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Moral exclusion is a psychological process where members of a group view their own group and its norms as superior to others, belittling, marginalizing
Moral_exclusion
Conviction that ethical standards do not apply to oneself
the moral exclusion and delegitimization of others. Moral exclusion occurs when groups or individuals are excluded from an ingroup's sphere of moral values
Moral_disengagement
American federal law enacted in 1882
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of
Chinese_Exclusion_Act
Psychological theory describing the evolution of moral reasoning
perspectives. Arguments have been made that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other moral values, such as caring; that there is such an overlap between stages
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Lawrence_Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development
Behavior or process that undermines individuality of and in others
mental states, known as "dementalization," which contributes to their moral exclusion and increases the likelihood of mistreatment. Scholars distinguish
Dehumanization
Act of killing on a large scale
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Extermination_(crime)
Forced or promoted return of non-European immigrants
migrant background, back to their country of origin, the criteria of exclusion being a vaguely defined degree of assimilation into European culture.
Remigration
Emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood
presented with a situation where exclusion occurs. Exclusion from a peer group could raise concerns about moral issues (e.g., fairness and empathy towards excluded)
Moral_development
German word meaning "subhuman", used by the Nazi Party
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Untermensch
Catchphrase and internet meme
Bill Maher also took aim at what he described as a sense of impatience and moral superiority among Generation Z's activists such as environmentalist Greta
OK_boomer
Prejudice, hatred, or bias toward gay men, male homosexuality, or men perceived to be gay
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Discrimination against gay men
Discrimination_against_gay_men
Philosophical concept of "otherness"
Imperialism Indeterminacy in philosophy Infrahumanisation Internationalism Moral exclusion Nationalism Other Pedagogy Personhood Postcolonialism Racial inequality
Alterity
System of bias and prejudice in favor of heterosexuality
entertainment; see also "Sugar Time" episode of Postcards from Buster Exclusion of historical and political figures' and celebrities' homosexuality or
Heterosexism
Weapon that harms people having certain genes
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Ethnic_bioweapon
Legal restrictions on Catholics in England (1534–1829)
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Disabilities_(Catholics)
Forceful removal of people considered undesirable
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Purge
Economic and non-economic disadvantage
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Ethnic_penalty
Deliberate efforts to shift the ethnic balance of an area
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Demographic_engineering
Irrational fear of, and aversion to, lesbians
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Discrimination against lesbians
Discrimination_against_lesbians
Racial insult
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Go back to where you came from
Go_back_to_where_you_came_from
Neighborhood inhabited by a minority group, usually when poor
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Ghetto
Judging another culture by the values and standards of one's own culture
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Ethnocentrism
Systematic removal of a certain ethnic or religious group
revenge. This purpose appears to be the occupation of territory to the exclusion of the purged group or groups. This policy and the practices of warring
Ethnic_cleansing
Political ideology
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Eliminationism
Ideology
Legislative supremacy Judicial supremacy female supremacy Slavery Social exclusion Xenophobia "Supremacist". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster
Supremacism
Criminal offence in several countries
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
Incitement_to_ethnic_or_racial_hatred
Practice of a wife selling her husband
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Husband_selling
Polish-born British psychologist (1919–1982)
narcissism Cultural identity Ingroups and outgroups Minimal group paradigm Moral exclusion Vaughan, Graham M. (18 June 2025). "Henri Tajfel". Encyclopedia Britannica
Henri_Tajfel
Eliminating groups of people for political reasons
Francis. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-415-42561-2. Cho, Grace M. (24 June 2025). "The Moral Distortions of the Official Korean War Narrative". The Nation. Archived
Political cleansing of population
Political_cleansing_of_population
Feeling or expression of hate towards Catalan people
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Anti-Catalan_sentiment
Widespread killing based on perceived social status
entrenched in the culture of violence as many join gangs to escape "social exclusion and economic disadvantage" and establish a sense of identity and masculinity
Social_cleansing
Exclusion of someone from social relations
word "ostracism" is also commonly used to denote a process of social exclusion (in Ancient Greece, ostracism was a form of temporary banishment following
Social_rejection
Use of zoning ordinances for social segregation
obstacles to wealth. Many attributed their impecunious state to their exclusion from the suburbs. In response, a flurry of exclusionary zoning cases were
Exclusionary_zoning
Unjust treatment
Canada: Boréal. ISBN 9782890522718. OCLC 20723090. Opotow, S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: an introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 1–20
Oppression
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Population_cleansing
Social stratification conferring status
within a hierarchy, and interact with others based on cultural notions of exclusion, with certain castes considered as either more pure or more polluted than
Caste
Human rights for intersex people
healthcare. Deep-rooted cultural and religious norms contribute to secrecy, exclusion from education and employment, and legal invisibility. Obioma Chukwuike
Intersex_human_rights
Crime of racial oppression in international law
(ICERD), the term "racial discrimination" shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national
Crime_of_apartheid
State of mattering morally
Moral patienthood (also called moral patience, moral patiency, moral status, and moral considerability) is the state of being eligible for moral consideration
Moral_patienthood
Main page of the English Wikipedia
formulate Fermi–Dirac statistics for particles that obey Wolfgang Pauli's exclusion principle, called "fermions". His theory of beta decay correctly predicted
Main_Page
were only allowed to compete as their sex, but mostly resulted in the exclusion of intersex athletes from female sports. Mandatory sex verification testing
Sex_verification_in_sports
Involuntary cultural assimilation of minority groups
feel ashamed of one's (or one's parents') mother tongue through official exclusion, humiliation at school and rejection from the media" and was endorsed
Forced_assimilation
Prejudicial treatment based on membership in a certain group
Review, 43, 817–856 (2006); Oscar Horta, "Discrimination in Terms of Moral Exclusion", Theoria: Swedish Journal of Philosophy, 76, 346–364 (2010). Thompson
Discrimination
Legal term
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Sex characteristics (legal term)
Sex_characteristics_(legal_term)
2005 book by Jennifer Pitts
presented a moral and universalist critique of British rule in India and Ireland, drawing attention to systemic oppression and moral exclusion. The second
A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France
A_Turn_to_Empire:_The_Rise_of_Imperial_Liberalism_in_Britain_and_France
Interplay of politics and population change
ethnic or racial hatred Immigrant invasion Infrahumanisation Memoricide Moral exclusion Nonperson Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders Politics of resentment
Political_demography
2015 discrimination lawsuit
Age disparity International inequality Linguicide Minority stress Moral exclusion Mortgage Native American mascots Occupational Apartheid Inequality
Hong_v._Facebook,_Inc.
British sociologist
moral underclass discourse), SID (the social integration discourse), and RED (the redistribution discourse), as tools for analysing social exclusion.
Ruth_Levitas
Theory of effective communication
York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415035453. Opotow, Susan (1990-04-01). "Moral Exclusion and Injustice: An Introduction". Journal of Social Issues. 46 (1):
Anxiety/uncertainty management
Anxiety/uncertainty_management
Movement of a large group of people from one region to another
Nonetheless, the conditions attending the relevant treaties created strong moral, psychological and economic pressures to move." The final report of the
Population_transfer
Form of social exclusion
Youth exclusion is a form of social exclusion in which youth are at a social disadvantage in joining institutions and organizations in their societies
Youth_exclusion
workplaces rejection among intersex individuals in Mexico, including social exclusion, offensive comments, harassment, unequal treatment, and violence. Similarly
Discrimination against intersex people
Discrimination_against_intersex_people
2025 book by Jeff Sebo
The Moral Circle: Who Matters, What Matters, and Why is a 2025 book by the American philosopher Jeff Sebo, published by W. W. Norton & Company. The book
The_Moral_Circle
Islam) of India during the school assemblies. Through the course of moral exclusion, which Abu Masood implemented, adolescents are trained to situate the
Freedom of religion in Pakistan
Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan
Broadening of moral consideration
Moral circle expansion is an increase over time in the number and type of entities given moral consideration. The general idea of moral inclusion was
Moral_circle_expansion
Disgust and anger towards something or someone
review), thus even subtle indicators of exclusion are threatening. Fourth, non-verbal forms of social exclusion may be powerful for girls because although
Contempt
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685
had become a Catholic. The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties. Charles sided with the Tories and, after the
Charles_II_of_England
Philosophical work on ethics by Cicero
natural state (the "cradle argument"), as well as issues regarding the exclusion of other goods entailed by Stoic doctrine. In the last book, Cicero presents
De_finibus_bonorum_et_malorum
relations between the United States and China through acts like the Chinese Exclusion Act. By 1900, only 4,522 of the 89,837 Chinese migrants living in the
19th-century Chinese immigration to America
19th-century_Chinese_immigration_to_America
Experimental community in the U.S.
application stated: “The colony should be open to any white person of good moral character”. They explicitly banned Black people and less publicly banned
Helicon_Home_Colony
Bildungsroman by Colm Tóibín
Toibin novels, Argentina as the setting with its "social and political exclusions" and the "representation of Argentina's oppressive, silencing polity invariably
The_Story_of_the_Night
Turkish artist (born 1962)
Şükran Moral (born in 1962 In Terme, Samsun) is a Turkish artist, best known for her performances, videos and installations. During the 80's and 90's
Şükran_Moral
Inconsistent application of principles
unambiguous moral infraction." Dreher argues that Hughes's observations highlight the difficulty in distinguishing between the exclusion of one ethnic
Double_standard
Creative ability
feelings and emotions, imagination is a prickly topic with a history of exclusion from the realm of the cognitive. Byrne, Ruth M. J. (2007) [2005]. The
Imagination
Hindu and Muslim saint (c. 1838–1918)
religious affiliations, he refused to identify himself with one to the exclusion of the other. His teachings combined elements of Hinduism and Islam: he
Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
and Europe. The Soviet government established a 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) exclusion zone 36 hours after the accident, initially evacuating around 49,000 people
Chernobyl_disaster
Basic emotion
physically unclean may induce moral avoidance. Being deemed disgusting produces a variety of cognitive effects that result in exclusion from the perceived inner
Disgust
1989 book by Zygmunt Bauman
itself—bureaucratic rationality, instrumental reason, and the social production of moral indifference. Drawing upon Hannah Arendt's books on totalitarianism and
Modernity_and_the_Holocaust
1874 book by Henry Sidgwick
ways marked the culmination of the classical utilitarian tradition." Noted moral and political philosopher John Rawls, writing in the Forward to the Hackett
The_Methods_of_Ethics
American immigration law
citizens, which had been banned by laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Asian Exclusion Act of 1924. Chinese immigration, in particular, had been
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952
one’s moral self-perception but may also justify harsher criticism of others, potentially contributing to social exclusion based on perceived moral differences
Moral_cleansing_theory
Psychological phenomenon
(Pinto et al., 2010). Moral violations consistently form the strongest Black Sheep Effect response (Leach et al., 2007). Moral values often create the
Black_sheep_effect
Type of therapy to improve mental health
PMID 19917145. Kingdon D (January 2010). "Over-simplification and exclusion of non-conforming studies can demonstrate absence of effect: a lynching
Cognitive_behavioral_therapy
American philosopher (1921–2002)
1921 – November 24, 2002) was an American philosopher, most active in moral, legal, and political philosophy. Rawls has been described as one of the
John_Rawls
Act of Parliament in New Zealand
also provides moral rights for the author. These attach to the author, and are not transferred by contract as economic rights can be. Moral rights give
Copyright_Act_1994
Negative perception of a person's morally motivated actions
"moral objection" – are frequently perceived as less warm than colleagues who comply, and may face social sanctions including insults and exclusion as
Do-gooder_derogation
Debate over romantic and sexual content in fanfiction
view that anti-ship equates to restricting artistic freedom and allowing moral censorship, and generally reject the notion that works including such themes
Shipping ethics controversy in fanfiction
Shipping_ethics_controversy_in_fanfiction
Legal and philosophical theory that there are values inherent in nature
and universal moral principles that are discoverable through reason. In ethics, natural law theory asserts that certain rights and moral values are inherent
Natural_law
Astronomy, University of Sussex and consultant to New Scientist Mary Midgley, moral philosopher and former Senior Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Newcastle
List of In Our Time programmes
List_of_In_Our_Time_programmes
International cricket tour
boards, most notably the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), due to moral concerns and political opposition over the Taliban administration's ban
Afghan cricket team in Ireland in 2026
Afghan_cricket_team_in_Ireland_in_2026
2026 encyclical of Pope Leo XIV
technological progress and the assessment of its social, cultural, and moral consequences. It also asserts that human experience, expression, and intelligence
Magnifica_humanitas
2026 Swedish crime drama television series
thematic territory, and highlighted his ability to depict "crime, class and exclusion" through a "sociopolitical slant." Writing for Svenska Dagbladet, Jan
Land_of_Sin_(TV_series)
American photographer and environmentalist (1902–1984)
raised him to follow the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson: to live a modest, moral life guided by a social responsibility to man and nature. Adams had a loving
Ansel_Adams
Latin phrase meaning in its own class
own kind" or "in a class by itself", therefore "unique". It denotes an exclusion to the larger system an object is in relation to. Several disciplines
Sui_generis
UK-based international postgraduate award
English-speaking nations and instil a sense of civic-minded leadership and moral fortitude in future leaders, irrespective of their chosen career paths.
Rhodes_Scholarship
American educational psychologist
2008). "Belonging to and exclusion from the peer group in schools: influences on adolescents' moral choices". Journal of Moral Education. 37 (2): 165–184
Robert_L._Selman
Philosophical and political rights
long as they have farr, a kind of divine blessing that they must earn by moral behavior. The 40 Principal Doctrines of the Epicureans taught that "in order
Natural rights and legal rights
Natural_rights_and_legal_rights
Social issue in Japan
Discrimination against otaku (オタク差別; lit. "otaku discrimination") refers to social exclusion, prejudice, and hatred of otaku. It is also referred to as "anti-otaku
Discrimination_against_otaku
Alteration of attitudes and behaviors based on outside influences
reduces conformity pressure. Later work found that experiences of social exclusion increase people’s likelihood to conform, suggesting that conformity can
Social_influence
Voluntary abstention from using a product or service
moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict some economic loss on the target, or to indicate a moral outrage
Boycott
interpretations of his philosophy. Connell believes that Aristotle women's civic exclusion is due to temperament, not intellect. She stresses that Aristotelian biology
Aristotle's_views_on_women
Character who contrasts with another character of a narrative work
heightened contrast (this is different because ...), those that operate by exclusion (this is not X because...), and those that assign blame ("due to the slow
Foil_(narrative)
Mass incarceration in the U.S. during WWII
Japanese Americans were believed to pose. Military authorities justified exclusion by claiming that an "unascertained number" of potentially disloyal Japanese
Internment of Japanese Americans
Internment_of_Japanese_Americans
Tiananmen Lam, Wo-Lap Willy. Y 2023-05-12 China and the American dream : a moral inquiry Madsen, Richard. Y 2023-05-12 China Since Tiananmen : Political
Book_censorship_in_Hong_Kong
Intelligence in machines
June 2024). "Several AI companies said to be ignoring robots dot txt exclusion, scraping content without permission: report". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved
Artificial_intelligence
German nationalist ideology
as a "Abstammungsgemeinschaft" (lit. "community of descent") and the "exclusion or destruction of the heterogeneous" were invoked. Völkische (lit. "nation"
Völkisch_nationalism
Far-right political party in Germany
two remaining AfD MEPs to leave the group by 31 March, with a motion of exclusion to be tabled on 12 April if they refuse to leave voluntarily. While von
Alternative_for_Germany
Country in South Asia
occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction or exclusion defined by cultural notions of purity and pollution. The vast majority
India
6–11 August riots in cities and towns across England
repeatedly mentioned – even outside London." Rioters themselves cited exclusion as a reason for their actions. One person, asked by a journalist if rioting
2011_England_riots
In 1859, Oregon became the only state to enter the Union with a black exclusion law, although there were many other states that had tried before, especially
Racism_in_Oregon
travel, tourism, insurance
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