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Regions of the central nervous system which correspond to different cognitive processes
A neural substrate is a term used in neuroscience and neuropsychology to indicate the part of the central nervous system (i.e., brain and spinal cord)
Neural_substrate
Representation in the mind of objects, activities or events, whether they existed or not
have found that imagery and perception share a number of the same neural substrates, or areas of the brain that function similarly during both imagery
Mental_image
Psychophysiological response to rewarding auditory or visual stimuli
Jacobsen T, Menninghaus W (August 2017). "The emotional power of poetry: neural circuitry, psychophysiology and compositional principles". Social Cognitive
Frisson
Deficiency or inability to maintain one or more major components of identity
development of self-identity, researchers investigating the neural basis of self have examined the neural systems involved in distinguishing one's own thoughts
Identity_disturbance
Topics referred to by the same term
language Neural substrate, in neuroscience, the set of brain structures that underlies a specific behavior or psychological state Substrate (blockchain
Substrate
Study of the neural mechanisms of emotion
plays a significant role in bodily emotions due to its connections to other neural structures that control automatic functions such as heart rate, breathing
Affective_neuroscience
Dutch neuroscientist
Koene organizes neural engineering efforts to obtain and replicate functional and structural information from the neural substrate for use in neuroprostheses
Randal_A._Koene
Study of biological and neural mechanisma in behaviour
neuroscience, with its primary focus being on the biological and neural substrates underlying human experiences and behaviors, as in our psychology.
Behavioral_neuroscience
Correlation of brain activity across two or more people over time
different people's neurocognitive systems, and it is thought to be the neural substrate for many forms of interpersonal dynamics and shared experiences. A
Neural_synchrony
Neuronal events sufficient for a specific conscious percept
architecture) Models of neural computation Multiple drafts model Münchhausen trilemma Neural coding Neural decoding Neural substrate Philosophy of mind Quantum
Neural correlates of consciousness
Neural_correlates_of_consciousness
Non-associative learning process
reflexes of animals such as Aplysia to better understand the underlying neural mechanisms. Research on sensitization includes a range of phenomena including
Sensitization
Portuguese neuroscientist (born 1944)
continued to investigate the neural basis of feelings and demonstrated that although the insular cortex is a major substrate for this process it is not
Antonio_Damasio
Cognitive functions linked to specific neural systems
cortical and subcortical regions, neural pathways, and large-scale networks—such that disruption of those neural substrates produces characteristic patterns
Neurocognition
Aspect of learning procedure
Classical conditioning is a basic behavioral mechanism, and its neural substrates are now beginning to be understood. Though it is sometimes hard to
Classical_conditioning
Scientific study of the nervous system
of neuroethology and neuropsychology address the question of how neural substrates underlie specific animal and human behaviors. Neuroendocrinology and
Neuroscience
Basic emotion
Williams, S. C. R.; Gray, J. A.; David, A. S. (October 1997). "A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust". Nature. 389 (6650):
Disgust
and many other creatures, including octopuses, also possess these neural substrates." In 2024, more than 500 academics and scientists signed the New York
Animal_consciousness
Topics referred to by the same term
reversible manner Dissociation (neuropsychology), identification of the neural substrate of a particular brain function through various methods Dissociation
Dissociation
Multidisciplinary endeavour
new computational creativity approach known as the Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate (DSNS) could be used to generate original chess puzzles that were not
Computational_creativity
of neural real-estate available for each task. If two tasks share a neural network, there will be competition for the associated neural substrates, and
Bi-directional hypothesis of language and action
Bi-directional_hypothesis_of_language_and_action
Study of mental functions and behaviors
forms of brain damage, neuropsychologists infer the functions of affected neural systems. One of the first books with the word neuropsychology in the title
Psychology
Deep Learning". Schultz W, Dayan P, Montague PR (14 March 1997). "A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward". Science. 275 (5306): 1593–1599. doi:10.1126/science
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Psychological theory
efficiently. In an fMRI study, a mirror system has been proposed as common neural substrate that mediates the experience of basic emotions. Participants watched
Simulation_theory_of_empathy
Computer programming concept
S2CID 207771194. Schultz, W, Dayan, P & Montague, PR. (1997). "A neural substrate of prediction and reward". Science. 275 (5306): 1593–1599. CiteSeerX 10
Temporal_difference_learning
Class of jawless fish
E; St-Pierre, M; Auclair, F; Chang, S; Dubuc, R (2010). "A novel neural substrate for the transformation of olfactory inputs into motor output". PLOS
Lamprey
Scientific study of brain processes related to music
that imagery processes share a substantial neural substrate with related perceptual processes. Bilateral neural activity in the secondary auditory cortex
Neuroscience_of_music
Inability to comprehend or formulate language
stroke brain damage on the functionality of the patient can vary. Neural substrates of aphasia subtypes MRI is often used to predict or confirm the subtype
Aphasia
Space as subjectively experienced
between object and percept, the inquiry can concern itself with the neural substrate of visual space.[citation needed] Two major concepts dating back to
Visual_space
Inability to picture something in one's mind
connectivity between the frontoparietal and visual networks may provide the neural substrate for extreme variations in visual imagery. Some people with aphantasia
Aphantasia
Sense of self-movement, force, and body position
Ehrsson HH, Kito T, Sadato N, Passingham RE, Naito E (December 2005). "Neural substrate of body size: illusory feeling of shrinking of the waist". PLOS Biology
Proprioception
Neuroscience theory of human intelligence
consistently related to a certain neural substrate, or a neuro-g. The authors argue that previous studies examining the neural correlates of g have mostly used
Parieto-frontal integration theory
Parieto-frontal_integration_theory
neuropsychology Topics Neural substrate and Dissociation Brain regions Functional specialization Latelarization Left-brain interpreter Neural circuits Neuroplasticity
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Consequences of not getting enough sleep
total sleep deprivation (less consistent for partial), alongside changes in neural mechanisms like prefrontal and striatal activity. Similarly, sleep deprivation
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_on_cognitive_performance
Part of the neocortex
describe the part of the neocortex closely associated with the minimal neural substrate essential for conscious perception. The posterior cortical hot zone
Posterior_cortical_hot_zone
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
Richard S.; Soto, Rodolfo (2003). "Three forms of binding and their neural substrates: Alternatives to temporal synchrony". The Unity of Consciousness:
Working_memory
British-Canadian neuroscientist and neuropsychologist (born 1918)
lateralization of function in the human brain and has shown how the neural substrate of language in the cerebral hemispheres can vary in left-handed, right-handed
Brenda_Milner
Philosophy of mind where the mind resides beyond the brain and body
wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation." Neuroimage. 2017; 152: 425-436. Astolfi,
Extended_mind_thesis
muscles that correspond to the forelimbs and hindlimbs. There exist neural substrates that control bilateral limb coordination, particularly in the lumbar
Neural substrate of locomotor central pattern generators in mammals
Neural_substrate_of_locomotor_central_pattern_generators_in_mammals
Caudal part of the cingulate cortex of the brain
functions. Along with the precuneus, the PCC has been implicated as a neural substrate for human awareness in numerous studies of both the anesthetized and
Posterior_cingulate_cortex
Ability to identify objects
W., Benjamin M., Leonard C., Rothi L., Conway T.; et al. (2009). "Neural substrates of object identification: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence
Object recognition (cognitive science)
Object_recognition_(cognitive_science)
Psychological phenomenon
humans and other animals – specific PIT and general PIT – with unique neural substrates mediating each type. In relation to rewarding stimuli, specific PIT
Pavlovian-instrumental transfer
Pavlovian-instrumental_transfer
Positive emotional state
Kochiyama, Takanori; Sato, Wataru (20 November 2015). "The structural neural substrate of subjective happiness". Scientific Reports. 5 16891. Bibcode:2015NatSR
Happiness
Recognition and understanding of another person's pain
Empathy? A Critical Discussion of De Vignemont and Jacob's Theory of the Neural Substrate of Pain Empathy". Philosophy of Science. 81 (1): 154–160. doi:10.1086/674203
Pain_empathy
Theory regarding color vision in humans
These cone-opponent mechanisms were at one time thought to be the neural substrate for a psychological theory called Hering's Opponent Colors Theory,
Opponent_process
Study of the brain related to specific psychological processes and behaviors
groundwork for modern neuropsychology, and even artificial intelligence neural networks. Often universally recognized as the father of modern neuropsychology
Neuropsychology
Maintaining one's gaze on a single location
notable exception being in smooth pursuit, controlled by a different neural substrate that appears to have developed for hunting prey. The term "fixation"
Fixation_(visual)
Scientific field
that enabled researchers to make more links between behavior and its neural substrates. The connection between brain and behavior was first documented in
Cognitive_neuroscience
Process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles
neuropsychology Topics Neural substrate and Dissociation Brain regions Functional specialization Latelarization Left-brain interpreter Neural circuits Neuroplasticity
Problem_solving
Cognitive process of visually interpreting the human face
similar neural mechanisms across different subregions of the fusiform or whether the two domains literally share the same neural substrates. At least
Face_perception
American art historian
for the humanities and social sciences of new understandings of the neural substrate of responses to art and to images. This was followed by a series of
David_Freedberg
Interpretation of sensory information
qualities of the sensory input and perception. Sensory neuroscience studies the neural mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied
Perception
Anything that causes a sexual response
Kimura, Rui; Logothetis, Nikos K.; Noori, Hamid R. (July 30, 2019). "Neural substrates of sexual arousal are not sex dependent". Proceedings of the National
Sexual_stimulation
Medical condition
Yidan; Wu, Xiaoyan; Liu, Bingyi; Huang, Ruiwang; Wu, Huawang (2024). "Neural substrates of affective temperaments: An intersubject representational similarity
Hyperthymic_temperament
Region of a cerebral cortex
theorized that a neural circuit (the Papez circuit) including the hippocampal formation and the cingulate gyrus constitutes the neural substrate of emotional
Limbic_lobe
Field of study in neuroscience and psychology
wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation". NeuroImage. 152: 425–436. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage
Cognitive_development
Network or circuit of neurons
A neural circuit is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated. Multiple neural circuits interconnect
Neural_circuit
Danish neuroscientist
various functions in the brain with respect to the understanding of neural substrate and post-traumatic recovery of cognitive functions in general. Some
Jesper_Mogensen
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential
Memory
British-European professor of neuroscience
Society. Schultz, Wolfram; Dayan, Peter; Montague, P. Read (1997). "A neural substrate of prediction and reward". Science. 275: 1593–1599. doi:10.1126/science
Wolfram_Schultz
Brain's and mind's resilience to brain damage
approximations of underlying neural resources. Additional evidence indicates that qualitative differences in neural substrate may influence vulnerability
Cognitive_reserve
Mnemonic device for suicide warning signs
neuropsychology Topics Neural substrate and Dissociation Brain regions Functional specialization Latelarization Left-brain interpreter Neural circuits Neuroplasticity
IS_PATH_WARM?
Inability to feel pleasure
2014). "The motivation and pleasure dimension of negative symptoms: neural substrates and behavioral outputs". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 24 (5):
Anhedonia
simply listening to song. With the exception of female Canaries, the neural substrate for conspecific song preference is thought to reside outside the conventional
Conspecific_song_preference
Cognitive process
effects of regular physical activity on executive functions-the set of neural processes that define cognitive control. Considerable evidence shows that
Inhibitory_control
Speech production region in the dominant hemisphere of the hominid brain
body language and gestures. Consistent with this idea is that the neural substrate that regulated motor control in the common ancestor of apes and humans
Broca's_area
Cognitive processes necessary for control of behavior
further supports the view that executive functions rely on distributed neural networks rather than a single brain region. While the prefrontal cortex
Executive_functions
Researcher in computational neuroscience
of Neural Systems. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262541855. OCLC 952504127. Schultz, W.; Dayan, P.; Montague, P. R. (1997). "A Neural Substrate of Prediction
Peter_Dayan
Neuropsychology term
In neuropsychology, dissociation involves identifying the neural substrate of a particular brain function through identification of case studies, neuroimaging
Dissociation (neuropsychology)
Dissociation_(neuropsychology)
Organism's perception of its environment with all of its senses
neuropsychology Topics Neural substrate and Dissociation Brain regions Functional specialization Latelarization Left-brain interpreter Neural circuits Neuroplasticity
Sensorium
State of being awoken
alertness, desire, mobility, and reactivity. Arousal is mediated by several neural systems. Wakefulness is regulated by the ARAS, which is composed of projections
Arousal
American neuroscientist (1916–2007)
with Ralph W. Gerard. In the 1970s, Libet was involved in research into neural activity and sensation thresholds. His initial investigations involved determining
Benjamin_Libet
Neurobiologist
Contributions of active dendrites and structural plasticity to the neural substrate for learning and memory (Thesis). OCLC 51873663. Poirazi, Panayiota;
Panayiota_Poirazi
Reviews, 3: 71–100. Lamm, C., Batson, C.D., & Decety, J. (2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal
Empathic_concern
How humans use words to communicate
Acheson DJ, Hamidi M, Binder JR, Postle BR (June 2011). "A common neural substrate for language production and verbal working memory". Journal of Cognitive
Language processing in the brain
Language_processing_in_the_brain
Directed movement of body parts to accomplish an action
Wenderoth, N. (Feb 2010). "Shared neural resources between left and right interlimb coordination skills: the neural substrate of abstract motor representations"
Motor_coordination
Interdisciplinary theory
wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation". NeuroImage. 152: 425–436. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage
Embodied_cognition
Subdiscipline of neuroscience and systems biology
and systems biology that studies the structure and function of various neural circuits and systems that make up the central nervous system of an organism
Systems_neuroscience
Ability to understand or feel what another is feeling
S2CID 13290717. Lamm C, Batson CD, Decety J (January 2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal"
Empathy
Structure in nervous systems
A neural network, also called a neuronal network, is an interconnected population of neurons (typically containing multiple neural circuits). Biological
Neural_network_(biology)
Brain region
impairments in the dorsal medial-frontal cortex, may constitute a neural substrate for socio-cognitive deficits in autism, such as social orienting and
Anterior_cingulate_cortex
Self-awareness about thinking, higher-order thinking skills
research. Neuroimaging and lesion studies have identified distinct neural substrates for perceptual versus memory metacognition, with perceptual judgments
Metacognition
Event-related potential
metrics of cognitive function in decision-making processes. While the neural substrates of this ERP component still remain hazy, the reproducibility and ubiquity
P300_(neuroscience)
Type of neuron associated with empathy
S2CID 13988152. Lamm C, Batson CD, Decety J (January 2007). "The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal"
Mirror_neuron
Psychologic theory
wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation." Neuroimage. 2017; 152: 425-436. Astolfi,
Distributed_cognition
Focused attention on one's mental distress
activation of certain regions in the brain's default mode networks as neural substrates of rumination, but the number of brain-imaging studies on rumination
Rumination_(psychology)
Reddening of a person's face due to emotion
Christian; Gazzola, Valeria (17 July 2024). "The blushing brain: neural substrates of cheek temperature increase in response to self-observation". Proceedings
Blushing
Mental process in which one rehearses a given action
Decety, J. (1996). "Do imagined and executed actions share the same neural substrate?". Cognitive Brain Research. 3 (2): 87–93. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.211.8747
Motor_imagery
American surgeon, neuroscientist, and musician
of Sciences, 2013, pp. 1-4. Charles J. Limb and Allen R. Braun, “Neural Substrates of Spontaneous Musical Performance: An fMRI Study of Jazz Improvisation
Charles_Limb
Application of experimental method to psychological research
motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these. Experimental psychology emerged as a modern academic
Experimental_psychology
Region of the temporal lobe in mammalian brains
Papez circuit) including the hippocampal formation constitutes the neural substrate of emotional behavior, and Klüver and Bucy reported that, in monkeys
Hippocampal_formation
Origin and variation of colour vision across various lineages through geologic time
inhibition. Both excitation and inhibition would be features of a neural substrate during the formation of a second pigment. Overall, the advantage gained
Evolution_of_color_vision
Russian neuropsychologist (1902–1977)
written in 1947 in which "Luria formulated an original conception of the neural organization of speech and its disorders (aphasias) that differed significantly
Alexander_Luria
Capacity to mentally reconstruct personal events from the past
orientation, time perspective, and temporal self-continuity. While the neural substrates for mental time travel may be universal, the habitual deployment of
Mental_time_travel
Awareness of internal and external existence
all mammals and birds, and other creatures, ... have the necessary neural substrates of consciousness and the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors
Consciousness
Psychological concept
wavelength perform better: Inter-brain phase synchronization constitutes a neural substrate for social facilitation". Neuroimage, 2017; 15:425–436. Hu, Y.; et
Shared_intentionality
Process in which a first language is being acquired
2019-06-30. Retrieved 2016-05-01. Walker LC (1981). "The ontogeny of the neural substrate for language". Journal of Human Evolution. 10 (5): 429–441. Bibcode:1981JHumE
Language_acquisition
Austrian neuroscientist (1919–2015)
from the Washington Academy of Sciences, the Neural Network Leadership Award from the International Neural Network Society, and the Outstanding Contributions
Karl_H._Pribram
Open question in philosophy of how abstract minds interact with physical bodies
R.; Zhang F.; Aravanis A.M.; Deisseroth K.; de Lecea L. (2007). "Neural substrates of awakening probed with optogenetic control of hypocretin neurons"
Mind–body_problem
American neuropsychologist (1927–2021)
neuropsychology Topics Neural substrate and Dissociation Brain regions Functional specialization Latelarization Left-brain interpreter Neural circuits Neuroplasticity
Muriel_Lezak
Mental disorder that encompasses a range of similar conditions
that emerged were described as neurocognitive (identified mainly by neural substrate abnormalities), neurodevelopmental (identified mainly by early and
Spectrum_disorder
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Eye
Girl/Female
Indian, Malayalam
Happy
Boy/Male
Biblical
Treasurer of Nergal.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Unique and different from all
Male
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic form of Greek Nikolaos, NEACAL means "victor of the people."
Female
Turkish
Turkish name NURAY means "bright moon."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Without sound, Quiet, Silent
Girl/Female
English
The laurel tree or sweet bay tree symbolic of honor and victory.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
The light e.g. nurul islam, the light of islam
Boy/Male
Biblical
The great man; the hero.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lotus flower
Biblical
treasurer of Nergal
Boy/Male
Gaelic
People's victory.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Unique; Different from All
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Most Popular; Lotus; Born from Water
Girl/Female
Hindu
There is no ending. ne-no tal-ending, The forehead
Boy/Male
Hindu
New, Rainy, Handsome, Gratified
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Light.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Neil, NEAL means "champion."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Cloud, Given by water
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
To Shine; To Gladden
Girl/Female
Polish
Victory.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cloud
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French, German
Blond Ruler; A Blend of Aubrey and Ana; Rules with Elf-wisdom
Male
Scottish
Pet form of Scottish Gaelic Uilleam, WILKIE means "will-helmet."Â
Boy/Male
British, English
Wagon Builder
Boy/Male
Australian, Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Pride; Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
German Swedish
magnificent.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bindupriya | பீநà¯à®¤à¯à®ªà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Drop
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
NEURAL SUBSTRATE
a.
Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said or certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.
a.
Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child.
adv.
Toward the neural side; -- opposed to haemad.
a.
Relating to, or containing, more than one; designating two or more; as, a plural word.
a.
Resembling a wall; perpendicular or steep; as, a mural precipice.
a.
Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology.
a.
Springing from true sentiment; not artifical or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc.
a.
Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures by military services; as, the feudal system.
n.
Natural gifts, impulses, etc.
a.
Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy.
a.
Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture.
a.
Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music.
pl.
of Neuron
a.
Pertaining to natural or positive right.
a.
Of or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts called crura; as, the crural arteries; crural arch; crural canal; crural ring.
n.
A person or a nation that takes no part in a contest between others; one who is neutral.
a.
relating to the nerves or nervous system; taining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the neural, or cerebro-spinal, axis; -- opposed to hemal. As applied to vertebrates, neural is the same as dorsal; as applied to invertebrates it is usually the same as ventral. Cf. Hemal.
n.
The plural number; that form of a word which expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.
a.
Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; not artifical, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color.
a.
Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or feels; as, feudal rights or services; feudal tenures.