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Mammalian structure involved in higher-order brain functions
The neocortex, also called the neopallium, isocortex or six-layered cortex, is a set of layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex involved in higher-order
Neocortex
Neocortex Robotics, Inc., formerly Universal Robotics, Inc. and trading as Universal Logic, Inc., is an American artificial intelligence software company
Neocortex_AI
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up neocortex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The neocortex is a part of the mammalian brain. Neocortex may refer to: Doctor Neo Cortex, a video
Neocortex_(disambiguation)
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness. The six-layered neocortex makes up approximately 90% of the cortex, with the allocortex making up
Cerebral_cortex
British neuroscientist and psychologist
papers proposing computational theories of the cerebellum (in 1969), neocortex (in 1970), and hippocampus (in 1971). Each of those papers presented important
David_Marr_(scientist)
Model of evolutionary neurology proposed by Paul McLean
paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex), viewed each as independently conscious, and as structures sequentially
Triune_brain
Classification of disease severity
pars compacta. There is also mesocortex and allocortex involvement; the neocortex remains unaffected. In particular, pathology can be observed in the amygdala
Braak_staging
Type of cerebral cortex in the brain
together with the neocortex. In the human brain, the allocortex is the much smaller area of cortex taking up just 10%; the neocortex takes up the remaining
Allocortex
Brain and spinal cord
sulci – found in the neocortex of most placental mammals (eutherians). Within placental mammals, the size and complexity of the neocortex increased over time
Central_nervous_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cell Anterior olfactory nucleus layer of neocortex cerebellar cortex secondary oocyte multiform layer of neocortex More reference expression data BioGPS
Reticulon_4_receptor
Form of nervous system communication
the bioelectromagnetic crosstalk between neurons and astrocytes in the neocortex. The electrical conduction system of the heart has been robustly established
Ephaptic_coupling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
neural progenitor proliferation, and contributes to neocortex folding. It is capable of causing neocortex folding in mice. This likely reflects a role for
ARHGAP11B
of electrical activity in the brain, including the neocortex, but fish lack eyelids and a neocortex. Some species that always live in shoals or that swim
Sleep_in_fish
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics
Mammal
Overview of animal and human brain evolution
mind. The neocortex is an elaboration, or outgrowth, of structures in the limbic system, with which it is tightly integrated. The neocortex is the main
Evolution_of_the_brain
Biological theory of intelligence
neuroscience and the physiology and interaction of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex of the mammalian (in particular, human) brain. At the core of HTM are
Hierarchical_temporal_memory
Mammalian protein found in humans
of CB1 can also be detected in the olfactory bulb, cortical regions (neocortex, pyriform cortex), parts of basal ganglia, thalamic, hypothalamic, and
Cannabinoid_receptor_1
Deep learning model structure
neocortical layering depends on intra-layers homogeneity. Deep Learning Neocortex § Layers "CS231n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition"
Layer_(deep_learning)
Theory of brain function
book On Intelligence. This theory concerns the role of the mammalian neocortex and its associations with the hippocampi and the thalamus in matching
Memory-prediction_framework
Type of emotional response
amygdala or "emotional/irrational brain", while other parts are sent to the neocortex or "thinking/rational brain". If the amygdala perceives a match to the
Amygdala_hijack
Suggested cognitive limit important in sociology and anthropology
" Dunbar theorised that "this limit is a direct function of relative neocortex size, and that this, in turn, limits group size ... the limit imposed
Dunbar's_number
Atrophy of the brain's frontal and temporal lobes
neurites and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the superficial cerebral neocortex, (b) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in hippocampal dentate granule cells
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Frontotemporal_lobar_degeneration
Group of neurons in the cortex of the brain
physiology in 1957. He later identified minicolumns as the basic units of the neocortex which were arranged into columns. Each contains the same types of neurons
Cortical_column
Visual ability to perceive the world in 3D
medium-level visuospatial system processing functions concentrated within the neocortex to discern. Nonpictorial cues are those such as monocular accommodation
Depth_perception
cortex. Further subdivisions or areas of neocortex are responsible for more specific cognitive processes. The neocortex is the newest part of the cerebral cortex
Animal_consciousness
American businessperson
co-founded Numenta, where he leads a team in efforts to reverse-engineer the neocortex and enable machine intelligence technology based on brain theory. He is
Jeff_Hawkins
Neural tube defect involving absence of much of the brain, skull and scalp
the brain consisting mainly of the cerebral hemispheres, including the neocortex, which is responsible for cognition. The remaining structure is usually
Anencephaly
Structure in the brain
"[the minicolumn is] the most basic and consistent template by which the neocortex organizes its neurones, pathways, and intrinsic circuits". Cells in 50 μm
Cortical_minicolumn
American physician and neuroscientist
three brains in one: the reptilian complex, the limbic system, and the neocortex. Paul D. MacLean was born in Phelps, New York, the third of four sons
Paul_D._MacLean
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
mainly in the medial temporal lobe and plaques are present mainly in the neocortex, but as the disease progresses the lesions proliferate throughout much
Alzheimer's_disease
Cell that guides radial neuronal migration
They are originated in the developing brain in multiple sites within the neocortex and hippocampus. From there, Cajal–Retzius cells migrate through the marginal
Cajal–Retzius_cell
1977 book by Carl Sagan
include the evolution of the brain (with emphasis on the function of the neocortex in humans), the evolutionary purpose of sleep and dreams, demonstration
The_Dragons_of_Eden
Top of the head
and optimizes the crown's ability to ensure the neocortex is safe. Different parts of the neocortex, such as the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe,
Crown_(head)
AI's tendency to abruptly and drastically forget old info after learning new info
hippocampus and neocortex act as separable but complementary memory systems, with the hippocampus for short term memory storage and the neocortex for long term
Catastrophic_interference
Region within the telencephalon in the vertebrate brain
cortical laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies). In comparison, the neocortex has six layers and the archicortex has three or four layers. Because the
Paleocortex
Emergence of religious behavior discussed in terms of natural evolution
years ago. Much of the brain's expansion took place in the neocortex. The cerebral neocortex is presumed to be responsible for the neural computations
Evolutionary origin of religion
Evolutionary_origin_of_religion
Form of synaptic inhibition mediated by increased membrane conductance
Shunting inhibition is a form of synaptic inhibition in which activation of typically GABAA (or glycine) receptors increases a neuron’s membrane conductance
Shunting_inhibition
Part of the human brain
The posterior parietal cortex (the portion of parietal neocortex posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex) plays an important role in planned movements
Posterior_parietal_cortex
Neurodevelopmental disorder
serotonergic, glutamatergic, or cholinergic pathways. PET mapping of neocortex receptor distribution indicates that the distribution of μ-opioid receptors
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Phylogenetically oldest part of the cerebral cortex or pallium
layers of the hippocampus. It has fewer cortical layers than both the neocortex, which has six, and the paleocortex, which has either four or five. The
Archicortex
Region of the brain
The entorhinal area is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex and involved in memory, navigation and the perception of time. Destruction
Brodmann_area_34
Consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex
association tracts, projection tracts, and commissural tracts. In the neocortex, projection neurons are excitatory neurons that send axons to distant
Projection_fiber
American business leader
founded to develop machine intelligence based on the principles of the neocortex. Dubinsky was the board chair of Numenta from 2005 to 2024. Dubinsky is
Donna_Dubinsky
Group of neurons in the brain
neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and they have widespread projections to the neocortex and other brain structures. The nucleus basalis in humans is a somewhat
Nucleus_basalis
Area of three-layered cortex
referred to as mesocortex, or juxtallocortex, is interposed between the neocortex and the allocortex. The paralimbic cortex provides a gradual transition
Paralimbic_cortex
Type of cortex between the allocortex and neocortex
areas where any of the other two subtypes of allocortex borders with the neocortex (which is also called isocortex). Thus, the periallocortex is also subdivided
Periallocortex
Second-largest species of elephant
and females 2.7 t (3.0 short tons). It has a large and well developed neocortex of the brain, is highly intelligent and self-aware, being able to display
Asian_elephant
Central organ of the human nervous system
of grey matter. The cortex has an outer layer, the neocortex, and an inner allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex
Human_brain
Set of brain structures involved in emotion and motivation
whole of the hemispheres (made up of a more recent type of cortex, called neocortex) and some subcortical neuronal groups. It corresponds to the brain of
Limbic_system
Hormone that affects blood pressure / heart rate
produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas, neocortex, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain. VIP stimulates
Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide
Protein-coding gene in humans
Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle prosencephalon neocortex tendon brain zone of skin n/a More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
OR1C1
Subset of artificial intelligence
Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning
Machine_learning
Regulation of neurons by neurotransmitters
coeruleus Adrenergic receptors in: spinal cord thalamus hypothalamus striatum neocortex cingulate gyrus cingulum hippocampus amygdala arousal (Arousal is a physiological
Neuromodulation
American computational psychologist
"Why there are complementary learning systems in the Hippocampus and Neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning
Randall_C._O'Reilly
Protein-coding gene in humans
for the development and maintenance of neural progenitor cells in the neocortex. Biallelic variants in NEPRO can cause a very rare ribosomopathy known
Nucleolus and neural progenitor protein
Nucleolus_and_neural_progenitor_protein
Proposed model on executive functioning of attentional control
3D animated representation of the left hemisphere of the brain, with the right neocortex removed. Highlighted area represents the left frontal lobe.
Supervisory attentional system
Supervisory_attentional_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of thalamus layer of dentate gyrus enteric plexus molecular layer of neocortex lumbar subsegment of spinal cord superior frontal gyrus More reference
Repulsive_guidance_molecule_A
Pyramidal white matter motor pathway
These upper motor neurons originate in layer V pyramidal cells of the neocortex, and travel through the posterior limb of the internal capsule in the
Corticospinal_tract
Vertebrate brain region
direct neural projections to, and reciprocal indirect projections from the neocortex. The hippocampus, as the medial pallium, is a structure found in all vertebrates
Hippocampus
The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional, connective, and developmental regions are listed
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Animals in class Mammalia
mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding their young, a neocortex region of the brain, and fur or hair. Mammals are native to all major
List_of_mammals
End of an organism's life
view is that the neocortex of the brain is necessary for consciousness, and that therefore only electrical activity of the neocortex should be considered
Death
Electrophysiological method to record electrical activity of the brain
to represent the postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and allocortex. It is typically non-invasive, with the EEG electrodes
Electroencephalography
Neocortical posterior region of the insular cortex
structure in the human and macaque, the rat, and the mouse. Classified as neocortex, it is in primates distinguished from adjacent allocortex (periallocortex)
Granular_insular_cortex
Obsolete term for part of the thalamus
reciprocal connections with neocortex (isocortex), unlike neothalamic nuclei, which have manifold reciprocal connections to the neocortex. Today it is known that
Paleothalamus
Brain of birds
reptiles other than birds. Moreover, it is thought to be analogous to the neocortex in mammals, with an important role in higher cognition. No non-avialan
Avian_brain
Medical condition
widening of sulci. Lamination, neuronal size, and configuration of the neocortex are preserved. May show parietal occipital dominance. Severe cerebellar
Cockayne_syndrome
Loss of short-term memory
the neocortex, and it happened without the conscious knowledge of E.P. They hypothesized the information may be acquired directly by the neocortex (to
Anterograde_amnesia
Paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama
Jerison, Harry J. (2007). "What Fossils Tell Us about the Evolution of the Neocortex" (PDF). In Kaas, J. H. (ed.). Evolution of Nervous Systems, Vol. 3. Vol
Great_American_Interchange
than that of cetaceans. It is generally agreed that the growth of the neocortex, both absolutely and relative to the rest of the brain, during human evolution
Cetacean_intelligence
Mammalian protein found in humans
hypothalamus, CRH is produced by neurons in other brain regions, including the neocortex, limbic system and brainstem. In the olivocerebellar tract, CRH is expressed
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing_hormone
Area of the prefrontal cortex of primates
nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex (including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas). The dlPFC
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
transmitters and release them in vast areas of the brain and in the entire neocortex (for review, see Jones 2003; Lin et al. 2011). They included glutamatergic
Reticular_formation
Area of the temporal lobe of the brain
perception of time. The EC is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex. The EC-hippocampus system plays an important role in declarative
Entorhinal_cortex
2012 non-fiction book by Ray Kurzweil
introduces his Pattern Recognition Theory of Mind (PRTM). He says the neocortex contains 300 million very general pattern recognition circuits and argues
How_to_Create_a_Mind
Overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system
Brain Forebrain Telencephalon Rhinencephalon, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Neocortex, Lateral ventricles, Basal ganglia Diencephalon Epithalamus, Thalamus,
Outline of the human nervous system
Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
EEG waveform that occurs during sleep
the same time throughout the neocortex. It was determined that oscillations sweep in circular patterns around the neocortex, peaking in one area, and then
Sleep_spindle
Taxonomic clade
have their cortex in six different layers of neurons which is called neocortex, the cerebrum of Sauropsida has a completely different structure. For
Sauropsida
Stress and panic response centre
microenvironment around the neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels in the neocortex and hippocampus. It has been shown that norepinephrine stimulates mouse
Locus_coeruleus
Topics referred to by the same term
where the temperature changes rapidly with depth Layer, an area in the neocortex with specific structure and connection pattern among neurons Layer (object-oriented
Layer
Genus of mammals (fossil)
Harry J (December 2007). "What Fossils Tell Us about the Evolution of the Neocortex" (PDF). Evolution of Nervous Systems: 1–12. doi:10.1016/B0-12-370878-8/00065-3
Phenacodus
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
the number of neurons in the neocortex. There are about 3.6 times as many neurons in the cerebellum as in the neocortex, a ratio that is conserved across
Cerebellum
Large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex
is now believed that the avian pallium is homologous to the mammalian neocortex. Birds appear to have undergone an alternate process of encephalization
Cerebrum
German physician (born 1950)
years ago. In addition to researching ARHGAP11B, which is associated with neocortex expansion, Huttner also investigated the TKTL1 gene discovered by Johannes
Wieland_B._Huttner
Attempts by males to increase their attractiveness to a female
(reduced mutation frequency). This signal is perceived as honest because the neocortex structure is susceptible to mutations and genetic diseases; therefore
Peacocking
Impressions of sensory information
which serves as a source of signals encoding past experiences in the neocortex. SM is considered to be outside of cognitive control and is instead an
Sensory_memory
Brain pathway
e Neurotransmitter systems Acetylcholine Nucleus basalis of Meynert → Neocortex Septal nuclei (Medial septal nucleus) → Fornix → Hippocampus Striatum
Mesolimbic_pathway
Relative brain size measure
normalization, only ABS and neocortex size showed significant correlation to cognitive abilities. In primates, ABS, neocortex size, and Nc (the number of
Encephalization_quotient
Models used in Parkinson's disease research
reaching the mesocortex and the thalamus; and, ultimately covering the neocortex. Braak staging is a widely used method to measure the stage of pathology
Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Animal_models_of_Parkinson's_disease
Protein-coding gene in Homo sapiens
differentiation, axon guidance, and regulation of neurons in the developing neocortex. Tbr1, along with Pax6 and Tbr2, has a role in glutamatergic projection
TBR1
Preserved brain of the scientist
the hippocampus and another part of the brain called the neocortex than his right. The neocortex is where detailed, logical, analytical and innovative thinking
Brain_of_Albert_Einstein
IRobot ISEE Knightscope Mantis Robotics Meka Robotics Neato Robotics Neocortex AI Nuro Omron Adept Open Robotics Palladyne AI Perrone Robotics Physical
List_of_robotics_companies
American psychologist
of episodic memory, but that semantic memory can be established in the neocortex. Nadel received a Ph.D. from McGill University in 1967, and joined the
Lynn_Nadel
One of two subtypes of cortical areas
is one of two subtypes of cortical areas in the areas belonging to the neocortex. The other subtype is termed the true isocortex. Proisocortical areas
Proisocortex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
mucosa of ileum prefrontal cortex Top expressed in multiform layer of neocortex superior frontal gyrus olfactory bulb pretectal area Rostral migratory
SYT6
Extinct genus of Artiodactyls
that it was a herbivorous browser. D. ilicis possessed a very simple neocortex, characterised by an almond-shaped gyrus instead of parallel sulci as
Diacodexis
Groove in the brain's temporal lobe
separates the parahippocampal uncus from the rest of the temporal lobe in the neocortex. The rhinal sulcus and the hippocampal sulcus were both present in early
Rhinal_sulcus
Tarec Fares and Armen Stepanyants: Cooperative synapse formation in the neocortex, PNAS September 22, 2009 vol. 106 no. 38 Moritz Deger, Moritz Helias,
Cooperative_synapse_formation
Type of dendrite found at the apex of cortical pyramidal cell pathways
cubic micrometres. Pyramidal cells are the majority class of cells in the neocortex. They have high density of dendritic spines, prominent apical dendrites
Apical_dendrite
Language used to describe the human body
paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex) — was formerly popular during the 1960s, though is now regarded as a
Medical_terminology
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