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NASA probe of the Sun's outer corona
The Parker Solar Probe (PSP; previously Solar Probe, Solar Probe Plus or Solar Probe+) is a NASA space probe launched in 2018 to make observations of the
Parker_Solar_Probe
Stream of charged particles from the Sun
Magnetic sail Parker Solar Probe Plasmasphere Solar cycle Solar sail Solar Wind Composition Experiment STEREO "Stanford SOLAR Center – Ask A Solar Physicist
Solar_wind
American solar physicist (1927–2022)
renamed its Solar Probe Plus mission to Parker Solar Probe in his honor, the first NASA spacecraft named after a living person. Eugene Newman Parker was born
Eugene_Parker
CNSA Parker Solar Probe Mission: observation of solar wind, magnetic fields, and coronal energy flow. Launched: 12 August 2018 Destination: low solar orbit
List of active Solar System probes
List_of_active_Solar_System_probes
Outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere
between 10 and 20 solar radii from the surface of the Sun. On April 28, 2021, during its eighth flyby of the Sun, NASA's Parker Solar Probe encountered the
Solar_corona
Topics referred to by the same term
Solar probe can refer to: the NASA Solar Probe mission (now named "Parker Solar Probe") List of Solar System probes, which includes many solar probes
Solar_probe
Unmanned robotic spacecraft
such as Parker Solar Probe and Lucy have been designed to study the Sun and primitive asteroids in unprecedented detail. List of Solar System probes Uncrewed
Space_probe
organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets. Flybys (such as gravity assists) that
List_of_Solar_System_probes
Proposed NASA space probe to travel 1000 AU from the Sun
for other interstellar probes, see Interstellar probe. Interstellar Probe (ISP) is a proposed NASA space probe designed to explore and characterize the
Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)
Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)
American astrophysicist
Parker Solar Probe (PSP), and the planned HelioSwarm, earning several awards from NASA. The Solar Probe Cup he helped build for the Parker Probe's SWEAP
Anthony_W._Case
Star at the centre of the Solar System
Wit, Thierry; Zank, G. P. (14 December 2021). "Parker Solar Probe Enters the Magnetically Dominated Solar Corona". Physical Review Letters. 127 (25) 255101
Sun
Heliophysicist
the lead scientist for the Parker Solar Probe, and served as the Science and Operations Coordinator for the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Science
Nicola_Fox
Scientific instrument on the Parker Solar Probe
FIELDS is a science instrument on the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), designed to measure magnetic fields in the solar corona during its mission to study the
FIELDS
Space navigation technique
Parker Solar Probe The Parker Solar Probe, launched by NASA in 2018, has seven planned Venus gravity assists. Each gravity assist brings the Parker Solar
Gravity_assist
Instrument on the Parker Solar Probe
Investigation of the Sun or IS☉IS, is an instrument aboard the Parker Solar Probe, a space probe designed to study the Sun. IS☉IS is focused on measuring energetic
Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun
Integrated_Science_Investigation_of_the_Sun
Space probe that can travel out of the Solar System
An interstellar probe is a space probe that has left—or is expected to leave—the Solar System and enter interstellar space, which is typically defined
Interstellar_probe
European space-based solar observatory
The Solar Orbiter (SolO) is a Sun-observing probe developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with a NASA contribution. Solar Orbiter, designed to obtain
Solar_Orbiter
Instrument on the Parker Solar Probe
The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP) is an instrument on the Parker Solar Probe, designed for an unmanned mission to the Sun's outer corona
SWEAP
NASA space probe launched in 1977
Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program, to study the outer Solar System and the interstellar
Voyager_1
Instrument on the Parker Solar Probe
The Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) is an imaging instrument of the Parker Solar Probe mission to the Sun, launched in August 2018. Imaging
WISPR
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
maneuvers, such as the two Voyager probes accelerating when flying by planets in the outer Solar System and the Parker Solar Probe decelerating closer towards
Solar_System
NASA scientific research program
Program. Major spacecraft include the Van Allen Probes, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the Parker Solar Probe. Living With a Star was proposed in 2000 and
Living_With_a_Star
joint heliophysics mission SMILE to study the dynamic interaction between solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere. The spacecraft reached its final science
2026_in_spaceflight
Boundary between solar corona and wind
Alfvén critical surface, Alfvén point, or Alfvén radius. In 2018, the Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to cross the Sun's Alfvén surface. Stars
Alfvén_surface
NASA/ESA solar probe launched in 1990
planets Parker Solar Probe – NASA probe of the Sun's outer corona Solar and Heliospheric Observatory – European space observatory STEREO – Solar observation
Ulysses_(spacecraft)
Proposed NASA space mission to Uranus
Uranus Orbiter and Probe is an orbiter mission concept to study Uranus and its moons. The orbiter would also deploy an atmospheric probe to characterize
Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe
University-affiliated research center
"NASA's Parker Solar Probe Team Wins 2024 Collier Trophy - NASA Science". March 25, 2025. Retrieved February 6, 2026. "NASA's Parker Solar Probe Snaps Closest-Ever
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
Johns_Hopkins_University_Applied_Physics_Laboratory
NASA space probe launched in 2006
speed recorded for a spacecraft, which, as of 2026, is that of the Parker Solar Probe. After a brief encounter with asteroid 132524 APL, New Horizons proceeded
New_Horizons
Supposed glow in Venus's light
Parker Solar Probe Captures Surprising Images of Venus Nightside". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 2025-03-14. "Nightside observations by the Parker Solar
Ashen_light
First NASA mission to orbit Jupiter (1989–2003)
largest planet in the Solar System, with more than twice the mass of all the other planets combined. Consideration of sending a probe to Jupiter began as
Galileo_(spacecraft)
Component to protect against excessive heat
Shield Installed on NASA's Parker Solar Probe - NASA". 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2024-04-30. Grossi, Stefano. "Parker Solar Probe Heat Shield". Ultramet. Retrieved
Heat_shield
Branch of astrophysics
released into space. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was launched in 2018 with the mission of making detailed observations of the outer solar corona. It has made
Solar_physics
Region of space dominated by the Sun
154–155. ISBN 9781591028826. Chang, Kenneth (10 August 2018). "NASA's Parker Solar Probe Is Named for Him. 60 Years Ago, No One Believed His Ideas About the
Heliosphere
Variant of the Delta IV space launch vehicle
the first uncrewed test of the Orion spacecraft in 2014, and the Parker Solar Probe launch in 2018, which required an additional Star 48BV third stage
Delta_IV_Heavy
Magnetic field reversals in the solar wind
over the Sun's poles. NASA's Parker Solar Probe and NASA/ESA Solar Orbiter both observed switchbacks. Magnetic (or solar) switchback is a rapid polarity
Magnetic_switchback
NASA/DLR solar probes launched in 1974–76
the Sun so far, a record only broken in October 2018 by the Parker Solar Probe. The probes are no longer functional, but as of 2024 remain in elliptical
Helios_(spacecraft)
Topics referred to by the same term
Argentine Navy HMS Parker (1916), a ship Parker Solar Probe, a 2018 spacecraft Mount Melibengoy, formerly known as Parker Volcano, Mindanao island, Philippines
Parker
Unit of measurement
such spacecraft in the 2010s include: Solar Orbiter (which flew as close as 45 R☉ to the sun) Parker Solar Probe (which flew as close as 9 R☉ to the sun)
Solar_radius
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
ISBN 978-0-07-145545-9. OCLC 61684277. "Parker Solar Probe Becomes Fastest-Ever Spacecraft – Parker Solar Probe". blogs.nasa.gov. 29 October 2018. Archived
Mass–energy_equivalence
Calendar year
"NASA's Parker Solar Probe Is Named for Him. 60 Years Ago, No One Believed His Ideas About the Sun - Eugene N. Parker predicted the existence of solar wind
2018
Australia. One solar mission was launched: ESA's Solar Orbiter, on 10 February 2020, intended to study the Sun's heliosphere. Parker Solar Probe, launched
2020_in_spaceflight
Mass shooting in Oregon, US
career in astrophysics and a key role in designing a tool for NASA's Parker Solar Probe. While survivors and their families have conceded they have more sympathy
1998 Thurston High School shooting
1998_Thurston_High_School_shooting
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
less expensive rockets. Space probes have visited every planet in the Solar System and Pluto, and the Parker Solar Probe has an orbit that, at its closest
Spacecraft
European space observatory
telescope. Parker Solar Probe, launched 2018, still operational. Phoebus group, international scientists aiming at detecting solar g modes SOHO 2333 Solar Dynamics
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory
missions to study the heliosphere and solar wind: IMAP, IBEX, TWINS, Ulysses/SWOOPS, ACE/SWEPAM, and Parker Solar Probe. He received the National Academy
David_J._McComas
Joint venture of Lockheed Martin and Boeing
interplanetary probe to depart from the U.S. West Coast. In August 2018, a Delta IV Heavy launched Parker Solar Probe, NASA's solar space probe that was to
United_Launch_Alliance
Topics referred to by the same term
also known as The Fields FIELDS, a spacecraft instrument on the Parker Solar Probe Mrs. Fields, an American franchisor in the food industry Marshall
Fields
Second planet from the Sun
there are no active probes at Venus, with Parker Solar Probe scheduled to return repeatedly to Venus until 2030. Several probes are under development
Venus
American planetary physicist
Venus! Parker Solar Probe Makes Second Planetary Flyby". Space.com. Dec 26, 2019. Bartels, Meghan (May 18, 2021). "Venus views from NASA sun probe show
Shannon_Curry
American space scientist
as head of operations for the Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP) instrument aboard the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft. Korreck obtained a
Kelly_Korreck
Cosmic rays inside the heliosphere
SOHO, and other spacecraft. Recently, Parker Solar Probe measured ACRs at 1 au to 0.05 au from the Sun. Solar Orbiter measured ACRs from 1 to 0.3 au
Anomalous_cosmic_ray
approach (periapsis), or during the early stages of atmospheric entry. Parker Solar Probe (artist rendering), fastest spacecraft relative to the Sun New Horizons
List_of_vehicle_speed_records
Mission to Saturn (1997–2017)
Orbiter and Titan Probe as a possible joint mission. In 1983, NASA's Solar System Exploration Committee recommended the same Orbiter and Probe pair as a core
Cassini–Huygens
Meteor shower
the Perseids (36 AD) and Leonids (902 AD). Based on data from the Parker Solar Probe, a 2023 study suggested that the Geminids may have been formed by
Geminids
First spacecraft to land on Titan
Huygens (/ˈhɔɪɡənz/ HOY-gənz) was an atmospheric entry robotic space probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005. Built and operated
Huygens_(spacecraft)
January. It will study the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and their impact on the environment around Earth. Einstein Probe, X-ray space telescope
2024_in_spaceflight
orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes. A small number of pioneering
Timeline of Solar System exploration
Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration
Syrian-American astronomer and space physicist
solar corona during eclipse in association with NASA in 2006, 2008 and 2009, she also played a key role in establishing the NASA Parker Solar Probe,
Shadia_Habbal
Charged particle catcher
Examples of devices which use Faraday cups include space probes (Voyager 1, & 2, Parker Solar Probe, etc.) and mass spectrometers. Faraday cups can also be
Faraday_cup
NASA orbiter mission to Mars (1996–2006)
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic space probe developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It was launched on 7 November 1996, and
Mars_Global_Surveyor
Faint solar glow caused by interplanetary dust at sunset and sunrise
Public Radio show Fresh Air Frazier, Sarah (2021-04-16). "NASA's Parker Solar Probe Sees Venus Orbital Dust Ring". NASA. Retrieved 2023-01-21. Wikimedia
Zodiacal_light
Process of keeping all parts of a spacecraft within acceptable temperature ranges
ceramic cloth sunshade Parker Solar Probe, launched 2018, has a heatshield made of carbon, carbon-foam, carbon sandwich Solar Orbiter, launched in 2020
Spacecraft_thermal_control
Executive jet aircraft
nominated for the 2024 Collier Trophy, ultimately awarded to the Parker Solar Probe. In 2026, the Gulfstream G700 received certification from India's
Gulfstream_G650/G700/G800
Study of space plasmas in the Solar System
Boundary Explorer (IBEX) in 2008, and Parker Solar Probe. Other spacecraft would study the sun, such as STEREO and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
Space_physics
Measure in astrodynamics
The InSight mission to Mars launched with a C3 of 8.19 km2/s2. The Parker Solar Probe (via Venus) plans a maximum C3 of 154 km2/s2. Typical ballistic C3
Characteristic_energy
Second NASA orbiter mission to Jupiter (2011–Present)
working in the inner Solar System. Accordingly, Juno required the three largest solar panel wings ever deployed on a planetary probe (at the time of launching)
Juno_(spacecraft)
Chemical element with atomic number 41 (Nb)
used to make the high voltage wire of the solar corona particles receptor module of the Parker Solar Probe. Niobium is a constituent of a lightfast chemically
Niobium
NASA flyby mission to asteroid Braille and Comet Borrelly (1998–2001)
validation for future missions; 12 technologies were tested: Solar Electric Propulsion Solar Concentrator Arrays Multi-functional Structure Miniature Integrated
Deep_Space_1
NASA orbiter mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres (2007–2018)
Dawn is a retired space probe that was launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid
Dawn_(spacecraft)
American space probe to asteroid (1996–2001)
Shoemaker in honor of planetary scientist Eugene Shoemaker, was a robotic space probe developed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for
NEAR_Shoemaker
First spacecraft to visit Jupiter and the outer Solar System (1972–2003)
decided in 1964 to test key elements of the mission by sending two probes to the outer Solar System. An advocacy group, the Outer Space Panel, chaired by James
Pioneer_10
NASA sample return probe
Genesis was a NASA sample-return probe that collected a sample of solar wind particles and returned them to Earth for analysis. It was the first NASA sample-return
Genesis_(spacecraft)
Study of missions to interstellar objects
like that in the Parker Solar Probe, atop a Falcon Heavy-class launcher, with a trajectory including a powered Jupiter flyby and a Solar Oberth maneuver
Project_Lyra
Latin phrase that translates literally to 'on site'
instruments physically present at the location. For example, the Parker Solar Probe conducts in situ studies of the Sun's atmosphere, while the Cassini–Huygens
In_situ
NASA mission to Mercury
MESSENGER was a NASA robotic space probe that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015, studying Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and
MESSENGER
American physicist
experiments on multiple spacecraft, including the Voyager program and Parker Solar Probe. Bridge was born in Berkeley, California, in 1919. He studied chemistry
Herbert_S._Bridge
NASA Mars orbiter (2013–2025)
the Mars atmosphere. The probe analyzed the planet's upper atmosphere and ionosphere to examine how and at what rate the solar wind is stripping away volatile
MAVEN
science and technology. 1 January – Detailed telemetry data from the Parker Solar Probe is received, following its passage through the Sun's corona. 2 January
2025_in_science
European mission to study Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2004–2016)
Rosetta was a space probe built by the European Space Agency that launched on 2 March 2004. Along with Philae, its lander module, Rosetta performed a
Rosetta_(spacecraft)
Astronomer
Scientist for the XRT instrument); IRIS (Institutional PI for SAO); SDO; Parker Solar Probe; and suborbital sounding rockets including the MaGIXS and Hi-C FLARE
Katharine_Reeves
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
spectrum of surface radiation, including galactic and cosmic radiation, solar proton events and secondary neutrons. As part of its exploration, it also
Curiosity_(rover)
NASA space probe launched in 1977
Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program. It was launched on a trajectory towards the gas giants
Voyager_2
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
"NASA's Parker Solar Probe survives close brush with the sun's scorching surface". Associated Press. Retrieved December 27, 2024. "Parker Solar Probe Presskit"
List_of_spaceflight_records
NASA space mission to Jupiter and Europa
send a space probe developed by NASA to study Europa, a Galilean moon of Jupiter. Launched by a Falcon Heavy on October 14, 2024, the probe is planned to
Europa_Clipper
NASA mission, launched in 2010 to GSO
by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Spaceflight portal Heliophysics Advanced Composition Explorer Parker Solar Probe Radiation Belt Storm Probes (Van Allen
Solar_Dynamics_Observatory
Calendar year
December 24 The 2025 Jubilee in the Catholic Church begins. The Parker Solar Probe breaks the previous record set in 2018 for the closest artificial
2024
Comparison of a wide range of speeds
Science Conference (2016), accessed May 30, 2017 "NASA Press Kit: Parker Solar Probe" (PDF). NASA. August 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on September
Orders_of_magnitude_(speed)
Annual aviation award administered by the US National Aeronautical Association
Laboratory for the Parker Solar Probe, which ventured into the Sun's corona passing 3.83 million mi (6.16 million km) from the solar surface, closer than
Collier_Trophy
American mechanical engineer
status and findings with the public. Her most recent project was the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft, which launched on August 12, 2018. It became the first
Powtawche_Valerino
Planetary defence spacecraft developed by the ESA
technological demonstrations linked to operations in the vicinity of a small Solar System body and the deployment of and communication with CubeSats in interplanetary
Hera_(space_mission)
Japanese probe to asteroid and sample return (2003–2010)
when the MINERVA release command arrived, MINERVA was released while the probe was ascending and at a higher altitude than intended, so that it escaped
Hayabusa
European space observatory for astrometry (2013–2025)
the Solar System using astrometry, 500,000 quasars outside this galaxy and tens of thousands of known and new asteroids and comets within the Solar System
Gaia_(spacecraft)
Cui; L. Yang; C. Hou; L. Zhang; et al. (2021). "The Encounter of the Parker Solar Probe and a Comet-like Object Near the Sun: Model Predictions and Measurements"
List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft
List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft
Crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planets
performing interstellar spaceflight. Uncrewed space probes have flown to all the observed planets in the Solar System as well as to dwarf planets Pluto and Ceres
Interplanetary_spaceflight
NASA space probe launched in 2005
Deep Impact was a NASA space probe launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on January 12, 2005. It was designed to study the interior composition
Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)
NASA spacecraft active since 2005
miles). All six of MRO's main engines burned for 27 minutes to slow the probe by 1,000 meters per second (3,300 ft/s). The burn was remarkably accurate
Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
List of space missions by NASA
2025, operational Parker Solar Probe, launched August 2018, operational – the first mission into the Sun's corona Living With a Star Solar Dynamics Observatory
List_of_NASA_missions
Retired expendable launch system in the Delta rocket family
5, 2014. On August 12, 2018, another Delta IV Heavy launched the Parker Solar Probe on a mission to explore or "touch" the outer corona of the Sun. The
Delta_IV
NASA probe to study solar wind, at L1 since 1995
1980, decommissioned 1989 Solar Orbiter (SOLO), launched in February 2020 Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018 STEREO (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory)
Wind_(spacecraft)
satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites
Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes
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