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Principle that allows one to eliminate unlikely explanations
In philosophy, a razor is a principle or rule of thumb that allows one to eliminate (shave off) unlikely explanations for a phenomenon, or avoid unnecessary
Philosophical_razor
Philosophical problem-solving principle
theories, the simpler explanation of an entity is to be preferred". The philosophical razor advocates that when presented with competing hypotheses about the
Occam's_razor
Adage to assume stupidity over malice
Hanlon's razor is an adage or rule of thumb that states, "Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity." It is a philosophical razor
Hanlon's_razor
Heuristic for rejecting claims made without evidence
respective merits of evidence on both sides of an issue". Alder's razor – A philosophical razor devised by Mike Alder The Demon-Haunted World – 1995 book by
Hitchens's_razor
Device to remove body hair
razor is a bladed tool primarily used in the removal of body hair through the act of shaving. Kinds of razors include straight razors, safety razors,
Razor
Topics referred to by the same term
Occam's Razor or Ockham's Razor usually refers to Occam's razor, the philosophical principle. It may also refer to: Ockham's Razor Theatre Company "Occam's
Occam's Razor (disambiguation)
Occam's_Razor_(disambiguation)
Analogy devised by Bertrand Russell
economics Hitchens's razor – Heuristic for rejecting claims made without evidence Fritz Allhoff, Scott C. Lowe. The Philosophical Case Against Literal
Russell's_teapot
Classification based on observable evidence
a concept in terms of specific, replicable actions or procedures Philosophical razor – Principle that allows one to eliminate unlikely explanations Sympathetic
Duck_test
Topics referred to by the same term
Parsimonious reduction, a type of reduction in complexity theory Frugality Philosophical razor Simplicity This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
Parsimony
Perspectival realism Phenomenal conservatism Phenomenon Philosophical analysis Philosophical razor Philosophical zombie Philosophy of futility Physical body Physis
List of philosophical concepts
List_of_philosophical_concepts
Australian mathematician and philosopher
2011. Newton's flaming laser sword (also known as Alder's razor) is a philosophical razor devised by Alder and discussed in an essay in the May/June
Mike_Alder
State of being simple
to the field of epistemology and philosophy of science (e.g., in Occam's razor). Religions also reflect on simplicity with concepts such as divine simplicity
Simplicity
Exotic diagnosis in medicine which is usually unnecessary and wrong
– perform first the diagnostic test expected to be most useful Occam's razor – select from among competing hypotheses the one that makes the fewest new
Zebra_(medicine)
Principle stating that anomalous data is likely to be inaccurate
Twyman's law states that "Any figure that looks interesting or different is usually wrong", following the principle that "the more unusual or interesting
Twyman's_law
Phrase appearing in a 1713 essay by Isaac Newton
In the history of physics, hypotheses non fingo (Latin for "I frame no hypotheses", or "I contrive no hypotheses") is a phrase used by Isaac Newton in
Hypotheses_non_fingo
Principle that humans are not privileged observers of the universe
largest scales. The Copernican principle represents the irreducible philosophical assumption needed to justify this, when combined with the observations
Copernican_principle
The following is a list of philosophies, schools of thought and philosophical movements. Contents Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V
List_of_philosophies
Addition to a theory to prevent falsification
In science and philosophy, an ad hoc hypothesis is a hypothesis added to a theory in order to save it from being falsified. For example, a person that
Ad_hoc_hypothesis
Topics referred to by the same term
razor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A razor is a bladed tool used for removing unwanted body hair. Razor may also refer to: Philosophical razor
Razor_(disambiguation)
Property of a statement that can be logically contradicted
phrase Philosophical razor – Principle that allows one to eliminate unlikely explanations Mike Alder § Newton's Flaming Laser Sword Occam's razor – Philosophical
Falsifiability
A basic limiting principle (BLP) is a general principle that limits our explanations metaphysically or epistemologically, and which normally goes unquestioned
Basic_limiting_principle
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the
Philosophical_logic
Evidentiary standard for extraordinary claims
lottery. Epistemology Hitchens's razor Logical positivism Philosophical razor Theory of justification Hanlon's razor Kaufman (2012), p. 124. Sagan (1979)
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
Extraordinary_claims_require_extraordinary_evidence
Method of identifying an entity of interest
must be the truth." Disjunctive syllogism Law of excluded middle Philosophical razor Troubleshooting twenty questions Spoken word game using logic. Arthur
Process_of_elimination
1944 novel by William Somerset Maugham
The Razor's Edge is a 1944 novel by W. Somerset Maugham. It tells the story of Larry Darrell, an American pilot traumatized by his experiences in World
The_Razor's_Edge
Philosophical argument for the existence of God
timeless state (without prior determining conditions). Singular, per Occam's razor, in the absence of good reasons to believe in the existence of more than
Kalam_cosmological_argument
Argument for the existence of God
affirming the necessity for a First Cause. The latter is identified by philosophical analysis to be God as determined within classical or other specific
Cosmological_argument
Form of reasoning
motivation of the geometrical method is to repudiate philosophical skepticism by grounding one's philosophical system on absolutely certain axioms. Deductive
Deductive_reasoning
Study of the methods of philosophy
In this sense, the philosophical methodology is "the general study of criteria for theory selection". For example, Occam’s Razor is a methodological
Philosophical_methodology
Philosophical concept
Philosophical realism—usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters—is the view that a certain kind of thing
Philosophical_realism
Philosophical position
Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally
Idealism
Argument for the existence of God
the philosophy of religion, an ontological argument is a deductive philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support
Ontological_argument
Law of parsimony in comparative (animal) psychology
Behavioral ecology Edward Thorndike Mating system Occam's razor Pathetic fallacy Philosophical razor Signalling theory Epstein R (1984). "The principle of
Morgan's_Canon
Capacity for consciously making sense of things
always been used to translate Latin and classical Greek terms in their philosophical sense. The original Greek term was "λόγος" logos, the root of the modern
Reason
Topics referred to by the same term
Sword of Flame (disambiguation) Newton's flaming laser sword, a philosophical razor This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Flaming_sword
View that there are statements that are both true and false
often fails to capture the nature of some logical statements. The Jain philosophical doctrine of anekantavada—non-one-sidedness—states that all statements
Dialetheism
Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation
Minimum description length – Model selection principle Occam's razor – Philosophical problem-solving principle Sensemaking – Giving meaning to collective
Abductive_reasoning
Philosphical view that existence proofs must be constructive
fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Razor Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness Theories
Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)
Constructivism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
Datum or structured component of reality
Truth "fact". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 17 May 2023. Bunge, M. (2003), Philosophical dictionary. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, p. 104. Paul Boghossian (2007)
Fact
Various techniques typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition
Philosophical analysis is any of various techniques, typically used by philosophers in the analytic tradition, in order to "break down" (i.e. analyze)
Philosophical_analysis
Approach in philosophy of mathematics and logic
transformations yielding derived propositions. It has been taken as giving philosophical support to several schools of philosophy, most notably the Anti-realism
Intuitionism
Argument for the existence of God
viable candidate to accommodate personal explanations. Similarly Occam's razor can be applied so only one personal agent is required. Both these are following
Argument_from_consciousness
Statements that are comprehensive and meet the requirements of Occam's razor are usually to be preferred. The second type of coherentism is the belief
Glossary_of_philosophy
Anglo-Irish philosopher and bishop (1685–1753)
writer, and clergyman who is regarded as the founder of immaterialism, a philosophical theory he developed which later came to be known as subjective idealism
George_Berkeley
Study of the development of philosophy
history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation
History_of_philosophy
2010 book by Thomas Ligotti
fiction author, with Conspiracy Ligotti offers a series of essays on his philosophical pessimism, nihilist and antinatalist views. Among other sources, Ligotti
The Conspiracy Against the Human Race
The_Conspiracy_Against_the_Human_Race
Set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies causes
"explanation" and something else. However, the tendency in much of the recent philosophical literature has been to assume that there is a substantial continuity
Explanation
View that mathematics does not necessarily represent reality, but is more akin to a game
consistency of mathematical systems. It represents one of the three major philosophical approaches to mathematics developed during this period, alongside logicism
Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)
Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
against Philosophical 747 gambit Atheist's Wager Creator of God Free will Hitchens's razor Incompatible properties Nonbelief Noncognitivism Occam's Razor Omnipotence
Mathematics_and_God
Ability of a theory to explain a subject
methodological testing to select for the strongest hypothesis. Falsifiability Razor (philosophy) Critical rationalism David Deutsch, "A new way of explaining
Explanatory_power
German physicist and cosmologist
cosmological principle) Dark matter Observable universe Epistemology Philosophical razor Dennis W. Sciama From ideal to real observational cosmology, thegravitygrinch
Jenny_Wagner
Argument for the existence of God
Roman Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas as one of the five ways to philosophically argue in favour of God's existence in his Summa Theologica. It is based
Argument_from_degree
Philosophical idea that only one's own mind is certain to exist
(/ˈsɒlɪpsɪzəm/ SOLL-ip-siz-əm; from Latin sōlus 'alone' and ipse 'self') is the philosophical position that only one's own mind is certain to exist. It holds that
Solipsism
American conservative website and media company
subscription-based shaving razors called Jeremy's Razors, openly competing against former Daily Wire sponsor Harry's Razors. In March 2023, Boreing started
The_Daily_Wire
Philosophical study of being
Ontology is the philosophical study of being. It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features
Ontology
Mathematical theory
Occam's razor by assigning larger prior credences to theories that require a shorter algorithmic description. The theory is based in philosophical foundations
Solomonoff's theory of inductive inference
Solomonoff's_theory_of_inductive_inference
Argument for the belief in God
Pascal's wager is a philosophical argument advanced by Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), a French mathematician, philosopher, physicist, and theologian. This
Pascal's_wager
Philosophy emphasizing names and labels
accord with the analytical method that has since come to be called Ockham's razor, the principle that the explanation of any phenomenon should make as few
Nominalism
Judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive
fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Razor Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness Theories
Opinion
German-language work by Karl Marx, published 1932
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (German: Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844), also known as the Paris Manuscripts
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Economic_and_Philosophic_Manuscripts_of_1844
Question of whether inductive reasoning leads to definitive knowledge
The problem of induction is a philosophical problem that questions the rationality of predictions about unobserved things based on previous observations
Problem_of_induction
Useful connection between topics
fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Razor Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness Theories
Relevance
Inability to think and behave rationally despite adequate intelligence
or acting without inclusion of rationality Neurathian bootstrap – Philosophical analogy about knowledgePages displaying short descriptions of redirect
Dysrationalia
Pretending to treat something as literally true (a "useful fiction")
fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Razor Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness Theories
Fictionalism
Branch of logic
notice of his death in the Proceedings And Addresses of the American Philosophical Association (2002) as "a text in informal logic, [that] was intended
Informal_logic
Philosophy of mathematics that accepts only finite objects
fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Razor Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness Theories
Finitism
Analysis of facts to form a judgment
Demarcation problem – Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science Dialectic – Method of reasoning and philosophical argument Disinformation –
Critical_thinking
Believability of a source or message
Credibility gap Credibility theory Credibility thesis Epistemology, the philosophical study of truth and belief Expertise finding Indie cred Integrity Objectivity
Credibility
English Franciscan friar and theologian (c. 1287–1347)
as one of the founders of their movement. He is widely known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name. He produced significant
William_of_Ockham
Russian-American actress (1922-2004)
Year Title Role Notes 1946 The Razor's Edge Guest Uncredited 1947 Forever Amber Makeup Artist Uncredited 1948 Apartment for Peggy Jeanne 1948 Unfaithfully
Pati_Behrs
Philosophical problem articulated by David Hume
Ludwig Wittgenstein Buridan's ass – Philosophical paradox regarding free will Deontic logic – Field of philosophical logic Fact–value distinction – Distinction
Is–ought_problem
German philosopher (1770–1831)
Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, events which he interpreted from a philosophical perspective. His academic career culminated in his appointment to the
Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel
American philosopher (1922–1996)
explain Simple – the simplest explanation, principally similar to Occam's razor Fruitful – a theory should disclose new phenomena or new relationships among
Thomas_Kuhn
Obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient warrant for their position
it challenges a perceived status quo. This is also stated in Hitchens's razor, which declares that "what may be asserted without evidence may be dismissed
Burden_of_proof_(philosophy)
Adhering absolutely to certain constraints with consistency
fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda Prudence Razor Reasoning Relevance Rhetoric Rigor Theory Vagueness Theories
Rigour
Philosophical worldview rejecting anything supernatural
naturalism (also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism, or antisupernaturalism) is a philosophical worldview that holds that there is nothing
Metaphysical_naturalism
Typographical symbol (@)
January 2011). "Razor syntax quick reference". Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2013. "ASP.NET MVC 3: Razor's @: and <text>
At_sign
Dramatic principle
characters, but insignificant, unimportant, or irrelevant in itself Occam's razor – the idea that explanatory mechanisms should not be posited without being
Chekhov's_gun
Metaphysical question
something and nothing, because separately neither can be distinguished". Philosophical wit Sidney Morgenbesser answered the question with an apothegm: "If
Why_is_there_anything_at_all?
who regularly sparred philosophically with William of Ockham, who is well known for Occam's razor. Chatton proposed an "anti-razor". From his Lectura I
Walter_Chatton
American philosopher
"A Luxury of the Understanding: On the Value of True Belief". The Philosophical Review. 127 (2): 237–240. doi:10.1215/00318108-4326647. Bondy, Patrick
Allan_Hazlett
British philosopher (1931–2026)
and Rockefeller University. Kenny had been a member of the American Philosophical Society since 1993, and of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Anthony_Kenny
Malicious possessing spirit in Jewish religion
possessed by a dybbuk in 19th century Chicago. The novella To Clutch a Razor (2025) by Veronica Roth features a chapter in which a young woman found
Dybbuk
American philosopher and theologian (born 1949)
Phenomenological Research, Philosophical Studies, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, Faith and Philosophy, Erkenntnis, and American Philosophical Quarterly. Craig
William_Lane_Craig
2001 novella by Scott Adams
Question, short story by author Isaac Asimov. God becomes the Universe Occam's razor Philipp Mainländer God's Debris, page X God's Debris, page XI Knujon Mapson
God's_Debris
Philosophical view that consiousness and the body are fundamentally different
philosophical debates. Unrestricted Occam's Razor favors monism over dualism, and nominalism over platonism. By contrast, 'concretized' Occam's Razor
Mind–body_dualism
Philosophical tradition
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing,
Pragmatism
German philosopher (1874–1945)
sciences". Cassirer was one of the leading 20th-century advocates of philosophical idealism. His most famous work is the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (1923–1929)
Ernst_Cassirer
Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion
prominent advocate of this latter form of philosophical argument. World-disclosing arguments are a group of philosophical arguments that according to Nikolas
Argument
Belief that God and reality are identical
Pantheism is a diverse family of philosophical and religious beliefs that equate reality with divinity. Pantheistic concepts date back thousands of years
Pantheism
American neuroscientist and philosopher (born 1967)
While his original major was in English, Harris became interested in philosophical questions while at Stanford University after an experience with MDMA
Sam_Harris
Traditions of human transformation aided by religious experiences
ordination. While Church authorities also taught from a speculative and philosophical perspective, Symeon taught from his own direct mystical experience,
Mysticism
Range of related ideas and movements that have developed in the Western world
reserved for teachings that were developed "within the walls" of the philosophical school, among a circle of thinkers ("eso-" indicating what is unseen
Western_esotericism
Philosophical question
as logical, empirical, metaphysical, subjective, or scientific. In philosophical terms, the question of the existence of God involves the disciplines
Existence_of_God
Changing viewpoints of philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (1872–1970)
of Ockham's principle against multiplying unnecessary entities, Occam's razor, as a central part of the method of analysis. Russell had great influence
Philosophical views of Bertrand Russell
Philosophical_views_of_Bertrand_Russell
Instances of subjective experience
Occam's razor is not useful for scientific discovery. For example, the discovery of relativity in physics was not the product of accepting Occam's razor but
Qualia
the Motte and Bailey castle, that is to say, the Bailey, represents a philosophical doctrine or position with similar properties: desirable to its proponent
List_of_fallacies
Hypothetical group of multiple universes
exist in one of the few universes that support life. Debates around Occam's razor and the simplicity of the multiverse versus a single universe arise, with
Multiverse
Position combining atheism and agnosticism
concern belief, while agnosticism concerns knowledge. Under narrower philosophical definitions, however, atheism and agnosticism may be treated as distinct
Agnostic_atheism
Cosmological theory
he reasons, it is preferred over other theories-of-everything by Occam's Razor. Tegmark also considers augmenting the MUH with a second assumption, the
Mathematical universe hypothesis
Mathematical_universe_hypothesis
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PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
PHILOSOPHICAL RAZOR
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