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Toys based on optical effects
Optical toys form a group of devices with some entertainment value combined with a scientific, optical nature. Many of these were also known as "philosophical
Optical_toys
Physics tool
The kaleidophone is a "philosophical toy" that produces moving optical figures. The kaleidophone was invented by Charles Wheatstone, who published an
Kaleidophone
Pre-cinema animation device
Barrier-grid animation § Kinegram Diffractive optically variable image device (DOVIDs) The Horse in Motion Optical toys Phonotrope "Harper's Magazine". Harper's
Zoetrope
Optical illusion
motion perception in optical toys like the phenakistiscope and the zoetrope, praxinoscope, mutoscope, theatre optique (optical theater) and later in
Persistence_of_vision
First widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion
gallery) An exhibit of similar optical toys, including the zoetrope (Laura Hayes and John Howard Wileman Exhibit of Optical Toys in the NCSSM) Some pictures
Phenakistoscope
Parallel or angled mirrors reflecting each other
Kaleidoscope – Optical instrument to view patterns due to repeated reflection Mirror image – Reflected duplication of an object Optical cavity – Arrangement
Infinity_mirror
Form of visual entertainment
precursors of toy theatres, with movable scenes and paper figurines, popular in the 19th century. They can also be seen as predecessors to optical toys like Chinese
Raree_show
Optical instrument to view patterns due to repeated reflection
A kaleidoscope (/kəˈlaɪdəskoʊp/) is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces (or mirrors) tilted to each other at an angle, so that
Kaleidoscope
Optical toy featuring a spinning disk with pictures on each side
A thaumatrope is an optical toy that was introduced in 1825. When the strings attached to the small illustrated disk are twirled quickly between the fingers
Thaumatrope
Currugated picture with multiple images
Mecklenburg-Güstow of Denmark" (PDF). Robert Simon Fine Art. Oster, Gerald (1965). "Optical Art". Applied Optics. 4 (11): 1359–69. Bibcode:1965ApOpt...4.1359O. doi:10
Tabula_scalata
Optical device
as demonstrated by a light-ray diagram he constructed in 555 AD. In his optical treatise De Aspectibus, Al-Kindi (c. 801 – c. 873) wrote about pinhole
Camera_obscura
Trademark name of a line of special-format stereoscopes
Projector". ToyTales.ca. Coopee, Todd (February 24, 2020). "View-Master Show Beam Projector (1980)". Toy Tales. Scott, Sharon M. (2010). Toys and American
View-Master
Device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of separate images
containing image pairs, was popular first for 'virtual tourism' and then as a toy. In 2010, Hasbro started producing a stereoscope designed to hold an iPhone
Stereoscope
Magnifying device
with the other depth information in the image. Raree show Stereoscope Optical toys Rayok Permutt, Cyril (1976). Collecting Old Cameras. New York: DaCapo
Zograscope
This article is a list of toys, toy sets, and toy systems; the toys included are widely popular (either currently or historically) and provide illustrative
List_of_toys
Animation device
"Phenakistoscopes (1833)". The Public Domain Review. Retrieved 2025-12-17. "Optical Toys". Museum of the Moving Image. Retrieved 2025-12-17. Mannoni 1995 Laurent
Praxinoscope
Type of optical toy box
known by the French terms feux pyriques or feux arabesques, is a type of optical toy box that displays pictures with twinkling light effects. The pictures
Chinese_fireworks
Object used for fidgeting or stimming with the hands
perceive fidget toys, including fidget spinners, as effective tools for reducing anxiety and enhancing focus. The effectiveness of fidget toys in educational
Fidget_toy
19th century optical toy
The Polyorama Panoptique was an optical toy popular from the 1820s through to the 1850s. It was invented by Pierre Seguin as development of the earlier
Polyorama_Panoptique
Optical distortion used in art
image. It is used in painting, photography, sculpture and installation art, toys, and film special effects. The word is derived from the Greek prefix ἀνα-
Anamorphosis
aeronautics, hydraulics and pyrotechnics". Some bills do not even mention any optical effects. However, an 1812 newspaper about a London performance indicates
Dissolving_views
Device demonstrating an optical illusion
doi:10.1167/7.6.10. ISSN 1534-7362. PMID 17685793. "Visual Media / Optical Toys - The Choreutoscope". users.telenet.be. Archived from the original on
Anorthoscope
Fabric toy with a soft filling
animals, plush toys, plushies, stuffies and teddies; in Britain and Australia, they may also be called soft toys or cuddly toys. Stuffed toys are made in
Stuffed_toy
German artist and copperplate engraver
The Age of Enlightenment sparked a great interest in science, so that optical toys and devices became a standard form of drawing-room entertainment in the
Balthasar_Friedrich_Leizelt
Optical toy
in 1970 and granted in 1972. The lens at the end of the tube is not an optical requirement, but protects the internals of the teleidoscope. A spherical
Teleidoscope
Methods and tools preceding true cinematographic technology
about the problem. "Optical toys: Early Visual Media - Pre-cinema - Optical toys - Animation - Plateau - Zootrope - Philosophical toys". Archived from the
Precursors_of_film
Optical toy
Optical toy
Flip_book
Entertaining object primarily used by children
and plastic, are used to make toys. Newer forms of toys include interactive digital entertainment and smart toys. Some toys are produced primarily as collector's
Toy
Toys created by artists as collectibles
Art toys, also called designer toys, are toys and collectibles created by artists and designers that are either self-produced or made by small, independent
Art_toy
Record-playing toy
The Show 'n Tell was also sold as the Show 'n Tell Phono-Viewer by CBS Toys, in the early 1980s, under the brand name "Child Guidance." These devices
Show'N_Tell
related to Optical illusion. Optical Illusion Examples by Great Optical Illusions Optical Illusions & Visual Phenomena by Michael Bach Optical Illusions
List_of_optical_illusions
Type of toy designed for animals to chew
There are several types of chew toys made from different materials, including rawhide, wood, paper, and mineral. Chew toys are commonly associated with dogs
Chew_toy
Exhibit of an all-encompassing panorama of a famous location
public could view scenes of distant lands and exotic subjects through optical devices that magnified the pictures. It was later converted into an exhibition
Cosmorama
Toy that is specifically for dogs to play with
Toys specifically marketed for dogs to play with come in many varieties, including dog bones, puppy toys, balls, tug toys, training aids, squeaky toys
Dog_toy
Stereoscopic entertainment medium
The Kaiserpanorama (or Kaiser-Panorama) is a form of stereoscopic entertainment medium used chiefly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and is considered
Kaiserpanorama
Type of magic lantern slide
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Chromatrope
Doll with a large head on a spring
Hoffmann, Frederick J Augustyn, Jr, and Martin J Manning (2013). Dictionary of Toys and Games in American Popular Culture. Routledge. p. 22. ISBN 9781135418533
Bobblehead
Type of image projector
Since the late 19th century, smaller versions were also mass-produced as toys. The magic lantern was in wide use from the 18th century until the mid-20th
Magic_lantern
Entertainment of domestic cats
(with toys or other objects) or social (with animals and people). They can play with a multitude of toys ranging from strings, to small furry toys resembling
Cat_play_and_toys
American engineer and animator
mechanical Pinscreen superficially shares characteristics with early optical toys like the zoetrope, it is distinguished by being one of the first devices
Claire_Parker
Novelty item typically placed on the desk of an office worker
major functions in office toys, there are still some differences between each types of office toys. For example, puzzle-type toys can also help inspire creativity
Office_toy
Japanese style of art toy
They are differentiated from other PVC toys by the culture surrounding them – as opposed to mass-produced toys, sofubi figures are often made by individual
Sofubi
Instrument used to study object movement
σκοπεῖν - skopein, meaning "to look at". Besides the popular success of optical toys as methods for producing moving pictures (see also: zoetrope and flip
Stroboscope
Noise-making toy for humans or animals
Planet are squeaky toys; they appear in all four films, and rescue the other toys from an incinerator in Toy Story 3. Another squeaky toy character is Wheezy
Squeaky_toy
Charity event
through toys to wrap and sort for age appropriateness. Appeals are made in shopping centers, schools, and other places for the public to purchase toys and
Toy_drive
Toys Tinkertoy Top Toy block Trompo Unit block Whittle Shortline Wood car racing Wooden toy train Yo-yo – some yo-yos are made using wood Wooden toys
List_of_wooden_toys
Type of shop
Lego toys Build-A-Bear Workshop, company specializing in make-your-own stuffed animals Learning Express Toys, franchise of specialty toys Smyths Toys Superstores
Toy_store
Imitation weapons made for playing
Toy guns are toys which imitate real guns, but are designed for recreational sport or casual play by children. From hand-carved wooden replicas to factory-produced
Toy_gun
Mechanical toy
performances. Around 1954, a toy using the same concept named Musical Chimp was produced by the Japanese company Alps. A variety of toys using the same concept
Cymbal-banging_monkey_toy
History of animation before the emergence of celluloid film
viewed by one or a few persons at a time. They were largely considered optical toys at the time. Many of these devices are still built by and for film students
Early_history_of_animation
1907 fragment of animated film speculated to be the oldest work of animation in Japan
for optical toys such as the zoetrope predate projected film animation. German toy manufacturer Gebrüder Bing presented a cinematograph at a toy festival
Katsudō_Shashin
Toy museum in Mechelen, Belgium
toys Creative and educational toys Stuffed toys Mechanical and iron toys Optical and sound-making toys Puppets Puzzles and board games Soldiers Toys around
Mechelen_Toy_Museum
Museum in Italy
Stereoscope and early cameras, Anaglyph image, a Camera obscura, and optical toys such as the Zoetrope, Praxinoscope and Phenakistoscope that relate to
Museum_of_Precinema
Hall of Fame in Rochester, New York
The National Toy Hall of Fame is a U.S. hall of fame that recognizes the contributions of toys and games that have sustained their popularity for many
National_Toy_Hall_of_Fame
persistence of vision, a suggested explanation for motion perception in optical toys like the phenakistiscope and the zoetrope, and later in cinema. Specific
1858_in_animation
Toy Museum in Nuremberg
of the most well known toy museums in the world, depicting the cultural history of toys from antiquity to the present. The toy museum's building, located
Nuremberg_Toy_Museum
Light-conducting fiber
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other. Such fibers are widely used
Optical_fiber
Set of freeware system utilities for Windows
2010. Ford, Sara. "Power Toys WebLog". Microsoft Developer Network. Retrieved January 7, 2010. "Visual Studio Power Toys are Back". June 25, 2008. Archived
Microsoft_PowerToys
Tower-based signaling network
An optical telegraph is a line of stations, typically towers, for the purpose of conveying textual information by means of visual signals (a form of optical
Optical_telegraph
English photographer (1830–1904)
tale of Lovecraftian horror, "Hand of Glory". Since 1991, the company Optical Toys has published Muybridge sequences in the form of movie flip books. In
Eadweard_Muybridge
Toy powered by mechanical energy
Mechanical toys are toys powered by mechanical energy. Depending on the mechanism used they can perform a range of motions, from simple to very complex
Mechanical_toy
September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017. "Speelgoedmuseum Deventer - Optical toys". speelgoedmuseumdeventer.nl. Archived from the original on 16 January
List of lantern slide collections
List_of_lantern_slide_collections
Plaything intended to stimulate learning
Educational toys (sometimes also called "instructive toys") are objects of play, generally designed for children. Educational toys help with motivation
Educational_toy
skill toys are played alone, although some can be played with multiple people (such as footbag, juggling, and jump rope). Common examples of skill toys include:
List_of_skill_toys
Former Museum
museum included Tricking the Eye, Shadow puppets, Early optical device, The Phantasmagoria, Optical toys, Photography, Magic lanterns, Projection, Persistence
Museum of the Moving Image, London
Museum_of_the_Moving_Image,_London
Sand coated with a hydrophobic compound
seventy schools closed for testing and possible decontamination. List of toys Modelling clay "How to make Magic Sand". The Geek Pub. Retrieved 3 September
Hydrophobic_sand
Company that fabricates parts used in another company's products
was also a consequence of the gradual obsolescence and phasing out of optical media from 2010 onward. System builders also have a different requirement
Original equipment manufacturer
Original_equipment_manufacturer
British toy collector and YouTuber (born 1942)
a British YouTube personality and renowned toy collector, known for presenting videos about toys, optical illusions, novelties and puzzles on the YouTube
Tim_Rowett
Practice of ensuring that toys meet safety standards
commercial toys must be able to pass safety tests in order to be sold. In the U.S., some toys must meet national standards, while other toys may not have
Toy_safety
Annual trade show for the toy industry in New York City, USA
preview toys and games across 445,817 net square feet of exhibit space. Nearly 1,000 members of the press attended to report on the top toy trends. Overall
North American International Toy Fair
North_American_International_Toy_Fair
American dancer and artist
her influences medical drawings, historical wax models and dolls, and optical toys; flip dolls and paper dolls; the structural aspects of Japanese jointed
Lisa_Bufano
American trade association
arm, The Toy Foundation. The trade association administers the TOTY (Toy of the Year) Awards program, recognizing the best of the best in toys, games and
Toy_Association
Set of pieces for model building
sets are most often marketed as toys. Popular construction toy brands include Lincoln Logs and LEGO. Construction toy play is beneficial for building
Construction_set
Specific date unknown: In his 1867 account about the origin of the optical toy thaumatrope, the French artist Antoine Claudet stated that he had heard
1867_in_animation
UK professional body
one of houses (no 41) accommodated a business selling telescopes and optical 'toys' in the 1820s. The college is also the registered office of the European
College_of_Optometrists
Girls' toys and games, as opposed to boys' toys and games, are toys and games specifically targeted at girls by the toy industry. They may be traditionally
Girls'_toys_and_games
American artist and author
illustrations and cartoons included anthropomorphized animals, food, and early optical toys. In 1900, at the age of 32, Lutz attended the Académie Julian in Paris
Edwin_George_Lutz
Simple, inexpensive film camera
cameras are fully functional and capable of taking photographs, though with optical aberrations due to the limitations of their simple lenses. From the 1960s
Toy_camera
Promotion of toys through media
Toy advertising is the promotion of toys through a variety of media. Advertising campaigns for toys have been criticized for trading on children's naïvety
Toy_advertising
Japanese toy company
to design and produce their own toys such as celluloid dolls and tin toys. In 1953, they released the elaborate tin toy "1951 Cadillac ". It was a huge
Marusan_Shōten
Boys' toys and games, as opposed to girls' toys and games, are a subset of toys and games that are designed to appeal to male children. Research suggests
Boys'_toys_and_games
English writer and artist
Dimensions", an authoritative research on the pre-cinema technologies of optical toys and chronophotography. After Cambridge, Cook worked for the publishers
Olive_Cook
American physicist and inventor (1868–1955)
achievement or invention in the field of optics. Flash-telescope Optical Method Optical Toy Wood, R.W. (1891). "Effects of Pressure on Ice" (PDF). American
Robert_W._Wood
British film historian (1920-2008)
school. It was during this time that they began collecting Victorian optical toys and associated literature. This was the beginning of a journey that culminated
John_Barnes_(film_historian)
Plastic toy soldiers
Dinky Toys. The most well-known toy product which gave rise to the toy type of "army men" was the set of figures sold by the company Tim Mee Toys, which
Army_men
Physical structure guiding light waves
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical waveguides include optical
Waveguide_(optics)
American photographer and creator of children's books
of Water: A Book of Science and Wonder (1997). His book Walter Wick's Optical Tricks was named one of the year's "best illustrated books" by The New
Walter_Wick
List of human-made polymers
polyethylene LDPE Chemically inert, flexible, insulator Squeeze bottles, toys, flexible pipes, insulation cover (electric wires), six-pack rings, etc.
List_of_synthetic_polymers
German film director
Nekes collected everything related to the production of film, such as optical toys, laterna magica, thaumatropes, praxinoscopes, zoetropes, wax museums
Werner_Nekes
Lens with a variable focal length
opposed to a fixed-focal-length (FFL) lens (prime lens). A true zoom lens or optical zoom lens is a type of parfocal lens, one that maintains focus when its
Zoom_lens
Building in Shelburne, Vermont
created playthings. Toys of earlier eras offer important clues to the lives of their makers and owners. Shelburne Museum’s collection of toys, which includes
The_Toy_Shop
Digital optical disc data storage format
DVD (Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released
DVD
Design Number 5074" for his Pedemascope. This was a variation of the optical toy thaumatrope. It had a card with pictures "painted in two different positions
1869_in_animation
Process to photograph fluid flow
Schlieren photography is a process for photographing optical inhomogeneities in transparent media that are not necessarily visible to the human eye, typically
Schlieren_photography
Interactive game that employs electronics
games such as Rubik's Revolution or electronic toys which blur the boundaries between games and toys such as the Electronic Magic 8 Ball Date Ball or
Electronic_game
1977 Canadian short animated fantasy film
another", has been a trope of animation since 19th century "pre-cinema optical toys" characterized by "cycled graphic image sequences of squashed and stretched
The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa
The_Metamorphosis_of_Mr._Samsa
Device that converts images into electronic signals
digital types, which include digital cameras, camera modules, camera phones, optical mouse devices, medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment such as
Image_sensor
American science fiction television series (1984–1985)
36-inch model of the Moon's surface) as the budget was insufficient for optical compositing. The TV series' single season was released on LaserDisc in
V_(1984_TV_series)
Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
Outdoors and sports equipment Personal protective equipment Toys Electrical and optical Electronics Components Circuit boards Semiconductors Computers
Cement
Manually-manipulated small figure
slumps and then collapses. Push puppets are usually intended as novelty toys, rather than as part of professional puppet theatre. A rod puppet is a puppet
Puppet
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OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
OPTICAL TOYS
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