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Extinct Indo-European language of the Balkans
Paeonian, sometimes spelled Paionian, is a poorly attested, extinct Indo-European language spoken by the ancient Paeonians until late antiquity. Paeonia
Paeonian_language
Ancient region and kingdom in the Balkans
romanized: Paionía, Latinized: Paeonia), was the land and the kingdom of the Paeonians in classical antiquity. Paeonia roughly corresponded to present-day North
Paeonia_(kingdom)
Ancient Indo-European people from Paeonia
of Paeonian, due to the extreme scarcity of surviving materials in the language, with numerous hypotheses having been suggested about their language and
Paeonians
Extinct Indo-European language of central Anatolia
'to bear'.) Paeonian language Dacian language Swain, Simon; Adams, J. Maxwell; Janse, Mark (2002). Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and
Phrygian_language
Language family native to Eurasia
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the north of the Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and Greater Iran, with additional native
Indo-European_languages
Extinct Indo-European language
Mysian language was akin to the barely attested Paeonian language of Paeonia, north of Macedon. It is believed that along with Phrygian, the language was
Mysian_language
Extinct Indo-European language of Southeast Europe
media related to Illyria & Illyrians. Thraco-Illyrian Thracian language Paeonian language Fol 2002, p. 225: "Romanisation was total and complete by the
Illyrian_language
Extinct Indo-European language
Thraco-Illyrian Paeonian language Ancient Macedonian language Thraco-Roman Paleo-Balkan languages Proto-Albanian language Proto-Balto-Slavic language Proto-Greek
Thracian_language
Branch of the Indo-European language family
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe,
Germanic_languages
4th-century BCE founder and king of the Paeonian kingdom
Century BC by D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Simon Hornblower, and M. Ostwald, 1994, p. 463: "Agis, king of Paeonians" Rise of Macedon Paeonian language
Agis_of_Paeonia
Direct descendants of Vulgar Latin
and transcription delimiters. The Romance languages, also known as the Latin languages, are the languages that directly descended from Vulgar Latin.
Romance_languages
Language branch
Celtic languages (/ˈkɛltɪk/ KEL-tik) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from the hypothetical Proto-Celtic language. The term
Celtic_languages
a town of Paeonia, which is mentioned by Homer as the capital of the Paeonians fighting under Pyraechmes on the Trojan side in the Trojan War. The exact
Amydon
Subfamily of Indo-European languages
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They
Slavic_languages
Ancient Paeonian tribe
(Ancient Greek: Ἀγριᾶνες, Agrianes or Ἀγρίαι, Agriai) or Agrianians, were a Paeonian or Thracian tribe, whose country was centered at Upper Strymon, in present-day
Agrianes
Anatolian ethnic group (c. 1300–100 BCE)
language of the Anatolian group. However, a passage in Athenaeus suggests that the Mysian language was akin to the barely attested Paeonian language of
Mysians
Extinct branch of Indo-European languages
Anatolian languages are an extinct branch of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Anatolia (modern Turkey). The best known Anatolian language is Hittite
Anatolian_languages
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of the early
Indo-Aryan_languages
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
from documented Indo-European languages. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language. The majority of linguistic work
Proto-Indo-European_language
Indo-European language
Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanic branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group. It is the native language of the
Albanian_language
Branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family
The Iranian languages, or Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by
Iranian_languages
Geographical grouping of Indo-European languages
Paeonian, Phrygian and Thracian were the Paleo-Balkan languages which were attested in literature. They may have included other unattested languages.
Paleo-Balkan_languages
Branch of the Indo-European language family
The Balto-Slavic languages, less often known as the Balto-Slavonic languages, form a branch of the Indo-European language family, traditionally comprising
Balto-Slavic_languages
The Derrones or Derronians (or Deroni, Derroni) were a Paeonian or a Thracian tribe. Our knowledge of them comes from coins bearing variations of the legend
Derrones
Doberes (Ancient Greek: Δόβηρες; Latin: Doberi) were an ancient Paeonian tribe. Herodotus describes the Doberes as inhabiting, with the Paeoplae, the country
Doberes_(Paeonian_tribe)
Paeoplae (Ancient Greek: Παιόπλαι) were an ancient Paeonian tribe. The name is suggested to have Thracian origin. Peltast The Histories (Penguin Classics)
Paeoplae
Extinct Indo-European languages in Asia
Kuchean-Agnean languages, are an extinct branch of the Indo-European language family spoken by inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, the Tocharians. The languages are
Tocharian_languages
Ancient Paeonian tribe
Almopians or Almopes (Ancient Greek: Ἀλμῶπες or Ἀλμωπεῖς) were an ancient Paeonian tribe. According to the Greek mythology, the founder of the tribe was thought
Almopians
Ancestor of the Germanic languages
and earlier attested Indo-European languages, extremely early Germanic loanwords in Baltic and Finnish languages (for example, Finnish kuningas 'king')
Proto-Germanic_language
Branch of the Indo-European language family
Indo-European (IE) languages, of which Albanian language varieties are the only surviving representatives. In current classifications of the IE language family,
Albanoid_languages
King of Paeonia
Dropion (Greek: Δροπίων; 250–230 BC) was the last known Paeonian king. He was the son of Leon of Paionia. Irwin Merker suggests that when Demetrios II
Dropion
Branch of the Indo-European language family
The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first
Italic_languages
Ancestor of the Celtic languages
or Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. It is not attested
Proto-Celtic_language
Indo-European language
branch in the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of the Armenian people and the official language of Armenia. Historically spoken
Armenian_language
Extinct Eastern Iranic language spoken from 100 BC to 1,100 AD
Saka, or Sakan, was a variety of Eastern Iranian languages, attested from ancient Buddhist kingdoms in the western Tarim Basin, including Khotan and Kashgar
Saka_language
extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Language group of the Indo-Iranian language family
The Nuristani languages, known earlier as Kafiri languages, are one of the three groups within the Indo-Iranian language family, alongside the Indo-Aryan
Nuristani_languages
2007 book by David W. Anthony
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World is a 2007 book by the anthropologist David
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
The_Horse,_the_Wheel,_and_Language
Ancient tribe
romanized: Odómantes) were an ancient Balkan tribe. Some regard it as Paeonian, while others claim, that the tribe was with certainty Thracian. The Odomanti
Odomanti
Overview of Balkan languages
related with Hellenic languages) Paeonian Dalmatian Eteocretan Eteocypriot Lemnian Liburnian Southeast Europe Paleo-Balkan languages Languages of Europe
Languages_of_the_Balkans
Proto-language of all the Slavic languages
or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium
Proto-Slavic_language
Attempts to classify the extinct Indo-European language
Thraco-Illyrian exists, and that the two language-areas show more differences than correspondences. The place of Paeonian language remains unclear. Modern linguists
Classification_of_Thracian
Legendary leader of the Paionians in the Trojan War
romanized: Asteropaîos, lit. 'star-child') was a leader of the Trojan-allied Paeonians along with fellow warrior Pyraechmes. Asteropaios was the son of Pelagon
Asteropaios
Overview of the Illyrian tribes
Paeonians/Paeones ethnic and linguistic kinship. Some such as Wilhelm Tomaschek and Paul Kretschmer claim that the language spoken by the Paeonians belonged
List of Illyrian peoples and tribes
List_of_Illyrian_peoples_and_tribes
Indo-European linguistic classification
characters and Latin characters. Languages of the Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the velar
Centum_and_satem_languages
Ancient tribe in Southeast Europe
Ancient Greek: Λαιαῖοι) were a Paeonian tribe who in the 4th century BC lived adjacent to the Agrianes, another Paeonian tribe, either along the upper
Laeaeans
King of Paeonia
Leon of Paionia (Greek: Λέων) (278 BC – 250 BC) was an ancient Paeonian king during the 3rd century BC, who reestablished the kingdom of Paionia after
Leon_of_Paionia
4th century BC member of the royal house of Paeonia
coinage of the Paeonian king, Patraus, who appears to have been Ariston's brother (Merker 1965: 44-5; ...)" Bylazora Paeonians Paeonian language Ashley, J
Ariston_of_Paionia
Reconstructed proto-language
also called Proto-Indo-Iranic or Proto-Aryan, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European. Its speakers, the hypothetical
Proto-Indo-Iranian_language
Siro-Paeonians or Siropaiones (Ancient Greek: Σιροπαίονες, Greek: Σιριοπαίονες, ή Σιρινοπαίονες) were an ancient Paeonian tribe inhabiting the ancient
Siropaiones
King of Paeonia, c. 335 – 315 BC
335 until his death in 315 BC. Patraus' relationship with the previous Paeonian king, Lyppeius, is unknown, as are the circumstances surrounding his ascension
Patraus
1.11 Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Naxos Smith "Paeon" 3. Paeonian language Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W
Paeon_(son_of_Endymion)
of Thrace, known only from a rare coin bearing his name. He was perhaps Paeonian.[citation needed] Babelon, Ernest (1979). Introduction générale à l'étude
Bastareus
Progenitor of Old Norse
Proto-Norse, or Ancient Nordic, was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic
Proto-Norse_language
Lusitanian Moesian-Mysian-Paeonian-Mushkian? Moesian-Mysian-Paeonian? Moesian Mysian Paeonian Mushkian Siculian Venetic Unclassified languages that may have been
List of Indo-European languages
List_of_Indo-European_languages
King of Paeonia, c. 315 – c. 285/4 BC
Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 279–305. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Paeonian language
Audoleon
Reconstructed language
Proto-Armenian is the reconstructed, unattested ancestral stage of the Armenian language, encompassing its development from Proto-Indo-European to the earliest
Proto-Armenian_language
Group of Eastern Iranic languages
The Scythian languages (/ˈsɪθiən/ or /ˈsɪðiən/ or /ˈskɪθiən/) are a group of Eastern Iranic languages of the classical and late antique period (the Middle
Scythian_languages
north of this area, Paeonian would have been used, and to the south Epirot, both scantily attested. The Palaeo-Balkan languages included Illyrian, which
Languages_of_the_Roman_Empire
Ancient Agrianian king
Langarus (Greek: Λάγγαρος; died 335 BC), king of the Agrianians, was a contemporary of Alexander the Great (336–323 BC), with whom he ingratiated himself
Langarus
Linguistical theory
relationship Thracian language Venetic language ^ Linguists do not recognize the Paeonian as separate from the Illyrian or Thracian languages. The Ancient Macedonian
Thraco-Illyrian_languages
Extinct Indo-European language of the Carpathian region
language generally believed to be a member of the Indo-European language family that was spoken in the ancient region of Dacia. The Dacian language is
Dacian_language
Legendary leader of the Paionians in the Trojan War
of the Paeonians in the Trojan War. Pyraechmes came from the city of Amydon. Although Homer mentions Pyraechmes as the leader of the Paeonians early on
Pyraechmes
Reconstructed proto-language
reconstructed proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have
Proto-Balto-Slavic_language
Protolanguage of the Indo-Aryan language family
Proto-Indic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Aryan languages. It is intended to reconstruct the language of the Indo-Aryans, who had migrated
Proto-Indo-Aryan_language
Subfield of linguistics
Indogermanistik) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the Indo-European languages and related cultural history through historical linguistics, comparative
Indo-European_studies
Ancestor of Latin and other Italic languages
The Proto-Italic language is the ancestor of the Italic languages, most notably Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages. It is not directly attested
Proto-Italic_language
Hypothetical reconstruction of Illyrian
Thracians and Paeonians also occupied lands populated by Illyrians, bringing Illyrians into contact with the Thracian language and Paeonian language. Certainly
Proposed_Illyrian_vocabulary
Thracian tribe of modern northern Bulgaria and southern Romania
Daco-Getae the more likely." Duridanov, Ivan. "The Thracian, Dacian and Paeonian languages". Retrieved 2007-02-11. Giurescu, Constantin C. (1973). Formarea poporului
Getae
Common ancestor of all varieties of Greek
The Proto-Greek language, also known as Proto-Hellenic, is the Indo-European language which was the last common ancestor of all varieties of Greek, including
Proto-Greek_language
This article lists kings of Thrace and Dacia, and includes Thracian, Paeonian, Celtic, Dacian, Scythian, Persian or Ancient Greek rulers up to the point
List of kings of Thrace and Dacia
List_of_kings_of_Thrace_and_Dacia
Migrations of Indo-Aryans into the Indian subcontinent
peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages. These are the predominant languages of today's Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, North India
Indo-Aryan_migrations
Classical Greek term for pre-Greeks
together with the following tribes: Towards the sea lie the Carians and the Paeonians, with curved bows, and the Leleges and Caucones, and the goodly Pelasgi
Pelasgians
Extinct Indo-European language in Asia
Tocharian, was a Western member of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages, extinct from the ninth century. Once spoken in the Tarim Basin in Central
Tocharian_B
Paeonian city
Bylazora or Vilazora (Greek: Βιλαζόρα Macedonian: Вилазора) was a Paeonian city from the period of early classic antiquity. It is located near the village
Bylazora
parent language in Europe. Europe portal Language portal Lists of extinct languages List of endangered languages in Europe "Aequian - MultiTree". LINGUIST
List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe
List_of_extinct_languages_and_dialects_of_Europe
Extinct Celtic languages of Iberia
the Second Punic War). In particular, it includes: A northeastern inland language attested at a relatively late date in the extensive corpus of Celtiberian
Hispano-Celtic_languages
King of Paeonia, 359/8 – c. 335 BC
from 359/8 until his death around 335 BC. He succeeded the first known Paeonian king, Agis of Paeonia, under unknown circumstances, and it is speculated
Lyppeius
Reconstructed proto-language
this language family in the early 20th century contradicted the formerly prevalent idea of an east–west division of the Indo-European language family
Proto-Tocharian_language
Hypothetical subfamily of the Indo-European languages
that would be the ancestor of Hellenic, Armenian, and the Indo-Iranian languages, which spans Southern Europe, Armenian highlands and Southern Asian regions
Graeco-Aryan_languages
Ancestor of the Baltic languages
Common Baltic) is the unattested, reconstructed ancestral proto-language of all Baltic languages. It is not attested in writing, but has been partly reconstructed
Proto-Baltic_language
Reconstructed ancestor of the Albanian languages
reconstructed language of Albanian, before the Gheg–Tosk dialectal diversification (before c. 600 CE). Albanoid and other Paleo-Balkan languages had their
Proto-Albanian_language
the Paeonians' ethnic and linguistic kinship. Some such as Wilhelm Tomaschek and Paul Kretschmer claim that the language spoken by the Paeonians belonged
List of ancient Daco-Thracian peoples and tribes
List_of_ancient_Daco-Thracian_peoples_and_tribes
Ethnolinguistic groups in South Asia
(traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the pastoralists who spoke Indo-Iranian languages, migrated from Central Asia into
Indo-Aryan_peoples
the Trojan War, from the death of Hector to the fall of Troy. He is a Paeonian warrior, the son of Paeon and Cleomede and the companion of Asteropaios
Laophoon
settlements were Thracian and Dacian, but some were Celtic, Greek, Roman, Paeonian, or Persian. A number of cities in Thrace and Dacia were built on or close
List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
news that his general Parmenion had defeated the combined Illyrian and Paeonian armies and that his horses had won at the Olympic Games. It was also said
Alexander_the_Great
Reconstructed ancestor of the Anatolian languages
proto-language from which the ancient Anatolian languages emerged (i.e. Hittite and its closest relatives). As with almost all other proto-languages, no
Proto-Anatolian_language
Reconstructed ancestor language of Persian, Avestan, Kurdish, Pashto and others
reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family and thus the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Persian
Proto-Iranian_language
Archaeological site in North Macedonia, ancient town of Paeonia
town and seat of the Paeonian kings was Bylazora but later, the seat of the kings was moved to Stobi. Stobi developed from a Paeonian settlement established
Stobi
Group of peoples in northern Europe
peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians)
Balts
spoke Indo-European languages: Italic languages, Celtic, Ancient Greek, in addition to intermediate positions between these language groups. On the other
List of ancient peoples of Italy
List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy
Reconstructed ancestor of the Nuristani language family
Proto-Nuristani is the reconstructed proto-language of the Nuristani languages. Proto-Nuristani is descended from Proto-Indo-Iranian, which in turn is
Proto-Nuristani_language
Ancient Greek kingdom in the southern Balkans
inhabiting territories to the northeast, Illyrians to the northwest, and Paeonians to the north, while the lands of Thessaly to the south and Epirus to the
Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)
Migrations out of the Proto-Indo-European homeland
the derived Indo-European languages, which took place from around 4000 to 1000 BCE, explaining how these related languages came to be spoken across a
Indo-European_migrations
Country in Southeastern Europe
ancient kingdom of Macedonia. In early times, the chief town and seat of the Paeonian kings was Bylazora (in modern Sveti Nikole municipality in North Macedonia)
North_Macedonia
Historical group of Indo-European peoples
a group of speakers of Proto-Indo-European languages who brought the offshoot Proto-Indo-Iranian languages to parts of Eurasia in waves from the first
Indo-Iranians
Hypothetical branch of Indo-European
hypothetical language branch, which would include the languages spoken by the Phrygians and the Armenians, and would be a branch of the Indo-European language family
Armeno-Phrygian_languages
Theory of Indo-European origin
identify the Proto-Indo-European homeland from which the Indo-European languages spread out throughout Europe and parts of Asia. It postulates that the
Steppe_theory
Indo-Aryan dialects spoken in Assam, India
different concerns and regions have been amalgamated. Deshi people speak this language and there are around 20 lakhs people. The Eastern Magadhi Prakrit gave
Goalpariya_dialects
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PAEONIAN LANGUAGE
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