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Rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax
Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational
Phrase_structure_rules
Linguistics theory about syntax
it simplified the description of sentence structure. Earlier approaches needed many phrase structure rules, which went against the idea of a simple, underlying
X-bar_theory
Earliest model of generative grammar
Transformational grammar included two kinds of rules: phrase-structure rules and transformational rules. In transformational grammar, each sentence in
Transformational_grammar
Tree in formal language theory
structure. This may be presented in the form of a tree, or as a bracketed expression. Phrase markers are generated by applying phrase structure rules
Parse_tree
Chomsky (1957) and Jackendoff (1977), syntactic structures were represented based on phrase structure rules (PSR). The man studies linguistics enthusiastically
Node_(linguistics)
Basic operation in the Minimalist Program
contains context-sensitive phrase structure rules (PS rules). This happens with the insertion of a lexical item into a specific Phrase-marker (P-marker) terminal
Merge_(linguistics)
Type of grammar based on constituent entities
"A phrase-structure grammar is defined by a finite vocabulary (alphabet) Vp, and a finite set Σ of initial strings in Vp, and a finite set F of rules of
Phrase_structure_grammar
1957 book by Noam Chomsky
rules). At its base, Chomsky uses phrase structure rules, which break down sentences into smaller parts. These are combined with a new kind of rules which
Syntactic_Structures
Framework for describing natural languages' syntax
Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. It is a type of phrase structure
Head-driven phrase structure grammar
Head-driven_phrase_structure_grammar
Word classes, largely corresponding to traditional parts of speech
syntactic categories. In phrase structure grammars, the phrasal categories (e.g. noun phrase, verb phrase, adpositional phrase, etc.) are also syntactic
Syntactic_category
between phrase structure and transformational components has largely been abandoned, with operations that build structure (phrase structure rules) and those
Transformational_syntax
Grammar of the English language
English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts
English_grammar
Structural rules of a language
Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology
Grammar
Replacing subterm in a formula with another term
the previous example computation. In linguistics, phrase structure rules, also called rewrite rules, are used in some systems of generative grammar, as
Rewriting
Syntactically well-formed, semantically incongruous phrase
Log. Harman, Gilbert H. (1966-04-01). "The Adequacy of Context-Free Phrase-Structure Grammars". WORD. 22 (1–3): 276–293. doi:10.1080/00437956.1966.11435454
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
Colorless_green_ideas_sleep_furiously
Topics referred to by the same term
computer Rule of inference or transformation rule, a term in logic for a function which takes premises and returns a conclusion Phrase structure rule or rewrite
Rule
Family of metasyntax notations
following rule: function application = list( symbol, { expression } ); Meta-II – An early compiler writing tool and notation Phrase structure rules – The
Extended_Backus–Naur_form
Sentence without a finite verb
verb phrase or an adjective phrase (see the above figure). However, phrase structure rules are supposed to be universal, therefore this new rule would
Nominal_sentence
phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages. It is a type of constraint-based phrase structure
Generalized phrase structure grammar
Generalized_phrase_structure_grammar
Grammar framework
Whereas traditional phrase structure rules incorporate dominance and precedence into a single rule, ID/LP Grammars maintains separate rule sets which need
ID/LP_grammar
Phrase which grammatically functions the same as a noun
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun
Noun_phrase
Aspect of generative grammar theory in linguistics
structure rules, but are "projected" from the lexical entries. The projection principle therefore obviates the need for phrase structure rules in the generative
Projection_principle
Part of speech that conveys an action
Grammatical tense Grammatical voice Performative utterance Phrasal verb Phrase structure rules Sentence (linguistics) Syntax Tense–aspect–mood Transitivity (grammatical
Verb
Research tradition in linguistics
metrics Generative semantics Generative systems Parsing Phrase structure rules Syntactic Structures "Generativist". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). August
Generative_grammar
Linguistic research program proposed by Noam Chomsky
and was replaced by bare phrase structure, but some X-bar theory notions were borrowed by BPS. Labeling in bare phrase structure specifically was adapted
Minimalist_program
Subtopic of natural language processing in artificial intelligence
transition network (ATN) to represent natural language input. Instead of phrase structure rules ATNs used an equivalent set of finite-state automata that were called
Natural language understanding
Natural_language_understanding
in response to linguistic stimuli that violate word-category or phrase structure rules (as in *the in room instead of in the room). As such, it is frequently
Early left anterior negativity
Early_left_anterior_negativity
Phrase Structure Grammar (DCPSG) (distinct from Discontinuous Phrase Structure Grammar/DPSG) is a formalism for describing discontinuous phrase structures
Discontinuous-constituent phrase structure grammar
Discontinuous-constituent_phrase_structure_grammar
Internet slang regarding pornography
Internet. Since then, the phrase has been adapted into different syntactic versions and has even been used as a verb. A list of "rules of the Internet", created
Rule_34
1965 book by Noam Chomsky
follows: In the first step, a simple set of phrase structure rules generate tree diagrams (sometimes called Phrase Markers) consisting of nodes and branches
Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
Aspects_of_the_Theory_of_Syntax
that occurs when translating a sentence by correspondences between phrase-structure rules in the source and target languages. Performance of SCFG-based MT
Synchronous context-free grammar
Synchronous_context-free_grammar
Linguistic terminology
that is represented as phrase structure rules or the equivalent. Argument status determines the cognitive mechanism in which a phrase will be attached to
Argument_(linguistics)
Grammar framework in theoretical linguistics
grammatical functions (f-structure). See feature structure. the structure of syntactic constituents (c-structure). See phrase structure rules, ID/LP grammar. For
Lexical_functional_grammar
Theory in linguistics
formalized syntactic structures, including phrase structure rules and X-bar theory, which were designed to explain the hierarchical structure of sentences in
Immediate constituent analysis
Immediate_constituent_analysis
Number and type of arguments controlled by a linguistic predicate
in the last few decades. In generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), many of the phrase structure rules generate the class of verbs with a particular
Valency_(linguistics)
Method of identifying and addressing any node within a tree data structure
within a tree data structure. This notation is often used for identifying nodes in a parse tree defined by phrase structure rules. The Gorn address is
Gorn_address
Rule system for formal languages
production rules that describe all possible strings in a given formal language. Production rules are simple replacements. For example, the first rule in the
Context-free_grammar
Aspect of grammar
phrasal templates for generation of jokes by computer Joke cycle Phrase structure rules Phraseme Snowclone The king is dead, long live the king! Cutler
Phrasal_template
Phonetic transcription - Phonology - Phoneme - Phonemics - Phrase - Phrase structure rules - Pidgin - Place of articulation - Pleonasm - Pluperfect -
Index_of_linguistics_articles
transition network (ATN) to represent natural language input. Instead of phrase structure rules ATNs used an equivalent set of finite-state automata that were called
History of natural language processing
History_of_natural_language_processing
1981 book by Noam Chomsky
from surface structures, and the introduction of some technical innovations such as syntactic features and recursive phrase structure rules. This Aspects
Lectures on Government and Binding
Lectures_on_Government_and_Binding
System responsible for combining morphemes into complex structures
as phrases and sentences. Central concerns in this area of linguistics include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency)
Syntax
Subfield of linguistic semantics
primitive event type of the lexical item event composition rules mapping rules to lexical structure Verbs can belong to one of three types: states, processes
Lexical_semantics
20th-century dispute among American linguists
empirical confirmation. Analyses in interpretive semantics involve phrase-structure rules and transformations that are innately codified according to Aspects
Linguistics_wars
Class of modern grammatical theories
the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation of phrase structure) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière
Dependency_grammar
Elementary constituent segment within a text
can be a phoneme, a word, a grammatical phrase, a sentence, or an event within a larger narrative structure, depending on the level of analysis. Syntagmatic
Syntagma_(linguistics)
Structured system of communication
governed by rules. The study of the rules for the internal structure of words are called morphology. The rules of the internal structure of phrases and sentences
Language
Study of the biology and evolution of language
the phrase "Eat the cake that Mary baked", the tree structure shows an alternation between L and E layers. This can easily be described by two phrase rules:
Biolinguistics
Expressive shaping of note sequences
Musical phrasing is the method by which a musician shapes a sequence of notes in a passage of music to allow expression, much like when speaking English
Musical_phrasing
Phrase that transgresses the rules of grammar
A solecism is a phrase that transgresses the rules of grammar. The term is often used in the context of linguistic prescription; it also occurs descriptively
Solecism
Syntactic phenomenon
nonstructural analysis must add phrase-structure rules to allow an interrogative clause to consist of multiple wh-phrases and be able to account for connectivity
Sluicing
Key concept of structuration theory
Duality of structure is one of Anthony Giddens' coined phrases and main propositions in his explanation of structuration theory. The basis of the duality
Duality_of_structure
Type of phrase in grammar
adverb phrase to denote an adverbial phrase composed entirely of adverbs versus an adverbial phrase, which might not contain an adverb. Adverbial phrases can
Adverbial_phrase
Text corpus with tree annotations
treebanks that annotate phrase structure (for example the Penn Treebank or ICE-GB) and those that annotate dependency structure (for example the Prague
Treebank
creating rules able to combine words into well-formed (i.e., grammatical) sentences. The rules used by these grammars were referred to as phrase-structure rules
Junction_grammar
Shieber. It uses context-free grammar rules and feature constraints on these rules. Head-driven phrase structure grammar PC-PATR, an implementation of
PATR-II
Actual use of language in concrete situations
collection of subconscious rules that one knows when one knows a language; performance is the system which puts these rules to use. This distinction is
Linguistic_performance
Type of grammatical construction
the logical/grammatical functions of subject and predicate (cf. phrase structure rules and sentence). In fact, copular sentences that maintain the canonical
Inverse_copular_constructions
Form of source code, without regard to meaning
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i
Syntax (programming languages)
Syntax_(programming_languages)
Novel by Elif Safak
to Rumi. The book presents Shams's Forty Love Rules at different intervals. Sweet Blasphemy was structured in a way to focus on the five elements of nature:
The_Forty_Rules_of_Love
Optional element in phrase or clause structure
is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element in the structure. For instance, the adjective
Grammatical_modifier
Arapesh language of Papua New Guinea
the SVO typology. The Arapesh languages are known for their complex noun-phrase agreement system (Bukiyip has 18 of these noun classes). There are two primary
Bukiyip_language
Word or a group of words
results provide evidence about the constituent structure of the sentence. Many constituents are phrases. A phrase is a sequence of one or more words (in some
Constituent_(linguistics)
Class of languages characterized by a flat phrase structure
non-configurational languages are languages characterized by a flat phrase structure, which allows syntactically discontinuous expressions, and a relatively
Non-configurational_language
Form of linguistic discontinuity
that selects for it. If the farther wh-phrase moves instead of the preceding wh-phrase, an ungrammatical structure is created (in English). Not all languages
Wh-movement
Method of symbol substitution
L-system Rewrite rule Backus–Naur form (A compact form for writing the productions of a context-free grammar.) Phrase structure rule Post canonical system
Production_(computer_science)
Neuroscience and linguistics-related studies
example, sentences beginning with phrases such as *the garden was on the worked, which violates an English phrase structure rule, often elicit a brain response
Neurolinguistics
Conversion of character sequences into token sequences in computer science
derivatives. However, lexers can sometimes include some complexity, such as phrase structure processing to make input easier and simplify the parser, and may be
Lexical_analysis
Type of website edited collaboratively
pages, which is when words in a phrase are capitalized and the spaces between them removed. In this system, the phrase "camel case" would be rendered as
Wiki
Rule that defines a business
are true or may be phrased so it can only resolve to either true or false. Business rules are intended to assert business structure or to control or influence
Business_rule
Scientific study of language
linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds
Linguistics
Theory of stress or linguistic prominence
stress. Stress was assigned using the cyclic reapplication of rules to words and phrases. Metrical phonology holds that stress is separate from pitch accent
Metrical_phonology
Phrase to describe the mechanism of natural selection
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection. The
Survival_of_the_fittest
Sequence of words used to gain access
not be found in any phrase or quote dictionary, so such dictionary attacks will be almost impossible. Third, they can be structured to be more easily memorable
Passphrase
Biological rule stating that larger size organisms are found in colder environments
temporal shifts in size may be partly explained by shifts in the age structure of a population, reflecting a greater proportion of older (and larger)
Bergmann's_rule
Formal study of linguistic meaning
to explain the interface, such as generalized phrase structure grammar and head-driven phrase structure grammar. They also include the contributions of
Formal semantics (natural language)
Formal_semantics_(natural_language)
Brevity codes used by a variety of US professionals
officially known as ten signals, are brevity codes used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly by US public safety officials and
Ten-code
Writing principle
grouped in threes to emphasize an idea. The rule of three can refer to a collection of three words, phrases, sentences, lines, paragraphs/stanzas, chapters/sections
Rule_of_three_(writing)
List used in manufacturing
voltages) becomes highly excessive. A newer approach, (bottom-up/rules-based structuring) utilizing a proprietary search engine scheme transversing through
Bill_of_materials
Group of people who carry out orders based on the authority of others within the group
feedback rules – complaints go up the hierarchy to those with power to deal with them, not down to those who do not have that power detailed rules for decision
Command_hierarchy
Croisilles language spoken in Papua New Guinea
the plate to Kunia.' (p. 122) The verb phrase in the example above illustrates that the verb + object phrase in Maia is head final, as the verb 'chase'
Maia_language
West Germanic language
correspondence in standard English spelling, spelling rules that take into account syllable structure, phonetic changes in derived words, and word accent
English_language
Latin term meaning the existing state of affairs
Status quo is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, economic, legal, environmental, political, religious
Status_quo
Relative ability to learn a foreign language
factor indicated how well a student would be able to listen to and produce phrases in a foreign language. To test these four factors, Pimsleur developed the
Language-learning_aptitude
Analysing a string of symbols, according to the rules of a formal grammar
either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar by breaking it into parts. The term parsing
Parsing
Mix of funds used to start and sustain a business
In corporate finance, capital structure refers to the mix of various forms of external funds, known as capital, used to finance a business. It consists
Capital_structure
Cliché used as a pattern for other expressions
effect. For example, the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein's widely publicized phrase "the mother of all battles" in 1991 spawned such variations as "the mother
Snowclone
Programming paradigm based on block-based control flow
Structured programming is a programming paradigm characterized by source code that uses block-based source code structure to encode control flow such
Structured_programming
Medium to store keys for signing cryptocurrency transactions
and the user is asked to supply a seed phrase. If the wallet is misplaced, damaged or compromised, the seed phrase can be used to re-access the wallet and
Cryptocurrency_wallet
Word class or 'part of speech'
The phrase formed by an adposition together with its complement is called an adpositional phrase (or prepositional phrase, postpositional phrase, etc
Adposition
Political situation in which everyone is subject to the law
The phrase "rule of law" was further popularized in the 19th century by British jurist A. V. Dicey. However, the principle, if not the phrase itself
Rule_of_law
System of elements that are subordinated to each other
everything built as a 3D digital model. Many grammatical theories, such as phrase-structure grammar, involve hierarchy. Direct–inverse languages such as Cree and
Hierarchy
Pattern in storytelling
of Dionysus as an "avatar of Christ" (1904) as "Ivanov's monomyth". The phrase "the hero's journey", used in reference to Campbell's monomyth, first entered
Hero's_journey
Machine translation paradigm
corpus[citation needed]. The alignments are used to extract phrases or deduce syntax rules. And matching words in bi-text is still a problem actively discussed
Statistical machine translation
Statistical_machine_translation
Nonfinite verb form
phrase as subject) Do you fancy swimming in the pool? (gerund phrase as direct object) After swimming in the pool, he ate his lunch. (gerund phrase as
Gerund
Formalism to describe programming languages
language description, including phrase structure. Meanwhile, mathematicians explored related ideas through string rewriting rules as formal logical systems
Backus–Naur_form
Punctuation mark (,)
University Press. According to New Hart's Rules, "house style will dictate" whether to use the serial comma. "The general rule is that one style or the other should
Comma
Case study
of these sentences were in verb–(verb–verb phrase) form which Curtiss concluded had no hierarchical structure, although an outside analysis argued they
Linguistic development of Genie
Linguistic_development_of_Genie
Set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies causes
and consequences of those facts. It may establish rules or laws, and clarifies the existing rules or laws in relation to any objects or phenomena examined
Explanation
Card game
breaking certain unspoken rules which tend to vary by venue. The game is from a subset of the Stops family and is similar in structure to the card game Uno
Mao_(card_game)
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim
Solid Structure; Lifetime
Girl/Female
Indian
Shape, Structure
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shape, Structure
Male
English
Middle English surname (of Norman French origin) transferred to forename use, CHASE means "hunter."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a huntsman, or rather a nickname for an exceptionally skilled huntsman, from Middle English chase ‘hunt’ (Old French chasse, from chasser ‘to hunt’, Latin captare).Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived in or by a house, probably the occupier of the most distinguished house in the village, from a southern derivative of Latin casa ‘hut’, ‘cottage’, ‘cabin’.Thomas Chase came to MA from Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England, in the 1640s, and had many prominent descendants. Samuel Chase, born in Somerset Co., MD, in 1741, was one of the first members of the U.S. Supreme Court; Philander Chase, born in Cornish, NH, in 1741 was a prominent Episcopal clergyman, and his nephew Salmon Portland Chase (1808–73), also born in Cornish, was governor of OH, a U.S. senator, and secretary of the U.S. Treasury during the Civil War.
Girl/Female
Indian
Structure
Girl/Female
Indian
Shape, Structure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; possibly an altered form of Thrush.Possibly an Americanized form of German Dresch.
Boy/Male
Indian
Good Structure
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid structure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English pese ‘pea’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of peas, or a nickname for a small and insignificant person. The word was originally a collective singular (Old English peose, pise, from Latin pisa) from which the modern English vocabulary word pea is derived by folk etymology, the singular having been taken as a plural.Robert and John Pease came from Great Baddow, Essex, England, to Salem, MA, in 1634. In 1644 Robert died, leaving a son (also called Robert) who was apprenticed as a weaver in Salem. By 1646 John Pease was living on Martha’s Vineyard.
Girl/Female
Indian, Kashmiri
Body Structure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for someone who made bags or purses or for an official in charge of expenditure, from Middle English purse (via Old English from Latin bursa).Scottish : variant of Purser.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shape, Structure
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid structure
Boy/Male
Norse
Son of Thorolf.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
The Structure of God
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Pearce.
Male
French
French form of Latin Stephanus, STÉPHANE means "crown."
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, "praise," from Old French preisier, from Late Latin preciare, PRAISE means "price," hence "to value."
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
Boy/Male
Hindu
Wealthy, Happy
Girl/Female
German, Nigerian
Prediction of the Winds; Ever Powerful Ruler
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Land.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pleasing to eyes
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Stand Till the End
Female
Chinese
a grove, a wood.
Girl/Female
Greek
A Harpy.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Thoughtful, Devoted
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Born on Friday
Boy/Male
Hindu
Free from attachment and desire
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
PHRASE STRUCTURE-RULES
n.
Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic structure, or the structure of animals and plants; cellular structure.
a.
Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant.
p. p.
of Thraste
v. t.
To write in prose.
imp. & p. p.
of Phrase
n.
A localized morbid contraction of any passage of the body. Cf. Organic stricture, and Spasmodic stricture, under Organic, and Spasmodic.
n.
A collection of phrases; a phrase book.
v. i.
To write prose.
n.
Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence.
v. i.
To use proper or fine phrases.
n.
A part of a musical period, composed of one or more phrases. See Phrase.
imp.
of Thraste
a.
Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error.
a.
Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal adverb.
a.
Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of parts.
pl.
of Phase
v. i.
To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase, n., 4.
v.
The object, ground, or reason of praise.
n.
A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.
a.
Affected with a stricture; as, a strictured duct.