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Knowledge of multiple languages
Multi-competence is a concept in second language acquisition formulated by Vivian Cook that refers to the knowledge of more than one language in one person's
Multi-competence
Use of multiple languages
Review. 16 (4): 705–710. doi:10.3758/PBR.16.4.705. PMID 19648456. "Multi-competence definition". viviancook.uk. Archived from the original on 22 October
Multilingualism
British linguist (1940–2021)
programs. In the early 1990s he proposed the multi-competence approach to second-language acquisition. Multi-competence is "the knowledge of two languages in
Vivian_Cook_(linguist)
Aspect of European Union law
Distribution of competences in the European Union is the system by which powers and responsibilities are allocated between the European Union (EU) and
Competences of the European Union
Competences_of_the_European_Union
Hypothesis that younger people are better at language acquisition
variation in second-language acquisition Language deprivation experiments Multi-competence Multilingualism The Myth of the First Three Years Abutalebi, Jubin;
Critical_period_hypothesis
Unintended deviation from the rules of a language variety
from the adult grammar of a native speaker, reflecting the interlanguage competence of the learner." He cites an example, Does John can sing?, where a preceding
Error_(linguistics)
British linguist of Manchu-Chinese parentage
which won the 2015 BAAL Book Prize, Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Multi-competence (2015, with Vivian Cook) which was runner up for the 2016 BAAL Book
Li_Wei_(linguist)
Structured form of play
play's effectiveness in communicative, narrative, and representational competence. In adults, games serve a range of psychological functions. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Game
Influence one language has on the acquisition or intelligibility of another
learning misconceptions Loanword Macaronic language Mixed language Multi-competence Native-language identification Phono-semantic matching Ponglish Second
Language_transfer
Ability of cells to take up extracellular DNA
transformation. Competence can be differentiated between natural competence and induced or artificial competence. Natural competence is a genetically
Natural_competence
Process of learning a second language
second language on the first led Vivian Cook to propose the idea of multi-competence, which sees the different languages a person speaks not as separate
Second-language_acquisition
legislative competence to the Union are as follows. Every area not mentioned remains with member states. In EU terminology, the term 'competence' means 'authority
Member state of the European Union
Member_state_of_the_European_Union
Language skill phenomenon
continuum, an illustration that shows the possible relationships in "multi-competence" (Cook 2003: 9). The L1 can be enhanced by the use of an L2 - Cook
Second-language_attrition
Language assessment rubric
divides general competences in knowledge, skills, and existential competence with particular communicative competences in linguistic competence, sociolinguistic
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages
Multi-divisional form (also known as M-form or MDF) refers to an organizational structure by which the firm is separated into several semi-autonomous
Multi-divisional_form
Vertical and horizontal spread of power
time, applied, disputed and enforced. Multi-level governance within the EU is understood as respecting competences, sharing responsibilities and cooperating
Multi-level_governance
Austrian logistics company
and South Europe as well as competence center for Software and Controls TGW Robotics, Stephanskirchen, Germany – Competence center for robotics and automation
TGW_Logistics_Group
Content using a combination of forms
improving thought patterns, multimedia develops students' communicative competence by improving their capacity to understand the language. One of the studies
Multimedia
Principle of governance of the European Union
conferral, ensuring that the European Union is a union of member states and competences are voluntarily conferred by Member States. The conferral principle also
Subsidiarity_(European_Union)
Type of climbing
Multi-pitch climbing is a type of climbing that typically takes place on climbing routes that are more than a single rope length – approximately 50 to
Multi-pitch_climbing
Multinational political union with a central authority
categories. In the 19th century US, it had exclusive competencies only. Competences not explicitly listed belong to lower levels of governance. In a supranational
Supranational_union
Scholarly society based in Colchester, UK
Education Phonology Writing Learners Multilingualism Heritage language Multi-competence Learner language Contrastive analysis Contrastive rhetoric Error (linguistics)
European Second Language Association
European_Second_Language_Association
Ability to switch between languages
Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy D. (2013). "Neither "Mono" nor "Multi": Plurilingualism and Hybrid Competence". TESOL Quarterly. 47 (3): 614–619. doi:10.1002/tesq
Plurilingualism
Supranational political and economic union
are used within the same category of competence, and even with the same policy area. The distribution of competences in various policy areas between member
European_Union
Identification for a good or service
cheerful), excitement (daring, spirited, imaginative, and up to date), competence (reliable, intelligent, and successful), sophistication (glamorous, upper
Brand
certain level of professional competence in the management and administration of multi-unit residential housing. "Minnesota Multi-Housing Association - Company
Certified_resident_manager
Political party in the United Kingdom
Appraisal, Sentiment and Emotion Analysis in Political Discourse: A Multimodal, Multi-method Approach. Taylor & Francis. p. 1997. ISBN 9781000989687. Cole, Alistair;
Reform_UK
a business out of selling video games for girls. Taking notice of the competence Chris shows on the video games for girls software company, Sally makes
List_of_Traders_episodes
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
accused regardless of religion", the creation of a system of "separate competences, religious and civil", and the validation of testimony on non-Muslims
Ottoman_Empire
Hypotheses of second-language acquisition
linguistic competence, and language output is not seen as having any effect on learners' ability. Furthermore, Krashen claimed that linguistic competence is only
Input_hypothesis
Overview of trade agreements in the European Union
member states, as the member states have granted the EU has an "exclusive competence" to conclude trade agreements. Even so, member states' governments control
Trade agreements of the European Union
Trade_agreements_of_the_European_Union
Visual analogy for political or ideological positions
Science Education: 4–2010: Social Science Literacy I: In Search for Basic Competences and Basic Concepts for Testing and Diagnosing. doi:10.4119/jsse-541.
Political_spectrum
Government agency of Croatia
System, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Tourism. After a multi-year hiatus, the same law, but with more recent amendments (NN 116/18),
State_Inspectorate_(Croatia)
Country in northwestern Europe
enact primary legislation on all matters, save those in relation to which competence is explicitly denied ... but this power to legislate on what may be termed
United_Kingdom
Murderer of multiple people
bringing in consultants, they can educate a department to a level of competence then step out. This would reduce the initially established framework of
Serial_killer
Colombian singer (born 1977)
Shakira on several of her tours, spoke on her instrument playing and competence: She can play the guitar just fine. She plays both acoustic and electric
Shakira
Large language model by Meta AI
will be invaluable as she feeds the dragons. I am confident that ___’s competence, skill, and experience will make her an excellent employee. Please contact
Llama_(language_model)
Existence of multiple, distinct cultures within a single country
Cross-cultural Cross-cultural communication Cultural assimilation Cultural competence Cultural conflict Cultural homogenization Diversity (politics) Ethnic
Multiculturalism
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
"subject of the federation". The regions of Russia have reserved areas of competence, but regions do not have sovereignty, do not have the status of a sovereign
Russia
Constitutions of the communist world
single term identical to the electoral term of the SSOP. The commission's competence was initially limited to a posteriori review of enacted statutes, but
Communist_state_constitution
Mathematical theory of majority voting
54505 {\displaystyle P(3,0.55,0.4)=0.54505} . The competence of the jury is lower than the competence of a single juror, which equals to 0.55 {\displaystyle
Jury_theorem
2026 South Korean television series
into the center of a massive conspiracy. Despite their lack of superhero competence and personal struggles—including Kyung-hoon's painful attempts to reconcile
The_Wonderfools
American actress (born 1988)
her performance, Time magazine wrote, "Song is a force of high-energy competence as Isla's (Kate Hudson) right-hand woman, though some independent storylines
Brenda_Song
Inspiration for the Dunning–Kruger effect
program to determine whether someone's perceived competence could be measured against their actual competence. They authored the 1999 paper "Unskilled and
1995 Greater Pittsburgh bank robberies
1995_Greater_Pittsburgh_bank_robberies
FX/Hulu series, started 2022
'taste' of the authentic sacred dishes is, therefore, a sign of cultural competence—of becoming fully integrated as an authentic group member." The known
Characters of The Bear (TV series)
Characters_of_The_Bear_(TV_series)
Ongoing political crisis in the UK
do not have confidence that the government is running the country with competence or integrity, Ipsos poll reveals". Ipsos. Retrieved 21 February 2026.
2026 Labour Party leadership crisis
2026_Labour_Party_leadership_crisis
German state election
representation using the d'Hondt method. 41 seats are distributed in three multi-member constituencies, and the remaining ten at the state level. An electoral
2022_Saarland_state_election
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
by a wide margin. Unlike artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), whose competence is confined to well‑defined tasks, an AGI system can generalise knowledge
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
Bilateral relations
specific sensitivities of the CAN. In 2009, the rounds of negotiations for multi-party agreements began. A total of 9 rounds were held in three different
Colombia–European Union relations
Colombia–European_Union_relations
Mutual affection between people
1985). "Friendship and its Implications for Mental Health or Social Competence". The Journal of Early Adolescence. 5 (3): 383–91. doi:10.1177/0272431685053010
Friendship
effectiveness of global corporations is highly influenced by the cross-cultural competence. A more culturally diversified workforce creates a large variety of capabilities
Cultural_synergy
Military training aircraft
nomenclature 'Mission Design Series' (MDS) in Technical Publications (PTT) of competence of Daa] (PDF) (in Italian). IT: Ministero Della Defesa. June 2011. Tom
Alenia_Aermacchi_M-346_Master
testing ISO 4094:2017 Paper, board and pulps — General requirements for the competence of laboratories authorized for the issue of optical reference transfer
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
Bundesgrenzschutz ("Federal Border Protection"), but after expanded competences (e.g. for the railways) in the 1990s and the abolition of border controls
Law_enforcement_by_country
Means used to determine if a criminal defendant is competent to stand trial
In further rulings, competence was also enlarged to include evaluation of the defendant's competence to plead guilty and competence to waive the right
Competency_evaluation_(law)
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
TeleTrusT exist in Germany since June 1986, which is an international competence network for IT security. To protect national network and system security
Computer_security
ISBN 978-0-8132-0102-3. note 2. Geography is one area where Theodoret feels he has some competence. as we have seen. Perhaps he could have adverted to passages like Deut
Timeline of the name Palestine
Timeline_of_the_name_Palestine
Test required to practice law in a specific jurisdiction
foreign university graduates are required to pass this exam to prove competence in Singaporean law. Part A of the Bar Examinations are administered by
Bar_examination
President of France since 2017
"Le premier ministre Philippe prépare " un gouvernement rassembleur de compétences "". Le Monde. 15 May 2017. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017
Emmanuel_Macron
Cohort born from 1997 to 2012
Cristina; Mayor-Ruiz, Cristina (2017). "Digital Reading and Reading Competence – The influence in the Z Generation from the Dominican Republic". Comunicar
Generation_Z
Argentine revolutionary (1928–1967)
became an integral part of the rebel army and "convinced Castro with competence, diplomacy and patience". Guevara set up factories to make grenades, built
Che_Guevara
that the flaws in the fabrication reflect poorly on the opposition's competence. The party stopped short of detailing the specific red flags in its public
2026 Antiguan general election
2026_Antiguan_general_election
frequently takes on dangerous missions befitting his versatility and competence. Equipped with a photon rifle, a flamethrower, a full-spectrum beacon
List of The Transformers characters
List_of_The_Transformers_characters
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
conditions employed. Further studies suggested that the development of competence for natural genetic transformation may be substantially higher under appropriate
Staphylococcus_aureus
DOGE's activities, with little oversight over its employees' operational competence, "create conditions that are ideal for cybersecurity or data privacy incidents
Response to the Department of Government Efficiency
Response_to_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency
taken in 1989 in the era of single-slice spiral CT. The introduction of multi-slice spiral computed tomography in 1998 and its continuous development
History of radiation protection
History_of_radiation_protection
are federalised into common institutions capable of making law; the competences to control foreign policy, defence policy, or the majority of direct
Politics of the European Union
Politics_of_the_European_Union
Thrust belt
leaving behind the Rhine and Bresse grabens. Due to their low mechanical competence, Triassic layers have poor exposure quality. Additionally, the significant
Geology_of_the_Jura_Massif
American electronics company (1964–2002)
services for a variety of state agencies. Principal historic areas of competence are: (a) reconnaissance systems; (b) data communications systems (including
ESL_Incorporated
History of a Brazilian football club
Portuguese). Retrieved September 8, 2025. "In a Comeback, Vasco Displays Competence and Reaches the Taça Guanabara Final". Globoesporte. February 23, 2012
History_of_CR_Vasco_da_Gama
excluded. 47% earlier in the year. Excluding Transnistria. Average of "competence" and "sympathy" Opinion of the State Administration Council. CAWI method
List of heads of the executive by approval rating
List_of_heads_of_the_executive_by_approval_rating
English band
Neive (15 December 2023). "Hype List 2024: Fat Dog: "It's confidence over competence"". Dork. Retrieved 22 February 2024. Ryan, Gary (6 November 2023). "Fat
Fat_Dog_(band)
Devolved parliament of Wales
when they treat rules that are outside of competence as being 'not law'. In this way, the legislative competence of each jurisdiction is formally maintained
Senedd
or supply information relating to proceedings in Tynwald and about the competence of witnesses in respect of those matters; and for connected purposes.
List_of_acts_of_Tynwald
American singer and actor (1935–1977)
death. But he was difficult to diagnose; it was a judgment call." The competence and ethics of two of the centrally involved medical professionals were
Elvis_Presley
Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 to 1250
military commanders and regional governors chosen for their loyalty and competence has been compared to Napoleonic marshals, and Frederick proactively supervised
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
June 2025). "Election of Syrian People's Assembly faces challenge of competence and representation demands". Enab Baladi. Retrieved 26 June 2025. Ferreira
2025–26 Syrian parliamentary election
2025–26_Syrian_parliamentary_election
American actress (born 1975)
commented, "Jolie makes the title character a virtual icon of female competence and coolth." The film was an international hit, earning $274.7 million
Angelina_Jolie
Attribution of human traits to AI
robots are more likely to be subject of attribution of mental states and competence, with friendly and polite behavior resulting in increased perceived trustworthiness
AI_anthropomorphism
German defence company
Elektronischen Kampf (K2EK)" [Helsing achieves full functionality of the Competence Center for Cognitive Electronic Warfare (K2EK)]. Hartpunkt. Archived from
Helsing_(company)
Foreign intelligence agency of Pakistan
deputations for three to four years and enhance the ISI's professional competence. According to some experts, the ISI is the largest intelligence agency
Inter-Services_Intelligence
Kompetenz-Kompetenz question: who ultimately has the "competence" to define the EU's "competence". Many member state courts believe they decide, other
Law_of_the_European_Union
Hayton 2015, p. 29. Golubeva, Maria (20 May 2013). Models of Political Competence: The Evolution of Political Norms in the Works of Burgundian and Habsburg
Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Cultural_depictions_of_Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Sociology concept
daily schedule with a single task at a time) with high-trust societies, and multi-active cultures (flexible schedules with many tasks at once, often in an
High-trust and low-trust societies
High-trust_and_low-trust_societies
Political philosophy emphasising social ownership of production
In the second, technical decisions are made on the basis of technical competence and expertise. The decisions of the first sphere are policy directives;
Socialism
254 1st level municipalities (obce) 205 municipalities with extended competence (obce s rozšířenou působností) 4 military training areas (vojenské újezdy)
List of administrative divisions by country
List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country
Cooperation between Christian denominations
Ecumenical Ecclesiology: From Foundations Through Dialogue to Symbolic Competence for Communionality. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4023-3
Ecumenism
Country in South America
elaboration of Statutes of Autonomy, the transfer and distribution of direct competences between the central government and the autonomous entities. There are
Bolivia
2024 South Korean television series
Hong-ran during their residency. Due to his kind demeanor and professional competence, he earned the deep respect of the otherwise reserved Ha-neul, leading
Doctor_Slump_(TV_series)
Åkerman, Jonas (2013). "Forced-March Sorites Arguments and Linguistic Competence". Dialectica. 67 (4): 403–426. doi:10.1111/1746-8361.12038. ISSN 0012-2017
Glossary_of_logic
Critiques of democratic political systems
countries have sought to redefine "democracy" in ways that differ from Western multi-party democratic systems. Under the framing of whole-process people's democracy
Criticism_of_democracy
Wayback Machine Times Radio (27 Feb 2023) Russia surprised by 'vigour, competence and skill of Ukraine's military' Archived 8 March 2023 at the Wayback
Foreign involvement in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Foreign_involvement_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Labor leader John Curtin said "The dependence of Australia upon the competence, let alone the readiness, of British statesmen to send forces to our aid
History_of_Australia
Milkweed butterfly in the family Nymphalidae
guideline, textbook, handbook, training manual, or substitute for technical competence. The P100 represents the current state of practice in designing facilities
Monarch_butterfly
elected by an open list and proportional representation system from 31 multi-member constituencies ranging in size from four to nineteen seats. The electoral
2026 Bulgarian parliamentary election
2026_Bulgarian_parliamentary_election
US-based worldwide management consulting firm
developing 15 specialized working groups within McKinsey called Centers of Competence and by developing practice areas called Strategy, Operations and Organization
McKinsey_&_Company
American pilot and diplomat (born 1951)
values that will unite and protect us," who have a "moral compass ... competence, integrity, and concern for the greater good." In a subsequent interview
Sully_Sullenberger
President of Pakistan (2008–2013; since 2024)
remained on whether he would actually carry out his promise. His economic competence was questioned after allegations that he had raised grain procurement
Asif_Ali_Zardari
2016). European Commission, [1], accessed 12 Aug 2020 The EU established a multi-layered financial supervision structure, the European System of Financial
Directorate-General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union
Directorate-General_for_Financial_Stability,_Financial_Services_and_Capital_Markets_Union
American television news reporter (1947–1983)
year, at which time Judy Woodruff took over as host. Despite Savitch's competence and success as an anchor, by 1983, NBC was beginning to shift its focus
Jessica_Savitch
MULTI COMPETENCE
MULTI COMPETENCE
Girl/Female
Hindu
A creeper with fragrant flowers
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Marathi
With Multi-coloured Body
Boy/Male
Muslim
Expounder of Islamic Law.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Small Fragrant Flower; Moonlight; A Jasmine Flower
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chirtrang | சிரà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®‚க
With multi-colored body
Chirtrang | சிரà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®‚க
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Avatar
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Expounder of Islamic Law; Jurist
Boy/Male
Hindu
An idol, All auspicious Lord, Lord Vishnu, Statue
Boy/Male
Arabic
Religious Leader
Boy/Male
Hindu
Mukti, Emancipation, Liberation
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
Salvation; Freedom
Boy/Male
Muslim
Jurist
Boy/Male
Tamil
Mukti, Emancipation, Liberation
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Freedom from Life and Death; Liberation; Valuable
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Multi Talented
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Brave
Boy/Male
Hindu
With multi-colored body
Boy/Male
Indian
Jurist
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Multi Talented Person; With Good Taste
Girl/Female
Hindu
Salvation, Freedom from life and death
MULTI COMPETENCE
MULTI COMPETENCE
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Latin Justinus, IESTYN means "fair, just."Â
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Hebrew
Dear One
Girl/Female
Indian
Fire
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jalagandha | ஜலாகஂதா
One of the kauravas
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Happy King
Girl/Female
Hawaiian
The sky;chieftain.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Victory to the Light
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Triumphant; Derived from Victoria
Boy/Male
Indian
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Dew of heaven.
MULTI COMPETENCE
MULTI COMPETENCE
MULTI COMPETENCE
MULTI COMPETENCE
MULTI COMPETENCE
n.
Adequate substance or means; competence.
n.
Same as Bolty.
n.
Alt. of Competency
n.
One of the Chromidae, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.
pl.
of Mufti
n.
Right or authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause; as, the competence of a judge or court.
n.
Citizen's dress when worn by a naval or military officer; -- a term derived from the British service in India.
n.
The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty, talent.
n.
A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some point of law.
n.
An official expounder of Mohammedan law.
superl.
Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise property.