switzerland"
Ballot_order_effect
Political issue in New Zealand
fill some seats; and a larger proportion of seats elected by FPP. "Preferential Voting" (PV); used in Australia and Fiji elections; similar to FPP but with
Electoral reform in New Zealand
Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand
Political party in Sri Lanka
sets new Sri Lanka Voting record". Newswire. 15 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024. "List of candidates and preferential votes in Sri Lanka 2024
National_People's_Power
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
Girl/Female
Latin American English French Shakespearean
Firm of purpose. Constancy, from the Latin Constantia.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Doer; Performer
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, German, Turkish
Leader
Boy/Male
Hindu
Home
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Amelia, EMELIA means "work."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
One with God in Meditation
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Sun
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Hikedun, a medieval pet form of Richard; it is apparently a variant of Ricardun, a form of Ric(h)ard with a diminutive ending; for explanation of the initial H-, see Hick.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Who upholds the right way
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
PREFERENTIAL VOTING
a.
Expressing deference; accustomed to defer.
a.
Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence, or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear; profoundly impressive.
n.
A reverential salutation.
a.
Giving, indicating, or having a preference or precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares.
a.
Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use.
a.
Of the nature of a precedent; having force as an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions.
a.
Awful, or reverential, in an excessive degree.
n.
To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to avoid the displeasure of.
a.
Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding.
a.
Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.
a.
Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly.
n.
Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.
n.
Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection.
a.
Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful; deferential; as, dutiful affection.
n.
A person who used forsooth much; a very ceremonious and deferential person.
a.
Inspiring with reverential fear; awful' venerable; as, dread sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.
n.
Reverential or respectful fear; awe.
a.
Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe.
adv.
In a reverential manner.
v. t.
To make grave, serious, and reverential.