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Mathematical theory
In mathematics and logic, plural quantification is the theory that an individual variable x may take on plural, as well as singular, values. As well as
Plural_quantification
Grammatical number
(linguistics) Partitive plural Plural quantification Pluractionality Pluralis majestatis Reduplicated plural Romance plurals Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 2020
Plural
Use of grammar in a language to express number
adnumerative, or the genitive of quantification. When a noun in the nominative case has a numeral added to quantify it, the noun becomes genitive singular
Grammatical_number
Study of parts and the wholes they form
nihilism Mereotopology Meronomy Meronymy Monad (philosophy) Plural quantification Quantifier variance Simple (philosophy) Whitehead's point-free geometry
Mereology
Type of logical system
usually include the following: Quantifier symbols: ∀ for universal quantification, and ∃ for existential quantification Logical connectives: ∧ for conjunction
First-order_logic
Semantic property of plurals
for homogeneity, often involving a combination of presupposition, plural quantification, and trivalent logics. Because analogous effects have been observed
Homogeneity_(semantics)
How English plurals are formed; typically -(e)s
English plurals include the plural forms of English nouns and English determiners. This article discusses the variety of ways in which English plurals are
English_plurals
American philosopher and logician (1940–1996)
first-order variables range. The result is plural quantification. David Lewis employed plural quantification in his Parts of Classes to derive a system
George_Boolos
Mathematical set containing no elements
heretofore obtained by set theory can just as easily be obtained by plural quantification over individuals, without reifying sets as singular entities having
Empty_set
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Minor premise Term Singular term Major term Middle term Quantification Plural quantification Logical argument Validity Soundness Inverse (logic) Non sequitur
Outline_of_logic
Form of logic that allows quantification over predicates
interpretation of second-order quantification as plural quantification over the same domain of objects as first-order quantification (Boolos 1984). Boolos furthermore
Second-order_logic
properties. plural quantification Quantification over multiple objects or entities considered together, extending beyond singular quantification to express
Glossary_of_logic
Topics referred to by the same term
dictionary. Many (/ˈmɛni/) may refer to: grammatically plural in number an English quantifier used with count nouns indicating a large but indefinite
Many
American philosopher (1941–2001)
a reduction of set theory and Peano arithmetic to mereology and plural quantification. Very soon after its publication, Lewis became dissatisfied with
David_Lewis_(philosopher)
Concept in formal logic
symbolization, which can be interpreted as plural quantification over the same domain as first-order quantifiers use, without postulation of distinct "second-order
Nonfirstorderizability
Noun that appears only in the plural form
A plurale tantum (Latin for 'plural only'; pl. pluralia tantum) is a noun that appears only in the plural form and does not have a singular variant for
Plurale_tantum
(also called a bound variable anaphor or BVA) is a pronoun that has a quantified determiner phrase (DP) – such as every, some, or who – as its antecedent
Bound_variable_pronoun
Fifth letter of the Latin alphabet
languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is e (pronounced /ˈiː/ ); plural es, Es, or E's. It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including
E
Grammar of the Standard Chinese language
have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are often not expressed by grammatical means, but there
Chinese_grammar
Grammar of the Polish language
treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers. Certain regular or common alternations apply
Polish_grammar
Disorder characterized by impaired language development
pronouns and with plural morphology. Some learners avoid plural inflection and instead use a singular noun with a numeral or plural quantifier. Word finding
Developmental language disorder
Developmental_language_disorder
Norwegian philosopher
edition of Synthese. Additionally, he is the author of the articles "Plural Quantification" and "Platonism in the Philosophy of Mathematics" in the Stanford
Øystein_Linnebo
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
gata nyoe, 'you all here' A plural quantifier, dum, 'all' may be used with all pronouns except kèe: kah dum, 'you (plural)' Combined with demonstratives
Acehnese_language
widely cited as entering the literature with David Lewis' "Adverbs of Quantification" (1975), where he proposes QVE as a solution to Peter Geach's donkey
Quantificational variability effect
Quantificational_variability_effect
particular without reference to set theory or using extensions such as plural quantification. Elementary definitions are of particular interest because they
Elementary_definition
Pronoun without a definite referent
treated as singular, but the plural sense is well established and widely accepted. English has the following quantifier pronouns: Uncountable (thus, with
Indefinite_pronoun
First letter of the Latin alphabet
and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced as in say), plural aes. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which
A
(masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they determine, though most have only one plural form (for masculine and feminine). Many
French articles and determiners
French_articles_and_determiners
Grammar of the Basque language
course) have intrinsically plural lexical meanings. Singular: -a (article) hau, hori, hura (demonstratives) bat (quantifier) Plural: -ak, -ok (articles) hauek
Basque_grammar
Gender-neutral English pronoun
singular they had emerged by the 14th century, about a century after the plural they. Singular they has been criticized since the mid-18th century by prescriptive
Singular_they
Constructed language based on the most widely spoken languages
plural indicating ending -s, because the plural is already indicated by mucho, in contrast to: Me vidi kindas – "I see children" that uses the plural
Lingwa_de_Planeta
Determiners in the English language
semantic contributions of determiners are quantification and definiteness. Many determiners express quantification. Most obviously, cardinal numbers (zero
English_determiners
Sentence that resists simple formalization
'Individuation and Quantification'. Linguistic Inquiry 30 (1999): 683–691. Barker, Chris. 'Presuppositions for Proportional Quantifiers'. Natural Language
Donkey_sentence
Noun or noun phrase whose quantity is discrete and usually an integer
that can be modified by a quantity and that occurs in both singular and plural forms, and that can co-occur with quantificational determiners like every
Count_noun
Word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase
cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is "you", which can be either singular or plural. Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal
Pronoun
sentences"). Bare nouns, especially bare plurals, have significant implications on the theory of quantification in semantics. Consider the following examples:
Bare_nouns
Noun whose quantity is treated as an undifferentiated unit
chairs", though note the different quantifiers "much" and "many"). Mass nouns have no concept of singular and plural, although in English they take singular
Mass_noun
Word used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun
describing a singular noun. However, when describing a plural noun, different articles are used. For plural definite nouns, rather than te, the article nā is
Article_(grammar)
Form of second-order logic
fragment of second-order logic where the second-order quantification is limited to quantification over sets. It is particularly important in the logic
Monadic_second-order_logic
Grammatical distinction in pronouns and agreement
the plural form of singular 我 wǒ "I", and inclusive 咱們／咱们 zánmen is a separate root. However, in Hadza, the inclusive, ’one-be’e, is the plural of the
Clusivity
Part of speech that names an object or set of objects
countable nouns are common nouns that can take a plural, can combine with numerals or counting quantifiers (e.g., one, two, several, every, most), and can
Noun
Romance language
singular before vowels. In the plural: gli is the masculine plural of lo and l'; i is the plural of il; and le is the plural of feminine la and l'. There
Italian_language
Linguistic system of noun classification
singular number but not in plural. In terms of linguistic markedness, these languages neutralize the gender opposition in the plural, itself a marked category
Grammatical_gender
Type of noun referring to collections as a unit
English generally accept that collective nouns take either singular or plural verb forms depending on context and the metonymic shift that it implies
Collective_noun
Formality distinction feature of some languages
Less commonly, the use of the plural may be extended to other grammatical persons, such as the "royal we" (majestic plural) in English. Brown and Gilman
T–V_distinction
Alor language spoken in Indonesia
change of state or condition PFV:perfective aspectual suffix (-i) PL:plural quantifier (loku) PHSLC:phasal completive aspectual marker (ti) PHSLI:phasal
Abui_language
Grammatical number in addition to singular and plural
grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural. When a noun or pronoun appears in dual form, it is interpreted as referring
Dual_(grammatical_number)
Adjective that occurs immediately after the noun or pronoun that it complements
the correct plural for a compound expression. For example, because martial is a postpositive adjective in the phrase court-martial, the plural is courts-martial
Postpositive_adjective
singular verb. The zoo's main attraction is the elephants. A plural subject takes a plural verb. Elephants are the zoo's main attraction. The subject follows
Agreement in the English language
Agreement_in_the_English_language
Grammar of the Silesian language
treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers. Silesian exhibits regular consonant and vowel
Silesian_grammar
Anaphoric pronoun
masculine plural) noi stesse (first person feminine plural) voi stessi (second person masculine plural) voi stesse (second person feminine plural) se stessi
Reflexive_pronoun
American linguist
Semantics and Linguistic Theory VII. 1996. Locality in WH Quantification. Kluwer. 1995. "Quantification in Correlatives," in Emmon Bach, Eloise Jelinek, Angelika
Veneeta_Dayal
Grammar of the Kashubian language
treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers. Kashubian has a rich system of inflectional
Kashubian_grammar
Controlled language
a customer inserts a card. Quantification allows us to speak about all objects of a certain class (universal quantification), or to denote explicitly the
Attempto_Controlled_English
Grammar of the Romanian language
neuter included, most likely reinforced by the Latin plural form -ores which gave the feminine plural -uri in Romanian. Second declension nouns were reanalysed
Romanian_grammar
Missouri Valley Siouan language of Montana, US
(short). Word finally, only a (in a diphthong), o, and u (allomorphs of the plural suffix) can occur after a long vowel. A wide variety of consonant clusters
Crow_language
Inuit language spoken in Greenland
(PDF) on 2011-06-06. Bittner, Maria (1995). "Quantification in Eskimo". In Emmon W. Bach (ed.). Quantification in natural languages. Vol. 2. Springer.
Greenlandic_language
Aspect of Czech grammar
not defined in any way, the nominative plural form is used. For higher numbers or when used with a quantifying adjective, the genitive form is used, and
Czech_declension
Specialist terminology often understood only by a certain group
Baram-Tsabari, Ayelet (January 21, 2013). "Measuring mumbo jumbo: A preliminary quantification of the use of jargon in science communication". Public Understanding
Jargon
Part of speech reflecting the reference of a noun
his own way. (Each is used as a determiner, accompanying the noun man.) Plural personal pronouns can act as determiners in certain constructions. We linguists
Determiner
Pronoun that is associated with a particular grammatical person
may also take different forms depending on number (usually singular or plural), grammatical or natural gender, case, and formality. The term "personal"
Personal_pronoun
Determiner which modifies a noun by attributing possession
mon, ma, mes, respectively the masculine singular, feminine singular and plural forms corresponding to the English my. Possessive determiners, as used in
Possessive_determiner
Grammar of the Vietnamese language
indefinite), "the book" (singular, definite), "some books" (plural, indefinite), or "the books" (plural, definite). It is with the addition of classifiers, demonstratives
Vietnamese_grammar
Verb with incomplete conjugation
present tense forms, with the exceptions of the first person plural and second person plural. Defective verbs in Catalan can generally also be used in the
Defective_verb
Berau Gulf language spoken in Indonesia
referent from a larger group, while -(ah)utak primarily quantifies. -gan, -(nV)ninggan, on duals or plural pronouns respectively, expresses "both, all". Possessive
Kalamang_language
English words "the", "a(n)", and sometimes "some"
However, the definite article is not typically used: with generic nouns (plural or uncountable): cars have accelerators, happiness is contagious, referring
English_articles
Type of word or affix that is used to accompany nouns
flexible objects. (Plurals of Chinese nouns are not normally marked in any way; the same form of the noun is used for both singular and plural.) 三 sān three
Classifier_(linguistics)
Grammar of the Telugu language
always plural. God (bhagavantudu), sun (suryudu), earth (bhūmi), and moon (chandrudu) are always singular form. Cardinal numbers and quantifiers in Telugu
Telugu_grammar
Grammatical features of the Hindustani lingua franca
pronouns/quantifiers. As pronouns, koī is used for animate singular ("someone") and kuch for animate plural and inanimates ("something"). As quantifiers/adjectives
Hindustani_grammar
Macro-Jê language spoken by indigenous people of Brazil
pronouns mɛʔõ ‘someone’ and waʔõ ‘someone’”. In Apinayé, the quantifiers wa ‘dual’ and me ‘plural’ are positional clitics as well, and have the same distribution
Apinayé_language
Japanese measure words used with numbers to count things, actions, and events
functional projections: #P, CaseP, and QuantifierP. Here, #P is placed above NP to explain Japanese's lack of plural morphology, and to make clear the #
Japanese_counter_word
Linguistic semantics concept
Hence, the expression "a house" does not have cumulative reference. The plural form "houses", however, does have cumulative reference. If two (groups of)
Cumulativity
Part of speech
of English nouns is their ability to inflect for number, as through the plural –s morpheme. English nouns primarily function as the heads of noun phrases
English_nouns
Athabaskan language spoken in British Columbia
singular and plural forms. How many items are under discussion may be inferred from context or may be specified by using a number or quantifier; otherwise
Carrier_language
State of standing out as unusual
singular forms are taken to be unmarked in contrast to affixed feminine or plural forms: lion/lioness, host/hostess, automobile/automobiles, child/children
Markedness
Sentences that appear to make sense but actually do not
effect has also been found to be stronger in some cases when there is a plural subject in the second clause. Escher sentences are ungrammatical because
Comparative_illusion
Grammatical case
linguists". Set partitives contain plural countable nouns in their embedded noun phrase (NP), and can be combined with quantifier determiners such as "many",
Partitive
Property of magnitude or multitude
and definite and quantifiers, definite and indefinite.[clarification needed] The amount may be expressed by: singular form and plural from, ordinal numbers
Quantity
Grammar of the English language
good wine. Countable nouns generally have singular and plural forms. In most cases the plural is formed from the singular by adding -[e]s (as in dogs
English_grammar
Subject and predicate in sentences
can only stand in a nexus with a plural subject: The students formed a line. — Collective predicate appears with plural subject. *The student formed a line
Predicate_(grammar)
Method in analytical chemistry
involves varying amount of standards added, it is often referred in the plural form as standard additions. Suppose an analyst is determining the concentration
Standard_addition
accusative, instrumental, and prepositional – in two numbers (singular and plural), and grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Up to ten additional
Russian_grammar
Numbers and quantifiers in the article on Polish grammar. 1 jeden like an adjective (feminine jedna etc., but neuter N/A jedno). The plural forms also
Polish_morphology
Grammar of the Estonian language
cases except nominative and partitive, plural nominative, singular partitive: plural genitive, plural genitive: plural cases except nominative and partitive
Estonian_grammar
In Christianity, an extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit
Christianity, a spiritual gift or charism (plural: charisms or charismata; in Greek singular: χάρισμα charisma, plural: χαρίσματα charismata) is an extraordinary
Spiritual_gift
Grammatical features of Classical Nahuatl
distinguished by the number of the predicate (e.g. a plural predicate with t(i)- must refer to the first person plural). In traditional texts, however, the glottal
Classical_Nahuatl_grammar
gender-neutral in both the singular and plural first person: singular jag; plural vi second-person: singular du; plural ni On nouns, the neuter gender is marked
Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
Gender_neutrality_in_languages_with_gendered_third-person_pronouns
Endangered language of Colombia
quantifiers, and demonstratives, among others, and is structured as follows: Nominal morphology in Tinigua is restricted to classifier and plural-marking
Tinigua_language
Aspect of the German language
-en. Several quantifying words are not (always) inflected: nichts, wenig, etwas, viel, and genug "wenig" and "viel" can be put in the plural, where they
German_adjectives
Arawakan language spoken in Brazil
possession on nouns. The suffix /-nae/ is a generic plural that is used with the third person plural, with /-ha/ being specific. Because these clitics are
Paresi_language
Word or form that substitutes for another word
context. They are used either to avoid repetitive expressions or in quantification (limiting the variables of a proposition). Pro-forms are divided into
Pro-form
West Germanic language
Regular plural formation: Singular: cat, dog Plural: cats, dogs Irregular plural formation: Singular: man, woman, foot, fish, ox, knife, mouse Plural: men
English_language
Grammatical and/or semantic category of nouns
Also, only animate plural and dual nouns take plural agreement; inanimate plural nouns are always analyzed as singular feminine or plural feminine for the
Animacy
Endangered indigenous language of Brazil
singular and bimorphic in the plural. These pronouns can occur in the subject or object position. The formation of the plural pronouns follow the formula
Kanoê_language
Marriage to more than one spouse
performing new plural marriages. By 1910 the LDS Church excommunicated those who entered into, or performed, new plural marriages. Even so, many plural husbands
Polygamy
Possessive words and phrases in the English language
/mæn/ has the singular possessive man's /mænz/ and the plural possessive men's /mɛnz/ But a plural noun ending in -s only adds the apostrophe (for example:
English_possessive
Tupian language of northwestern Brazil
bare NPs have interpretive flexibility and can be read as plural despite a lack of plural morphology. In verbal morphology, verbalizing is evident in
Tupari_language
Divine beings in the Yoruba religion
Orishas (singular: orisha; plural may also be orisha) are divine spirits that play a key role in the Yoruba religion of West Africa and several religions
Orisha
Nouns that follow weak inflection
inflection in common use: ox, whose plural is oxen, and child, whose plural is children, the latter being a double plural. Additionally, the words aurochs
Weak_noun
Formal study of linguistic meaning
Iacona, Andrea (2015). "Quantification and Logical Form". In Torza, Alessandro (ed.). Quantifiers, Quantifiers, and Quantifiers: Themes in Logic, Metaphysics
Formal semantics (natural language)
Formal_semantics_(natural_language)
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
Girl/Female
Hindu
Durga, Guardian of fortresses
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
East
Girl/Female
Muslim
Successor
Boy/Male
Muslim
Plural of lafz
Girl/Female
English
Divine counselor.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu
Complete
Boy/Male
Hindu
Real Man i.e. the Man who have a hugh potentials
Boy/Male
Hindu
The east, Chanting voice from east at Sunrise
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Descendent of King Puru
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Latin
Laurel Tree; Sweet Bay Tree Symbolic of Honor and Victory
Girl/Female
English
The laurel tree or sweet bay tree symbolic of honor and victory.
Boy/Male
Indian
Plural of lafz
Biblical
that bears fruit, or grows
Girl/Female
Indian
Successor
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Real Man; The Man who have a Hugh Potentials
Boy/Male
Hindu
A descendent of king Puru
Girl/Female
Biblical
That bears fruit; or grows.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Durga
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
A Successor
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
Female
Danish
, might, power.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the Middle English, Old French personal name Salmon, Saumon, a reduced form of Salomon (see Solomon).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from the Yiddish male personal name Zalmen, derived via a German form from Hebrew Shelomo (see Solomon).Irish : part translation of Gaelic Ó Bradáin ‘descendant of Bradán’, a personal name, probably from bradach ‘spirited’, but written the same as a word meaning ‘salmon’; this name is also sometimes translated Fisher. The English surname is also present in Ireland (chiefly in counties Leix and Kilkenny).
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Miracle Women
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Support; Prop; Document
Girl/Female
Muslim
Determined
Girl/Female
Indian
Determined action
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Lamp of the Religion
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Holy Sacred Fire; Hawan
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Guardian; The Protector; Servant of the Supervising / All-preserver (Allah)
Boy/Male
Sikh
Prince of omniscient God
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
PLURAL QUANTIFICATION
a.
Full; complete; as, a plenal view or act.
adv.
In a plural manner or sense.
a.
Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as, floral games, wreaths.
n.
The plural number; that form of a word which expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.
n. fem.
The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.
a.
Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural arteries.
a.
Relating to, or containing, more than one; designating two or more; as, a plural word.
pl.
of Pleura
pl.
of Pleura
a.
relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; -- opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as ventral. Cf. Hemal.
a.
Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleurae, or to the sides of the thorax.
pl.
of Pluma
a.
Of or pertaining to the ear; as, aural medicine and surgery.
a.
Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice.
n. fem.
The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.
a.
Of or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts called crura; as, the crural arteries; crural arch; crural canal; crural ring.
a.
Containing, or belonging to, a flower; as, a floral bud; a floral leaf; floral characters.
a.
Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy.
a.
Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect.