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Type of error correcting code
In information theory, polar codes are a linear block error-correcting codes. The code construction is based on a multiple recursive concatenation of
Polar_code_(coding_theory)
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography
Coding_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
Polar code (coding theory), a capacity-achieving error-correcting code This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Polar code.
Polar_code
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
computing, telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors
Error_correction_code
Linear error correcting code
turbo codes, they have gained prominence in coding theory and information theory since the late 1990s. The codes today are widely used in applications ranging
Low-density_parity-check_code
Pattern used within a communications system to represent digital data
used reliably. Common line encodings are unipolar, polar, bipolar, and Manchester code. After line coding, the signal is put through a physical communication
Line_code
Family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks
In coding theory, block codes are a large and important family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks. There is a vast number of examples
Block_code
Error-correcting codes used in wireless communication
(2005). Error Control Coding (2 ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0-13-017973-9. Chapter 4. J.H. van Lint (1992). Introduction to Coding Theory. GTM. Vol. 86 (2 ed
Reed–Muller_code
Topological quantum error correcting code
context of Z2 spin liquid in 1991). The toric code can also be considered to be a Z2 lattice gauge theory in a particular limit. However, on many quantum
Surface_code
Rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins
Alon U (April 2007). "The genetic code is nearly optimal for allowing additional information within protein-coding sequences". Genome Research. 17 (4):
Genetic_code
correction 1950 – Richard Hamming publishes Hamming code paper, creates a new field of study Coding theory 1951 – Solomon Kullback and Richard Leibler introduce
Timeline of information theory
Timeline_of_information_theory
Turkish professor (born 1958)
Bilkent University as a faculty member in 1987. Arıkan developed polar codes, a system of coding that provides a mathematical basis for the solution of Shannon's
Erdal_Arıkan
Swedish academic
source-channel coding, signal processing, information theory, privacy, security, and with a particular focus on how information theory applies to wireless
Mikael_Skoglund
American film era (1920s–1930s)
the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines (popularly known as the Hays Code) in 1934. Although the Hays Code was adopted in 1930, oversight
Pre-Code_Hollywood
Statistical measure of inter-rater agreement
to any number of values available for coding a variable, to binary, nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, polar, and circular metrics (note that this is
Krippendorff's_alpha
these steps together. For example, a Morse code transmitter combines source coding, channel coding, and line coding into one step, typically followed by an
Node-to-node_data_transfer
Bases: Proceedings of the Workshop D1 "Gröbner Bases in Cryptography, Coding Theory and Algebraic Combinatorics" held in Linz, May 1–6, 2006, Berlin: Springer
Ovoid_(polar_space)
Chemical compound with formula NaCl
between the Na+ and Cl− ions in the solid is so strong that only highly polar solvents like water dissolve NaCl well. When dissolved in water, the sodium
Sodium_chloride
Binary line code in telecommunication
as instead happens in other line coding schemes, such as Manchester code. Compared with its polar counterpart, polar NRZ, this scheme applies a DC bias
Unipolar_encoding
petite NF Nickase Nicking NIH Nitrogen base Nitrogenous base Non-coding DNA Non-coding strand Non-disjunction Non-histone protein Non-Mendelian ratio Nonsense
Index_of_genetics_articles
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication
It binds with its polar sulfonamide side chain to a hydrophilic side pocket region close to the active COX-2 binding site. In theory, this selectivity
Celecoxib
Color space for computer displays
color space unless the mixtures are constant in lightness. When accessed by polar coordinates, CIELUV becomes functionally similar to the HSL color space
HSLuv
Electronic component
ISBN 0-8247-8498-7. Yasuo Cho (2005). Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscope (in Polar Oxides; R. Waser, U. Böttger & S. Tiedke, editors ed.). Wiley-VCH. Chapter
Capacitor
Formal information theory restatement of Occam's Razor
(2018). Coding Ockham's Razor. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76433-7. ISBN 978-3319764320. S2CID 19136282., on implementing MML, and source-code. Related
Minimum_message_length
Concept in the science of signs
Polar semiotics (or Polar semiology) is a concept in the field of semiotics, which is the science of signs. The most basic concept of polar semiotics
Polar_semiotics
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
polarity, ionization, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, polar, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino-acid residues form the second-largest
Amino_acid
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
optimised. Richard Egel argues that in particular the hydrophobic (non-polar) side-chains are well organised, suggesting that these enabled the earliest
Common_descent
Topics referred to by the same term
atonement, a theory of atonement in Christianity Autonomous Socialist Party (disambiguation) Pisa language or Asue Awyu, ISO 639-3 code psa Piscis Austrinus
PSA
Unincorporated community in Michigan, United States
journalist found 76 residents in 2012. It is served by the Pinckney 48169 ZIP Code. Hell is in Putnam Township, Livingston County, and about 11 miles (18 km)
Hell,_Michigan
Chemical acid found in vinegar
salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as oils as well as polar solutes. It is miscible with polar and non-polar solvents such as water, chloroform
Acetic_acid
Mark M. (2014). "Polar codes for private and quantum communication over arbitrary channels". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 60 (6): 3090–3103
Mark_Wilde
Type of specialized software
design and performance prediction codes which rely on Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. WTPerf uses steady BEM theory to model turbine performance. FAST
Wind_energy_software
Concept in incidence geometry
Cameron, Peter J. "Dual polar spaces". De Bruyn, Bart. Near Polygons "The near octagon on 315 points". "The Witt designs, Golay codes and Mathieu groups"
Near_polygon
Twenty-first letter in the Greek alphabet
processing. In spherical coordinates, mathematicians usually refer to ϕ as the polar angle (from the z-axis). The convention in physics is to use ϕ as the azimuthal
Phi
Mathematical technique for manipulating signals
independent of that carrier's frequency. In vector analysis, a vector with polar coordinates A, φ and Cartesian coordinates x = A cos(φ), y = A sin(φ), can
In-phase and quadrature components
In-phase_and_quadrature_components
Theory in neurology
to the theory of neuronal group selection (TNGS), a theory that attempts to explain global brain function. TNGS (also referred to as the theory of neural
Neural_Darwinism
Continuum solvent model for biomolecular simulations
within the framework of molecular dynamics. It is based on the classic theory of polar liquids, as developed by Peter Debye and corrected by Lars Onsager
Screened Coulomb potentials implicit solvent model
Screened_Coulomb_potentials_implicit_solvent_model
Musical artist
Category Theory Applied to Music-Mathematical Polar Semiotics" (PDF). "Philosophical Sketches on Category Theory Applied to Music-Mathematical Polar Semiotics"
Gabriel_Pareyon
Measure of algorithmic complexity
prefix-free program by first coding the length of the program in binary, then convert the length to prefix-free coding. For example, suppose the program
Kolmogorov_complexity
Relationship between drag on an aircraft and other variables
The drag curve or drag polar is the relationship between the drag on an aircraft and other variables, such as lift, the coefficient of lift, angle-of-attack
Drag_curve
Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean
midnight sun to compensate for the polar night. Many seabirds use Svalbard as a breeding ground, and it is home to polar bears, reindeer, the Arctic fox
Svalbard
Study of signs
Iskanderova, Tatiana (2024). Unveiling Semiotic Codes of Fake News and Misinformation: Contemporary Theories and Practices for Media Professionals. Palgrave
Semiotics
Finite element analysis software
Converters", In International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, ISBN 978-1-880653-97-5 Connolly
Flexcom
Topics referred to by the same term
Province, Iran IATA airport code for Wainwright Airport (Alaska) ICAO airline code for Air Wisconsin Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research,
AWI
Decryption of World War II cipher
possible Allied targets. A copy of the code book had been captured from U-110 on 9 May 1941. A similar coding system was used for weather reports from
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Chemical sedative and hypnotic drug
correlated to its lipid solubility. However, chloral hydrate was quite polar but nonetheless a potent hypnotic. Overton was unable to explain this mystery
Chloral_hydrate
discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, mathematical logic, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
applications of error control coding devices 1992 Hideki Imai For contributions to the theory of coded modulation and two-dimensional codes 1992 Michael G. Pecht
List of fellows of IEEE Communications Society
List_of_fellows_of_IEEE_Communications_Society
Dimensional classification system for personality disorders
times of stress and pressure. In addition to the coding of severity, more detailed specifier codes are available. Under Prominent personality traits
ICD-11 classification of personality disorders
ICD-11_classification_of_personality_disorders
Antibiotic medication
chemical structure of piperacillin and other ureidopenicillins incorporates a polar side chain that enhances penetration into Gram-negative bacteria and reduces
Piperacillin
Hypothesis that human replicas elicit revulsion
This has been associated with perceptual uncertainty and the theory of predictive coding. Category error: Varying degrees of ambiguity may sometimes qualify
Uncanny_valley
Theory regarding color vision in humans
red–green cells reported in the literature in fact code the red–cyan colors. Thus, the cells are coding complementary colors instead of opponent colors.
Opponent_process
Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservative
is un-ionized which means that the compound will behave as if it is non-polar. Bioaccumulation for un-ionized compounds comes from partitioning equilibrium
Creosote
Organic compound
universal solvent. Its molecular structure allows for the dissolving of both polar, hydrophilic and nonpolar, hydrophobic compounds. It can be used to dissolve
Ethanol
Descriptive language model developed by Eldon G. Lytle
between J-rule structuring and the coding extant in other components of the model is provided by context-sensitive coding grammars formulated as algorithms
Junction_grammar
Pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning
to structuralism, distinguishing between presence and absence, viewed as polar opposites, is a fundamental element of thought in many cultures. In addition
Binary_opposition
Use of diving techniques in the pursuit of scientific knowledge
precise and optimised location of instruments. The capacity to dive under polar ice provides an opportunity to advance science in a restricted environment
Scientific_diving
Concept in molecular modelling
periodic boundary conditions is equivalent to error correction code approaches in information theory. Under periodic boundary conditions, the linear momentum
Periodic_boundary_conditions
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
code. These are not modulation schemes in the conventional sense since they are not channel coding schemes, but should be considered as source coding
Signal_modulation
Axiomatically defined geometrical space
(1992), Designs and their Codes, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-41361-9 Cameron, Peter J. (1991), Projective and Polar Spaces, QMW Maths Notes
Affine plane (incidence geometry)
Affine_plane_(incidence_geometry)
Interpersonal communication theory dealing with deceptive messages
complicated combinations of elements that fall somewhere in between these polar opposites; with the most common form of deception being the omission of
Information manipulation theory
Information_manipulation_theory
Geometric property of a structural member
shear, radius of gyration for compression, and second moment of area and polar second moment of area for stiffness. Any relationship between these properties
Section_modulus
Substance whose dissolved ions conduct electricity
electrons. This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases, dissolved in a polar solvent like water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations
Electrolyte
Modulation allowing for multiple signals on a line
Polar modulation is analogous to quadrature modulation in the same way that polar coordinates are analogous to Cartesian coordinates. Quadrature modulation
Polar_modulation
Changes to DNA with no overall impact
genetic data since the theory’s introduction. When an incorrect nucleotide is inserted during replication or transcription of a coding region, it can affect
Neutral_mutation
Standard color space with color-opponent values
"CIELCh" or "CIEHLC" space is a color space based on CIELAB, which uses the polar coordinates C* (chroma, colorfulness of the color) and h° (hue angle, angle
CIELAB_color_space
Season of television series
The fourth season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory aired on CBS from September 23, 2010 to May 19, 2011. Melissa Rauch and Mayim Bialik
The_Big_Bang_Theory_season_4
Phylum of fungi
unicellular fungi. These spores contain an extrusion apparatus that has a coiled polar tube ending in an anchoring disc at the apical part of the spore. They were
Microsporidia
Five sporadic simple groups
In group theory, a topic in abstract algebra, the Mathieu groups are the five sporadic simple groups M11, M12, M22, M23 and M24 introduced by Émile Mathieu (1861
Mathieu_group
Award in theoretical computer science
The Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award is granted yearly by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to honor "specific theoretical accomplishments
Paris_Kanellakis_Award
Term used in electricity-related fields
(oversimplified) Polarized loudspeaker connector and color-coded wire Some electrical components are non-polar and function in the same way regardless of the direction
Electrical_polarity
How humans perceive color
doi:10.1038/284412a0. PMID 6767195. S2CID 4310049. Zeki, S (1983). "Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: The reaction of cells in monkey visual cortex to
Color_constancy
Quantity in information theory
Information Theory and Coding. Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-20346-6. Han, Te Sun; Kobayashi, Kingo (2002). Mathematics of Information and Coding. American Mathematical
Information_content
1992 Hamid Gharavi For contributions to low bit-rate video coding and research in subband coding for image and video applications. 1992 Joos Vandewalle For
List of fellows of IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
List_of_fellows_of_IEEE_Circuits_and_Systems_Society
Chemical element with atomic number 8 (O)
(see Physical properties) has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen
Oxygen
Stream cipher algorithm
In cryptography, Polar Bear is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Johan Håstad and Mats Näslund. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the
Polar_Bear_(cipher)
US naval inventory classification system
Administration (NOAA) use a hull classification symbol (sometimes called hull code or hull number) to identify their ships by type and by individual ship within
Hull_classification_symbol
Amino acid
solutions, glycine exists predominantly as a zwitterion (H3N+CH2COO-), a polar molecule with both a positive and negative charge. The zwitterion form is
Glycine
Graphical representation of data
Flow chart Area chart Cartogram Pedigree chart Radial tree Bubble chart Polar area diagram Waterfall chart Radar chart Tree map Streamgraph A bubble chart
Chart
Type of matrix barcode
instead of the square pixels conventionally associated with 2D barcodes or QR codes. Data density is increased by using a palette of 4 or 8 colors for the triangles
High_Capacity_Color_Barcode
Genus of archaea
guanine or cytosine. The single circular chromosome possesses 1,691 protein-coding genes and 39 RNA genes. The species also possesses a large number of orphan
Methanopyrus
Classified US military transport fleet
destination or departure field - TKM (or KTKM internationally) - is not an ICAO code for an airport, but is likely used for Area 51. This location identifier
Janet_(airline)
English founder of modern nursing (1820–1910)
drawing conclusions and actionables from data. She is famous for usage of the polar area diagram, also called the Nightingale rose diagram, which is equivalent
Florence_Nightingale
Law of the oceans and their use
but which is alluded to in other legal texts (Roman and Byzantine legal codes). In southern Italy the Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris (1063) at Trani
Maritime_law
Geometry textbook
applications of this subject, for instance to the design of experiments and to coding theory. The second edition has a section on applications but reviewer Tamás
Combinatorics of Finite Geometries
Combinatorics_of_Finite_Geometries
Country primarily in North America
Affairs. Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 14, 2006. Coleman, Gabriella (2013). Coding Freedom. Princeton University Press. pp. 10, 201. ISBN 978-0-691-14461-0
United_States
Colorless gas with the formula NO
crystalline NO is 218 pm, nearly twice the N–O distance. Condensation in a highly polar environment instead gives the red alternant isomer O=N–O+=N−. Since the
Nitric_oxide
International relations theory
Proponents of democratic peace theory argue that both electoral and republican forms of democracy are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified
Democratic_peace_theory
American scientist and activist (1901–1994)
fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology. His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept of orbital hybridisation and the
Linus_Pauling
Wind energy simulation program
been successfully validated against the WT_Perf Blade Element Momentum Theory code of NWTC. Furthermore, it showed good agreement with the experimental
QBlade
American poet, storyteller, and author (born 1968)
Best Paper Engineering: The Consummate Cigar Book in 2000 and If I Were a Polar Bear in 2002. Rives created The Museum of Four in the Morning, a collection
Rives_(poet)
Swedish mathematician (1905–1986)
worked extensively in harmonic analysis, complex analysis and potential theory. The "Beurling factorization" helped mathematical scientists to understand
Arne_Beurling
Number with a real and an imaginary part
the vertical axis. A complex number can also be defined by its geometric polar coordinates: the radius is called the absolute value of the complex number
Complex_number
Topics referred to by the same term
field that propagates into the crystal Non linear piezoelectric effects in polar semiconductors, the manifestation that the strain-induced piezoelectric
Nonlinearity_(disambiguation)
1933 German-US drama film
O.S. Eisberg follows the account of the real-life Alfred Lothar Wegener polar expedition of 1929–30. Among the stars in S.O.S. Eisberg were Leni Riefenstahl
S.O.S._Eisberg
facts and theories are not mutually exclusive, and evolution is a theory in the same sense as germ theory or the theory of gravitation. The theory of evolution
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Season of television series
heating the Earth further. Meanwhile, Fry adopts two supposedly orphaned polar bear cubs. 163 3 "Fifty Shades of Green" Crystal Chesney-Thompson Ariel
Futurama_season_10
the French Space Agency (CNES), it was launched into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of about 680 kilometers. The same launcher carried
Signals intelligence in modern history
Signals_intelligence_in_modern_history
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
mutation called a frameshift mutation). Point mutations that occur in non-coding sequences are most often without consequences, although there are exceptions
Point_mutation
Reception analysis
Also known as reception analysis, audience reception theory has come to be widely used as a way of characterizing the wave of audience research which occurred
Audience_reception
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