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Hypothesis in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory, the parallel computation thesis is a hypothesis which states that the time used by a (reasonable) parallel machine
Parallel_computation_thesis
Software application of the concept of reversible computing
which was utilized in parallel discrete event simulations, known as Time Warp. To date, the technique known as Reverse Computation has only been applied
Reverse_computation
Amount of resources to perform an algorithm
computational complexity or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required to run it. Particular focus is given to computation
Computational_complexity
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, parallel and distributed computation, probabilistic computation, quantum computation, automata theory, information
Theoretical_computer_science
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
complexity) and the number of processors (used in parallel computing). One of the roles of computational complexity theory is to determine the practical
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Abstract computation model
more general form of these relationships is expressed by the parallel computation thesis. An alternating Turing machine with k alternations is an alternating
Alternating_Turing_machine
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
model of computation, a computer's instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing-complete or computationally universal
Turing_completeness
Model of concurrent computation
mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats an actor as the basic building block of concurrent computation. In response to a message it receives
Actor_model
Abstract computer for designing parallel algorithms
solving them in parallel. The introduction of the formal 'P-RAM' model in Wyllie's 1979 thesis had the aim of quantifying analysis of parallel algorithms in
Parallel_RAM
Computation model defining an abstract machine
for the Church–Turing thesis. This thesis states that Turing machines, lambda calculus, and other similar formalisms of computation do indeed capture the
Turing_machine
Sequence of operations for a task
typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and
Algorithm
made between the processes of computation and deduction, is misleading". Robert Kowalski developed the thesis that computation could be subsumed by deduction
Indeterminacy in concurrent computation
Indeterminacy_in_concurrent_computation
Ability to solve a problem by an effective procedure
hand. General models of computation equivalent to a Turing machine (see Church–Turing thesis) include: Lambda calculus A computation consists of an initial
Computability
British American computer scientist
he formulated the concept of bulk synchronous computation as a unifying principle for parallel computation. Leslie received the Nevanlinna Prize in 1986
Leslie_Valiant
Estimate of time taken for running an algorithm
In theoretical computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm
Time_complexity
Family of approaches for modelling concurrent systems
distinguishing the process calculi from sequential models of computation. Parallel composition allows computation in P {\displaystyle {\mathit {P}}} and Q {\displaystyle
Process_calculus
Evolutionary computation conference
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) is a peer-reviewed technical conference in the area of evolutionary computation, broadly interpreted
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference
Genetic_and_Evolutionary_Computation_Conference
Parallel programming model
available. Another way to look at MapReduce is as a 5-step parallel and distributed computation: Prepare the Map() input – the "MapReduce system" designates
MapReduce
American computer scientist
Foundation’s Doctoral Thesis Award. 1982 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award for his Ph.D. thesis, Area-Efficient VLSI Computation 1985 National Science Foundation
Charles_E._Leiserson
Machines: an abstract model of parallel computation for Turing Machines, the Game of Life, and Artificial Neural Networks, M.S. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University
History of the Church–Turing thesis
History_of_the_Church–Turing_thesis
Methods that imitate, replicate or use natural processes
Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration
Natural_computing
Computational method in Bayesian statistics
Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) constitutes a class of computational methods rooted in Bayesian statistics that can be used to estimate the posterior
Approximate Bayesian computation
Approximate_Bayesian_computation
Problem of finding obscured edges in a wire-frame 3D model
output-sensitive hidden surface removal algorithm and its parallelization. In Proc. 4th Annual Symp. on Computational Geometry, SCG ’88, pp. 193–200, New York, NY
Hidden-line_removal
Optimization technique
Algorithms". Caltech Concurrent Computation Program (report 826). Cantú-Paz, Erick (2001). Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms. Genetic Algorithms
Metaheuristic
Competitive algorithm for searching a problem space
Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. The Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: 78–87. ISBN 3-540-58484-6
Genetic_algorithm
American computer scientist
the algorithmic foundations of motion planning, computational biology, computational geometry and parallel computing. Amato is the Abel Bliss Professor of
Nancy_M._Amato
Computer scientist and quantum computing researcher
(2003). Complexity analysis and semantics for quantum computation. imperial.ac.uk (PhD thesis). Imperial College London. hdl:10044/1/11786. OCLC 1001162468
Elham_Kashefi
Models of computation
Hypercomputation or super-Turing computation is a set of hypothetical models of computation that can provide outputs that are not Turing-computable. For
Hypercomputation
Iterative simulation method
In computational science, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a population
Particle_swarm_optimization
Design technique for parallel algorithms
Wylie, James C. (1979). "Chapter 4: Computational Structures". The Complexity of Parallel Computations (Thesis). Cornell University. Shiloach, Yossi;
Pointer_jumping
Optimization algorithm
optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems that can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs. Artificial
Ant colony optimization algorithms
Ant_colony_optimization_algorithms
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
computed Church–Turing thesis — thesis concerning the nature of effective computation Turing machine — model formalizing computation Lambda calculus — formal
Outline_of_algorithms
Thought experiment on artificial intelligence
argument is against the thesis that "has since come to be called 'computationalism,' according to which cognition is just computation, hence mental states
Chinese_room
Method of solving differential equations
James H., Joseph E. Pasciak, and Jinchao Xu. "Parallel multilevel preconditioners." Mathematics of Computation 55, no. 191 (1990): 1–22. Xu, Jinchao. "Iterative
Multigrid_method
Type of cryptographic algorithm
effectiveness of parallel computing. In order to evaluate the function using less memory, a significant time penalty is incurred. As each MHF computation requires
Memory-hard_function
Measure method in computational geometry
authors list (link) Pirzadeh, Hormoz (1999). Computational geometry with the rotating calipers (Master's thesis). McGill University. Binay K. Bhattacharya
Rotating_calipers
British physicist and computer scientist
switched to computer science in 1985, and in 1986 became professor of computation in the Department of Electronics and Computer Science at Southampton
Tony_Hey
Israeli computer scientist and mathematician
science in areas including randomized computation, cryptography, circuit complexity, proof complexity, parallel computation, and our understanding of fundamental
Avi_Wigderson
Attempts to formalize the concept of algorithms
But this equivalence together with the thesis (unproven assertion) that this includes every calculation/computation indicates why so much emphasis has been
Algorithm_characterizations
Sequence in computer science
1016/S0019-9958(86)80023-7 Ladner, R. E.; Fischer, M. J. (1980), "Parallel Prefix Computation", Journal of the ACM, 27 (4): 831–838, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.106.6247
Prefix_sum
Computer optimization technique
January 2011. Randy B. Osborne (1990-03-21). "Speculative Computation in Multilisp". Parallel Lisp: Languages and Systems (PS). Lecture Notes in Computer
Speculative_execution
created using machine learning to perform a number of tasks. While the computational implementations of ANNs relate to earlier discoveries in mathematics
History of artificial neural networks
History_of_artificial_neural_networks
theory of computation that deals with what can be computed, in principle. Computational complexity theory deals with how hard computations are, in quantitative
List of computability and complexity topics
List_of_computability_and_complexity_topics
ISBN 0-89791-133-4, S2CID 17475781. Wyllie, J. C. (1979), The Complexity of Parallel Computation, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Computer Science, Cornell University.
List_ranking
Basic circuit in quantum computing
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit
Quantum_logic_gate
computing refers to computational systems that use very large numbers of identical, parallel processors each having limited computational ability and local
Amorphous_computing
American computer scientist (1931–2026)
Models for Computation Computation Structures Structure of Computer Systems Semantic Theory for Computer Systems Semantics of Parallel Computation Computer
Jack_Dennis
American computer scientist
Cynthia (1983). Bounds on Fundamental Problems in Parallel and Distributed Computation. cornell.edu (PhD thesis). Cornell University. hdl:1813/6427. OCLC 634017620
Cynthia_Dwork
American computer scientist (born 1950)
of Engineering for contributions to numerical software, parallel and distributed computation, and problem-solving environments. In 2023, Dongarra was
Jack_Dongarra
Chinese-American computer scientist (born 1944)
mathematical computation. He has conducted over forty research projects. His research mainly focuses on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (SAC), automatic
Paul_S._Wang
Russian computer scientist (1962–2026)
Sciences degree in Physics and Mathematics in 1989 for a thesis entitled «Macroanalysis of Parallel Structure of Sequential Programs and Algorithms». In 1990
Vladimir_Voevodin
Higher education institution
particularly known for research in the areas of artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, systems biology, mathematical logic and theoretical computer
School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh
School_of_Informatics,_University_of_Edinburgh
American computer scientist (born 1942)
fields of distributed computing, parallel computing, cryptography, algorithms and data structures, and computational complexity. Fischer was born in 1942
Michael_J._Fischer
Problem in linear algebra
linear algebra, the computation of the permanent of a matrix is a problem that is thought to be more difficult than the computation of the determinant
Computing_the_permanent
Class of data processing algorithms
Machine, Ph.D. Thesis Wellein, G et al. (2009) Efficient temporal blocking for stencil computations by multicore-aware wavefront parallelization, 33rd Annual
Iterative_Stencil_Loops
Population models of evolutionary algorithms
Rates, and Multi-Population Parallel Genetic Algorithms", Proc. of the 1st Annual Conf. on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (GECCO), pp. 91–98 Belkadi
Population model (evolutionary algorithm)
Population_model_(evolutionary_algorithm)
Subset of evolutionary computation
population-based bio-inspired algorithms and evolutionary computation, which itself are part of the field of computational intelligence. The mechanisms of biological
Evolutionary_algorithm
American computer scientist (1943–2012)
satisfaction, case-based reasoning and the application of massively parallel computation to AI problems. He held positions in academia and industry and at
David_Waltz
Mathematical-logic system based on functions
calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding
Lambda_calculus
British scientist
indexed by Google Scholar Blake, Andrew (1984). Parallel computation in low-level vision. ethos.bl.uk (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/6632.
Andrew Blake (computer scientist)
Andrew_Blake_(computer_scientist)
American computer scientist
and Y. Gurevich. Abstract State Machines Capture Parallel Algorithms. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 4(4), 2003, 578–651, and 9(3), 2008, article
Yuri_Gurevich
Italian computer scientist
for his 1985 book "Computational Geometry: An Introduction" into which he blended salient parts of M. I. Shamos' doctoral thesis (Shamos appears as a
Franco_P._Preparata
South African electrical engineer
his PhD from Stellenbosch University in 1991 with a thesis on parallel processing for computational electromagnetics. In 1992 he was appointed associate
David_Bruce_Davidson
American computer scientist
development of data flow computer architecture. His thesis described parallel programming language, parallel processor computer and a basis for a network architecture
James_Rumbaugh
Parallel programming model
data parallel skeletons such as map, scan, and fold. Computation skeletons which abstract the control flow and correspond mainly to task parallel skeletons
Algorithmic_skeleton
Component of a computer process
models such as CUDA designed for data parallel computation, an array of threads run the same code in parallel using only its ID to find its data in memory
Thread_(computing)
Indian American computer scientist
William J. B. Oldham. His 1992 PhD thesis was titled "Self-repair and adaptation in collective and parallel computational networks". Phoha began his career
Vir_Phoha
American computer scientist
Algorithm for Continually Running Fully Recurrent Neural Networks". Neural Computation. 1 (2): 270–280. doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.2.270. ISSN 0899-7667. R. J
Ronald_J._Williams
from 2012. Lindner described the theoretical and computational foundations in detail in his doctoral thesis at the University of Tennessee the same year.
Sassena
Indian computer scientist (1947–2024)
high-level specification and description of architectures and protocols. The Computation Structures Group at MIT, which he headed, uses TRSs to design faster
Arvind_(computer_scientist)
Ray tracing software
"SPEC MPI2007—an application benchmark suite for parallel systems using MPI". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 22 (2): 191–205. doi:10
Tachyon_(software)
Computing joint values of a kinematic chain from a known end position
orientation (relative to the start of the chain). IK operations are computationally much more complex than forward kinematics, in which joint parameters
Inverse_kinematics
Form of artificial intelligence
necessarily non-embryogenic): Automated machine learning (AutoML) Evolutionary computation NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) HyperNEAT (A Generative
Neuroevolution
Class in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory, the class NC (for "Nick's Class") is the set of decision problems decidable in polylogarithmic time on a parallel computer
NC_(complexity)
Algorithm for solving linear programming problems with special structure
iterations). A (2001) computational evaluation of Dantzig-Wolfe in general and Dantzig-Wolfe and parallel computation is the PhD thesis by J. R. Tebboth Delayed
Dantzig–Wolfe_decomposition
of Parallel Processes (Research Report). Retrieved March 9, 2022. Baker, Henry (January 1978). Actor Systems for Real-Time Computation (PhD thesis). Massachusetts
Unbounded_nondeterminism
American computer scientist
scientist, who pioneered parallel computers and their use in artificial intelligence. He founded Thinking Machines Corporation, a parallel supercomputer manufacturer
Danny_Hillis
Australian physicist
S2CID 124694221. "When parallel worlds collide ... Quantum mechanics is born". 24 October 2014. "Wiseman, Author at CQC2T". Wiseman's thesis "The Australian
Howard_M._Wiseman
to define any sequential computation and could be easily adapted to parallel computations. The reducibility of all computations to λ-calculus allows these
Computable_topology
18-bit computer from Digital, 1966
computer (MSc thesis). University of Arizona. Wokhlu, Roop Krishen (1969). The logic design of a PDP-9 controlled parallel computer (MSc thesis). University
PDP-9
Algorithm in computer science
evolution strategy (CMA-ES) Derivative-free optimization Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithm Natural evolution strategy Evolutionary game theory
Evolution_strategy
American computer scientist (1935–2011)
professor at Yale University. Fischer's thesis research concerned the effects of different models of computation on the efficiency of solving problems.
Patrick_C._Fischer
Heuristic search algorithm for evaluating game trees
solve using other approaches, dates back to the 1940s. In his 1987 PhD thesis, Bruce Abramson combined minimax search with an expected-outcome model based
Monte_Carlo_tree_search
Framework for studying interactive computational tasks through logic
of B1,...,Bn. CoL formulates computational problems in their most general—interactive—sense. CoL defines a computational problem as a game played by a
Computability_logic
American scientist (born 1939)
(born December 31, 1939) is a cognitive scientist, theoretical and computational psychologist, neuroscientist, mathematician, biomedical engineer, and
Stephen_Grossberg
Canadian computer scientist and logician (1939–2002)
Lifschitz, editor, Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation: Papers in Honor of John McCarthy, pages 359–380. Academic Press, New
Raymond_Reiter
Taiwanese computer scientist
research focused on computational complexity and parallel computation. His doctoral dissertation was titled, "Topics in Analytic Computation Complexity". In
H._T._Kung
American engineer, scientist, inventor, and entrepreneur
and genetic engineering, and for his contributions to parallel tempering methods in computational science. Deem received a Bachelor of Science degree with
Michael_W._Deem
Supercomputer
a design for a massively parallel hypercube-based arrangement of thousands of microprocessors, springing from his PhD thesis work at MIT in Electrical
Connection_Machine
Interdisciplinary scientific study of cognitive processes
of computation inspired by the structure of biological neural networks. Another precursor was the early development of the theory of computation and
Cognitive_science
Integer in Ramsey theory
Clusters with an Extension to Multi-Cluster Computation and Sat Benchmark Problem Implementation (Ph.D. thesis). University of Cincinnati. Ahmed, Tanbir
Van_der_Waerden_number
American computer scientist
topics in computer science, including graph isomorphism, parallel algorithms, computational geometry and scientific computing. His most recent focus on
Gary Miller (computer scientist)
Gary_Miller_(computer_scientist)
American computer scientist
design and analysis of parallel and multicore algorithms for real-world applications such as those in cybersecurity and computational biology. His main areas
David Bader (computer scientist)
David_Bader_(computer_scientist)
Blueprint for intelligent agents
human mind and a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science
Cognitive_architecture
outcomes are considered together, in parallel. For practical purposes, an X-machine should describe some finite computation. An encoding function α: Y → X converts
X-machine
Biological molecules for computations
being massively parallel, also uses orders of magnitude less energy per computational step. The behavior of biologically derived computational systems such
Biological_computing
American-Canadian computer scientist, contributor to complexity theory
complexity, with excursions into programming language semantics, parallel computation, and artificial intelligence. Other areas that he has contributed
Stephen_Cook
Massively parallel processing computer
were presented at the First Symposium on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation, in 1986. Some examples of applications that were made of the MPP
Goodyear_MPP
Type of artificial neural network
Science Can Learn from Each Other: An Embedded Perspective". Cognitive Computation. Haykin, Simon (1998). Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation (2 ed
Feedforward_neural_network
American computer scientist (1945–2020)
McMillan's Ph.D. thesis, which received an ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award. In addition, his research group developed the first parallel resolution theorem
Edmund_M._Clarke
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
All's Well That Ends Well.' A follower of Bertram, Count of Rousillon.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Victorious in Competition
Girl/Female
Tamil
A compilation or a bunch of vedic hymns
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old Norse drengr ‘young man’, but with more than one possible interpretation. It may reflect the personal name (originally a byname) of this form, which had some currency in the most Scandinavian-influenced areas of medieval England. Alternatively it may reflect the Middle English borrowing of the vocabulary word in the sense ‘servant’, later a technical term of the feudal system of Northumbria for a free tenant who held land by military and agricultural service, sometimes paying rent as well or in commutation.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name from Middle English combere, an agent derivative of Old English camb ‘comb’, referring perhaps to a maker or seller of combs, or to someone who used them to prepare wool or flax for spinning. This was an alternative process to carding, and caused the wool fibers to lie more or less parallel to one another, so that the cloth produced had a hard, smooth finish without a nap.English : variant of Coomber.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kommer or Kammer.
Boy/Male
Indian, Malayalam
Commutation
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Example; Allegory; Parable
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Motivation; Competition; React
Biblical
parables; governing
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Competition
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Striving; Contest; Competition; Battle
Girl/Female
Biblical
In compunction, or sharp pain.
Biblical
a parable; governing
Girl/Female
Biblical
A parable, governing.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
A Compilation or a Bunch of Vedic Hymns
Boy/Male
British, English
Extra Ordinary; Not in Competition
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Latin
Running Competition
Girl/Female
Biblical
Parables, governing.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Example, Allegory, Parable
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
Girl/Female
Muslim
Generous, Noble, Precious, Perfect
Boy/Male
Tamil
God is salvation
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Moon Light
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Granter of Issues; Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu
Ocean of compassionate
Girl/Female
Norse
From the ship's island.
Male
Hindi/Indian
(संदीप) Hindi name SANDEEP means "a lighted lamp."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian
Efficient
Girl/Female
English
Medieval English form of the Irish Caitlin. Pure.
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
PARALLEL COMPUTATION-THESIS
n.
A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
v. i.
To be parallel; to correspond; to be like.
n.
Computation.
a.
Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage.
n.
Enumeration; computation.
n.
A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.
a.
Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.
v. t.
To produce or adduce as a parallel.
n.
Reckoning; computation.
n.
A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.
adv.
In a parallel manner; with parallelism.
imp. & p. p.
of Parallel
n.
The change of a penalty or punishment by the pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment.
a.
Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.
n.
One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.
n.
A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a substitution of one form of payment for another, or one payment for many, or a specific sum of money for conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright; commutation of rations.
v. t.
To represent by parable.
n.
The result of computation; the amount computed.
v. t.
To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.
n.
One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.