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Ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule
A polysome (or polyribosome or ergosome) is a group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule like "beads" on a "thread". It consists of a complex of an mRNA
Polysome
Molecular biology technique used to study mRNA and ribosomes
Polysome profiling is a technique in molecular biology that is used to study the association of mRNAs with ribosomes. It is different from ribosome profiling
Polysome_profiling
Mineral structure
In crystallography, the term polysome is used to describe overall mineral structures which have structurally and compositionally different framework structures
Polysome_(crystallography)
Polysome profiling is a technique used to characterize the degree of translation of one or more mRNAs. A highly translated mRNA exists as a polysome,
Translatomics
Protein synthesis process in bacteria
nucleotides apart. The complex of one mRNA and a number of ribosomes is called a polysome or polyribosome. When bacterial cells run out of nutrients, they enter
Bacterial_translation
Macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in cells
ribosomes while leaving human ribosomes unaffected. In all domains, a polysome of two or more ribosomes may move along a single mRNA chain at one time
Ribosome
July 2018. Ghosh, S; Bose, M; Ray, A; Bhattacharyya, SN (15 March 2015). "Polysome arrest restricts miRNA turnover by preventing exosomal export of miRNA
Confluency
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA helicase activity siRNA binding mRNA binding RNA stem-loop binding polysome binding promoter-specific chromatin binding RNA polymerase II complex binding
RNA_Helicase_A
Mammalian protein found in humans
RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm perinuclear region of cytoplasm polysome trans-Golgi network Golgi apparatus cytoplasmic stress granule membrane
Ataxin-2
and later for his many other researches such as the discovery of "ringed polysome figures" and on theories on gene expression changes with evolution and
Har_Swarup
Phyllosilicate mineral in the serpentine subgroup
flipping of the curved tetrahedra layers, and subsequently their polarity. Polysomes of antigorite are defined by the number of individual tetrahedra (denoted
Antigorite
RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
can be translated simultaneously by multiple ribosomes. This is called a polysome. In prokaryotes, much work has been done to further identify the importance
Ribosomal_RNA
American biologist (1924–2015)
and Crick solved the structure of collagen. In 1963, Rich discovered polysomes: clusters of ribosomes which read one strand of mRNA simultaneously. From
Alexander_Rich
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein-containing complex binding polysome binding mRNA cap binding complex binding Cellular component polysome nucleus mRNA cap binding complex dense
PIWIL1
Genetic disease causing anemia, birth defects, and cancers
translation, as FANCI and FANCD2 were the only FA proteins associated with polysomes. Other inherited bone marrow failure syndromes also have defects in ribosome
Fanconi_anemia
Queueing of ribosomes during protein synthesis
Ribosome pausing can be detected during preprolactin synthesis on free polysomes, when the ribosome is paused the other ribosomes are tightly stacked together
Ribosomal_pause
Assembly of proteins inside biological cells
up to 50 additional ribosomes can bind to the mRNA molecule forming a polysome, this enables simultaneous synthesis of multiple identical polypeptide
Protein_biosynthesis
British biochemist
(1968). "Control of haemoglobin synthesis: a difference in the size of the polysomes making alpha and beta chains". Nature. 220 (5166): 481–483. Bibcode:1968Natur
Tim_Hunt
Polymerize Polymorphism Polypeptide Polyploid Polyribosome Polysaccharide Polysome Polytene chromosome Population Population bottleneck Population genetics
Index_of_genetics_articles
Biological cell regulation mechanisms
transcripts active in transcription (although a more dated method, called polysome fractionation, is still popular in some labs)[citation needed] Protein
Regulation_of_gene_expression
Organizing center for fungal hyphae
around a central area that contains a dense meshwork of microfilaments. Polysomes are often found closely to the posterior boundary of the Spitzenkörper
Spitzenkörper
Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles
miRNA levels and affect their functionality by arresting them on heavy polysomes. Conversely, exosome production and content may be influenced by molecular
Exosome_(vesicle)
Chemical compound
Vázquez D (October 1977). "Enzymic and nonenzymic translocation by yeast polysomes. Site of action of a number of inhibitors". Biochemistry. 16 (21): 4727–30
Emetine
RNA family
component of uninfected HeLa cells where it associated with membrane and polysome fractions. In 1980, cell biologists purified from canine pancreas an 11S
Signal recognition particle RNA
Signal_recognition_particle_RNA
Protein-coding gene in humans
component cytosol eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex polysome Biological process nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening regulation
EIF4B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
stem-loop binding mRNA 5'-UTR binding Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus polysome ribonucleoprotein complex Biological process RNA processing regulation
LARP6
Biomolecular condensates of mRNA and RNA binding proteins found in eukaryotic cells
Teixeira D, Parker R (October 2005). "Movement of eukaryotic mRNAs between polysomes and cytoplasmic processing bodies". Science. 310 (5747): 486–489. Bibcode:2005Sci
P-bodies
Greek-American virologist
as a protein template, as well as the existence of polyribosomes (aka polysomes) (multiple ribosomes translating on the same mRNA). Lamfrom was born into
Hildegard_Lamfrom
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
acid binding poly(U) RNA binding RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome ribonucleoprotein complex Biological process stem cell development Sources:Amigo
Musashi-2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
perinuclear region of cytoplasm exon-exon junction complex nucleus cytosol polysome cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule Biological process liver development
UPF2
American biochemist
degradation. With this information, they concluded that mRNAs move between polysomes and P bodies, and this is a critical aspect of mRNA metabolism in the
Roy_R._Parker
Episode of Neon Genesis Evangelion
contains several references to biology, particularly genetics, including polysomes, the Pribnow box, the central dogma of molecular biology and the sigma
Lilliputian_Hitcher
Imaging technique for in vitro protein
PMID 10982894. Mattheakis LC, Bhatt RR, Dower WJ (1994). "An in vitro polysome display system for identifying ligands from very large peptide libraries"
MRNA_display
In particular, polysome profiling and ribosome (translation) profiling approaches are also employed to identify mRNA involved in polysome formation and
TCP-seq
mRNA binding polysome binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol nucleolus nucleus endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum polysome P-body cytoplasmic
LIN28
Cysteine protease enzyme
proteases, is synthesized as a 40-50 kDa proprotein within cytoplasmic polysomes bound to cell membranes. Within the endoplasmic reticulum, these elongated
Zingibain
Protein found in humans
threonine-type endopeptidase activity hydrolase activity Cellular component polysome nuclear matrix P-body proteasome complex extracellular exosome nucleus
PSMA6
Aspect of molecular biology
given sequence present in a sample. This technique is also different from polysome profiling. Ribosome profiling is based on the discovery that the mRNA within
Ribosome_profiling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
alpha -Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mRNA association to polysomes". The Journal of Neuroscience. 20 (10): RC76. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-10-j0004
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein
Activity-regulated_cytoskeleton-associated_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binding GTPase activity cadherin binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome membrane plasma membrane aggresome membrane raft extracellular exosome
EEF2
epitopes, each of which is recognized by a different antibody. ergosome See polysome. euchromatin A relatively open, lightly compacted form of chromatin in
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
Aspect of molecular biology
L C Mattheakis; R R Bhatt & W J Dower (September 1994). "An in vitro polysome display system for identifying ligands from very large peptide libraries"
Ribosome_display
Short peptide present at N-terminal of newly synthesized proteins
reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein". The Journal of Cell Biology. 91 (2 Pt
Signal_peptide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein binding mRNA 3'-UTR binding mRNA binding Cellular component nucleus polysome cytoplasm intracellular anatomical structure protein-containing complex
DAZL
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
nucleic acid binding poly(A) binding RNA binding Cellular component membrane polysome cytoplasmic stress granule cytosolic small ribosomal subunit cytoplasm
LARP4
Argentinian-American cell biologist
mediates the selective binding to microsomal membrane of in-vitro- assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory proteins. J. Cell Biol. 91:551-56 Walter P. & Blobel
David_D._Sabatini
causing the duplication of the entire chromosome set. polyribosome See polysome. polysaccharide A linear or branched polymeric chain of carbohydrate monomers
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lamellipodium stress fiber cytoplasm cell cortex myosin II complex spindle polysome plasma membrane brush border axon growth cone neuromuscular junction neuron
MYH10
Removal of the 5' cap structure on mRNA
mRNA decay. Messages which are being actively translated are bound by polysomes and the eukaryotic initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-4G (in eukaryotes)
Messenger_RNA_decapping
Cell organelle
the mRNA and attaches each amino acids coded for making a polypeptide. A polysome is when multiple ribosomes attach to the same strand of messenger ribonucleic
Membrane_bound_polyribosome
Human protein and coding gene
receptor binding RNA binding chromatin binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome perikaryon dendritic spine nucleoplasm soma dendrite dendritic spine head
RNA-binding_protein_FUS
Eukaryotic protein complex that removes the 5' cap on mRNA
PMC 5113729. PMID 27694842. Chantarachot T, Bailey-Serres J (January 2018). "Polysomes, Stress Granules, and Processing Bodies: A Dynamic Triumvirate Controlling
Decapping_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binding Cellular component cytoplasm eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex polysome cytosol ribosome membrane multi-eIF complex eukaryotic translation initiation
EIF2S1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein binding Cellular component cytosol membrane nucleus cytoplasm polysome eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex cytosolic small ribosomal
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1
Eukaryotic_translation_initiation_factor_4_gamma_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
LARP1 deficiency selectively affects the recruitment of TOP mRNAs to polysomes[citation needed]. In some cancer cells, LARP1 deficiency reduces proliferation
LARP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hydrolase activity lipopolysaccharide binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome cytosol centrosome nucleoplasm proteasome complex extracellular exosome
Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha 1
Proteasome_(prosome,_macropain)_subunit,_alpha_1
American businesswoman, university president
Mary Susan Wilson (1969). Incorporation of radioactive precursors into polysomes and RNA of mammalian brain during short term behavioral experiences (Ph
Mary_Sue_Coleman
Protein-coding gene in humans
initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity Cellular component cytoplasm polysome cytosolic ribosome Biological process positive regulation of translational
EIF2AK4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm NatC complex polysome Biological process smooth muscle cell proliferation negative regulation
NAA35
Human protein and coding gene
neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule filopodium tip postsynaptic membrane polysome Cajal body chromosome growth cone chromosome, centromeric region growth
FMR1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
binding identical protein binding RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome nucleus ribonucleoprotein complex Biological process nervous system development
Musashi-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(Odf1) during spermiogenesis in the rat. A study by in situ analyses and polysome fractionation". Mol. Reprod. Dev. 45 (1): 10–20. doi:10
ODF1
high accelerations (equivalent to hundreds of thousands times gravity). Polysomes (multiple ribosomes moving along a single mRNA molecule) were identified
History_of_RNA_biology
British biotechnology company, 1989–2007
giving CAT controlling patents in the field of polysome display. Polysome display involves the use of polysomes, a type of molecule responsible for protein
Cambridge_Antibody_Technology
Protein-RNA complex
reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein". The Journal of Cell Biology. 91 (2 Pt
Signal_recognition_particle
Type III intermediate filament protein
exosome cytoskeleton intermediate filament extracellular matrix nucleus polysome nuclear matrix phagocytic vesicle ribonucleoprotein complex Biological
Vimentin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is not stably associated with polysomes or ribosomal subunits. Hereditary mutations in PARN lead to the bone marrow
Poly(A)-specific_ribonuclease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
homologue of Staufen is an RNA-binding protein that is associated with polysomes and localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19
STAU1
Genes and regulatory proteins
RNA, piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), have been known to co-fractionate polysomes. The piwi-piRNA pathway also induces heterochromatin formation at centromeres
Piwi
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters Cellular component cytoplasm polysome membrane P-body dendrite RISC-loading complex RISC complex cytosol nucleus
EIF2C2
Protein-coding gene in humans
detection of CGB1 and CGB2 transcripts in vivo, and their presence on the polysomes, suggested that these transcripts are translated. To date, a protein product
CGB2_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
phosphate backbone. In addition, RRBP1 may promote the association of polysomes with the translocon and play a role in ER morphology. RRBP1 may also bind
RRBP1
Technology used to validate protein interactions
is an easy way to monitor ribosome biogenesis in contrast to laborious polysome profiling methods. The fluorescent protein fragments used in BiFC have
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation
Bimolecular_fluorescence_complementation
Species of virus
happens on bacterial mRNAs. TAV function depends on its association with polysomes and eukaryotic initiation factor eIF3. ORF I – P1: movement protein (P03545)
Cauliflower_mosaic_virus
Cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates of proteins and RNA occurring in cells under stress
RNA (for proteins or other RNA) and by the rates of RNA run-off from polysomes. The latter is further supported by recent single molecule imaging studies
Stress_granule
Biochemical changes to RNA
have been seen during development in C.elegans and are associated with polysomes. How this modification is regulated in certain cell types and the exact
Epitranscriptome
Class of enzymes
fatty acid synthetase: binding of fatty acid synthetase antibodies to polysomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Fatty_acid_synthase
German-American molecular biologist and biochemist
reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein" (PDF). Journal of Cell Biology. 91 (2):
Peter_Walter
Soluble protein
peptide loading complex acrosomal vesicle external side of plasma membrane polysome phagocytic vesicle membrane endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
Calreticulin
Genus of dinoflagellates
though swimming in helical turns. Lepidodinium also contain a ring of polysomes. Many morphological features of Lepidodinium are typical of dinoflagellates
Lepidodinium
importantly, the 8mer and 14mer). VSG is then transcribed on membrane-bound polysomes, and the appearance of the N-terminal signal sequence directs VSG to the
Variant_surface_glycoprotein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cytoplasm cytosol eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex membrane polysome Biological process translational initiation viral process developmental
EIF4H
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
subunit cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule nucleus nucleoplasm cytoplasm polysome cytosolic small ribosomal subunit dendrite perinuclear region of cytoplasm
Ribosomal_protein_S6
nucleolus histone acetyltransferase complex nucleus dendrite cytoplasm polysome perikaryon endoplasmic reticulum Ino80 complex MLL1 complex NSL complex
MCRS1
American oncologist
heart. In 2018, she with the collaboration of Jennifer Van Eyk, developed polysome profiling and azidohomoalanine labeling to interrogate the newly-synthesized
Roberta_Gottlieb
Biological mechanism for routing proteins
reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein". The Journal of Cell Biology. 91 (2 Pt
Protein_targeting
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
nucleolus perinuclear region of cytoplasm costamere nucleus cytosol cytoplasm polysome postsynaptic density cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule soma postsynapse
FXR1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol polysome membrane focal adhesion ruffle membrane mitochondrion cytoskeleton nucleus
40S_ribosomal_protein_S3
American biochemist
(MVP) is expressed in insect cells, vault particles are assembled on polysomes (polyribosomes) in the cytoplasm. By using molecular genetic methods to
Leonard_H._Rome
Protein found in humans
cytoplasm cytosol nucleus membrane focal adhesion extracellular exosome polysome cytosolic large ribosomal subunit postsynaptic density ribonucleoprotein
60S_ribosomal_protein_L7
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
mRNA 3'-UTR binding translation regulator activity Cellular component polysome cytosolic large ribosomal subunit extracellular exosome membrane nucleus
FXR2
Protein-coding gene in humans
detection of CGB1 and CGB2 transcripts in vivo, and their presence on the polysomes, suggested that these transcripts are translated. To date, a protein product
CGB1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
structural constituent of ribosome RNA binding Cellular component ribosome polysome cytosol nucleus membrane intracellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm
40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1
40S_ribosomal_protein_S4,_Y_isoform_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
m611436200. PMID 17229726. Yamada R, Bradshaw RA (29 January 1991). "Rat liver polysome N alpha-acetyltransferase: isolation and characterization". Biochemistry
NAA15
Protein found in bacterial cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
Hirashima A, Kaji A (November 1970). "Factor dependent breakdown of polysomes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41 (4): 877–883. Bibcode:1970BBRC...41
Ribosome_recycling_factor
Protein found in humans
function structural constituent of ribosome RNA binding Cellular component polysome cytosolic large ribosomal subunit ribosome intracellular anatomical structure
60S ribosomal protein L10-like
60S_ribosomal_protein_L10-like
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
acid binding double-stranded RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome cytosol RISC complex P-body nucleoplasm RISC-loading complex nucleus ribonucleoprotein
EIF2C1
Silicate mineral
formations and symmetry point groups that could be possible polymorphs or polysomes of the amphibole-anthophyllite groups. Chesterite has no direct usage
Chesterite
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hydrolase activity magnesium ion binding Cellular component cytoplasm polysome P-body exosome (RNase complex) Biological process miRNA catabolic process
DIS3L2
British biochemist (1929–1971)
Korner, A (1965). "The Isolation and Properties of Cardiac Ribosomes and Polysomes". Biochemical Journal. 94 (3): 721–734. doi:10.1042/bj0940721. PMC 1206608
Asher_Korner
POLYSOME
POLYSOME
POLYSOME
POLYSOME
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Norse, Teutonic
Glorious as Thor; Thor's Brightness
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Delighted; Joyful
Boy/Male
Muslim
Smiling
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Patient; Tolerant; Feminine of Sabeer
Girl/Female
Biblical
Abounding with calves or heifers.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a tower, usually a defensive fortification or watchtower, from Middle English, Old French tūr (Latin turris).English : occupational name for someone who dressed white leather, cured with alum rather than tanned with bark, from an agent derivative of Middle English taw(en) (Old English tawian ‘to prepare, make ready’).English : Americanized spelling of German Tauer.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mild, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
King Henry V' and 'Henry VI, Part 1' and 'King Henry the Sixth, Part III' Duke of Exeter, uncle...
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kerala, Tamil
Prayer Bless
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Variety
POLYSOME
POLYSOME
POLYSOME
POLYSOME
POLYSOME