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Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols attempted repeated invasions of Syria. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo
Mongol_invasion_of_Syria
Series of military campaigns by the Mongol Empire
battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' Military of the Mongol Empire Mongol invasion of Europe Political divisions and vassals of the Mongol Empire Timeline
Mongol_conquests
13th-century Mongol military campaign in Europe
Köten. The Mongols retreated, having gathered their intelligence, which was the purpose of the reconnaissance-in-force. A full-scale invasion by Batu Khan
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus'
Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260
Mongol_raids_into_Palestine
Topics referred to by the same term
during the Mongol invasion of Syria led by Hulagu Khan Siege of Aleppo (1280), during the Mongol invasion of Syria led by Abaqa Khan Siege of Aleppo (1801)
Siege_of_Aleppo
place in the aftermath of the first Mongol invasion of Syria in 1260, during the reign of Sultan Baybars (1260–77). The bulk of the wāfidiyya were settled
Wafidiyya
Mongol capture of city of Damascus in 1260
Capture of Damascus took place in 1260 during the Mongol invasion of Syria led by Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire and founder of the Ilkhanate
Capture_of_Damascus_(1260)
13th-century attempts at an alliance
the decisive Battle of Shaqhab, south of Damascus, on April 21, 1303. It is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. Ghazan died on May
Franco-Mongol_alliance
1220s–1240s military campaign
the face of a Mongol invasion, so local wars and conflicts were suspended in parts of central Europe, only to be resumed after the Mongols had withdrawn
Mongol_invasion_of_Europe
Series of military offensives (1221–1327)
The Mongol invasions of India were numerous invasions that the Mongol Empire launched into the Indian subcontinent from 1221 to 1327, with many of the
Mongol_invasions_of_India
Mongol general
especially during the Mongol invasion of Syria, until his ignominious defeat in 1303 led to his banishment. He was killed during the conquest of Gilan in 1307
Kutlushah
Mongol occupation of Armenia
the decisive Battle of Shaqhab, south of Damascus, on April 21, 1303. It is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. In 1304, the Egyptian
Mongol_Armenia
Late 13th-century failed invasion of Kyushu
vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining
Mongol_invasions_of_Japan
13th-century military campaign
was not explicitly recorded. If the equipment was similar to the Mongol invasion of Japan, the soldiers would have worn light steel helmets and hide armor
Mongol_invasion_of_Java
1231–1271 Mongol Yuan conquests
"stubborn resistance" towards the Mongol invasions than many others in Eurasia who were swiftly crushed by the Mongols at a lightning pace. The Yuan dynasty
Mongol_invasions_of_Korea
13th-century Mongol-Chinese campaigns
The first invasion began in 1258 under the united Mongol Empire, as it looked for alternative paths to invade the Song dynasty. The Mongol general Uriyangkhadai
Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam
Mongol conquest of the Abbasid Caliphate (1258)
Muhammad II of Khwarazm's 1217 invasion of the Abbasids failed, and his realm was soon invaded by the armies of Genghis Khan, first ruler of the Mongol Empire
Siege_of_Baghdad
The Mongol invasion of Alania was a series of military campaigns conducted by the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century (1220–1223), followed by the
Mongol_invasion_of_Alania
1220–1236 Mongol invasions of the Kingdom of Georgia
The Mongol invasions of Georgia (Georgian: მონღოლთა ლაშქრობები საქართველოში, romanized: mongholta lashkrobebi sakartveloshi), which at that time consisted
Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia
1219–1221 military campaign
devastation and atrocities. The invasion marked the completion of the Mongol conquest of Central Asia, and began the Mongol conquest of Persia. Both belligerents
Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire
Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire
Part of the first great Mongol invasion of Europe
of the first Mongol invasion of Europe. The Mongols did not advance far into the Holy Roman Empire and there was no major clash of arms on its territory
Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire
Mongol_incursions_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire
Italian diplomat in the service of the Mongols
Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers Guillaume de Villaret about military plans for a Crusade envisaged a Mongol invasion of Syria as a preliminary
Tommaso_Ugi_di_Siena
During the Mongol invasion of Europe, Mongol tumens led by Batu Khan and Kadan invaded Serbia and then Bulgaria in the spring of 1242 after defeating
Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia
Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia
1260 battle between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire
Sebastian Wagner, Ulf Büntgen, Climate and environmental context of the Mongol invasion of Syria and defeat at ‘Ayn Jālūt (1258–1260 CE).2021 Erdkunde, 75,
Battle_of_Ain_Jalut
1242 conflict
submission to the Mongols and pay tribute. Together with the major Mongol invasion of Anatolia the following year (1243), the Mongol defeat of Baldwin precipitated
Mongol invasion of the Latin Empire
Mongol_invasion_of_the_Latin_Empire
Series of military campaigns (1209–1236)
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia occurred after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian Plateau in 1206. Smaller military operations
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia
Mongol_campaigns_in_Central_Asia
Mongol invasions of Lithuania was an event where the Mongol armies invaded the territories of the Kingdom of Lithuania and later, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania
1277 battle in southern Turkey
Sultan of Egypt Baybars marched from Syria into the Mongol-dominated Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and attacked the Mongol occupation force in the Battle of Elbistan
Battle_of_Elbistan
Capital city of Syria
red dome of Saladin's Mausoleum. Ayyubid rule (and independence) came to an end with the Mongol invasion of Syria in 1260, in which the Mongols led by Kitbuqa
Damascus
1211–1234 campaign in northern China
The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty, also known as the Mongol–Jin War, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in Manchuria
Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty
Three Mongol campaigns against Islamic states in the Middle East and Central Asia
ruler of the neighbouring Khwarazmian Empire, the Mongols launched an invasion in 1219. The invaders laid waste to the Transoxianan cities of Bukhara
Mongol conquest of Persia and Mesopotamia
Mongol_conquest_of_Persia_and_Mesopotamia
Empire in Eurasia from 1206–1368
that up to half of Hungary's two million population were victims of the Mongol invasion. Rogerius, an eyewitness, said that "the Mongols killed everybody
Mongol_Empire
Index of conflicts with the same name
dynasty Siege of Damascus (1229), a siege during an Ayyubid civil war Battle of Damascus (1260) during the Mongol invasion of Syria Siege of Damascus (1400)
Battle_of_Damascus
Invasion, 1241–42
The first invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Mongol Empire started in March 1241. The Mongols started to withdraw in late March 1242. The Hungarians
First Mongol invasion of Hungary
First_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary
Invasions of 1206–1723
There were several Mongol invasions of Tibet. The earliest is the alleged plot to invade Tibet by Genghis Khan in 1206, which is considered anachronistic;
Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet
Mongol conquest of Northern Caucasia
The Mongol invasion of Circassia and Alania was the invasion of Zichia (Circassia) and Alania by the Mongol Empire in 1237. William of Rubruck, who travelled
Mongol_invasion_of_Circassia
1285–6 military campaign
second invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Mongols took place during the winter of 1285–1286. The Mongols were led by Nogai Khan and Tulabuga of the
Second Mongol invasion of Hungary
Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary
Islamic scholar and jurist (1263–1328)
Harran in 1263 CE and fleeing from the Mongol invasion, he was taught by his grandfather and father in the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence at Damascus
Ibn_Taymiyya
1264/5 Golden Horde military campaign
The Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace took place in Thrace during the winter of 1264/5. The Sultan of Rum Kayqubad II appealed to Khan Berke and Nogai
Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace
Mongol_invasion_of_Byzantine_Thrace
The Mongol invasions and conquests of the territory that now comprises the Republic of Azerbaijan took place during the 13th and 14th centuries and involved
Mongol invasions of Azerbaijan
Mongol_invasions_of_Azerbaijan
Country in Western Asia
in Syria and Lebanon List of massacres in Syria List of wars involving Syria List of Syrian flying aces Terrorism in Syria Mongol invasions of Syria Architecture
Outline_of_Syria
Invasion of the Song dynasty by the Mongols from 1234 to 1279
The Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty (or Song–Yuan War) was the final phase of the Mongol conquest of China, beginning under Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241)
Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty
Mongol_conquest_of_the_Song_dynasty
List of military invasions
Vietnam 1300 invasion of Flanders by France 1386–1403 Timur's invasions of Georgia 1400–1402 invasion of Iraq, Syria and Anatolia 1399 invasion of Ukraine
List_of_invasions
Siege during the Mongol invasion of Syria
siege of Aleppo was a major military engagement during the Mongol invasions of the Levant, lasting from 18 January to 24 January 1260. The Mongol army
Siege_of_Aleppo_(1260)
Mongol invasions of Anatolia or Mongol invasions of Turkey occurred at various times, starting with the campaign of 1241–1243 that culminated in the Battle
Mongol_conquest_of_Anatolia
Part of the Mongol conquest of Persia (1253–1256)
The Mongol campaign against the Nizaris of the Alamut period (the Nizari Ismaili state) began in 1253 after the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire
Mongol campaign against the Nizaris
Mongol_campaign_against_the_Nizaris
Mongol invasions and conquests, which began under Genghis Khan in 1206–1207, the Mongol army conquered most of continental Asia, including parts of West
Military_of_the_Mongol_Empire
northern invasion theory connect the events in Sakhalin with the contemporaneous Mongol invasions of Japan in the south. They theorize that the Mongols were
Mongol_invasions_of_Sakhalin
Mongol campaign 1287–88
The Third Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by Talabuga Khan and Nogai Khan in 1287–1288. As in the second invasion, its purpose was to loot Lesser
Third Mongol invasion of Poland
Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland
The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to conquer various empires ruling over China for 74 years (1205–1279)
Mongol_conquest_of_China
Ayyubid statesman (1229–1263)
established ties with the Mongols who were rapidly gaining strength in the region. He encouraged the Mongol invasion of Syria, so that he could be reinstated
Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Homs
1256-1335 Post-Mongol Empire khanate in Iran
the Mamluks, who had defeated both Mongol invaders and Crusaders. The Ilkhanids launched several invasions of Syria, but were never able to gain and keep
Ilkhanate
1300–1 military campaign
second Mongol invasion of Burma by the Yuan dynasty under Temür Khan was repulsed by the Burmese Myinsaing Kingdom in 1301. After the first invasion by the
Second Mongol invasion of Burma
Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma
Military campaign, 1240 to 1241
The Mongol invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the Battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces
First Mongol invasion of Poland
First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland
Mongol invasion of Goryeo 1235 Mongol invasion of Goryeo Mongol invasion of Europe, 1236-1242 Mongol invasion of Tibet in 1240 Mongol invasions of Anatolia
Timeline_of_the_Mongol_Empire
1223–1236 invasions of the Bulgar state by the Mongol Empire
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in
Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria
Fragmentation of the Mongol Empire post-1259
limit for Mongol expansion, as the Mongols were never again able to make any serious military advances farther than Syria. In a separate part of the empire
Division_of_the_Mongol_Empire
1277–1287 Yuan conquest of the Pagan kingdom
The first Mongol invasion of Burma (Burmese: မွန်ဂို–မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၂၇၇–၁၂၈၇); Chinese: 元緬戰爭) were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan
First Mongol invasion of Burma
First_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma
1218 military campaign
The Mongol Empire conquered the Qara Khitai (Western Liao Empire) in the year 1218 AD. Prior to the invasion, war with the Khwarazmian Empire and the usurpation
Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai
Mongol_conquest_of_the_Qara_Khitai
State in southern Anatolia (1080–1375)
the decisive Battle of Shaqhab, south of Damascus, on April 21, 1303. It is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. When Ghazan died on
Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia
Battle of Thannuris – 528 – Iberian War Battle of Callinicum – 531 – Iberian War Islamic conquest of Persia 1251–1259 Mongol invasion of Persia, Syria and
Military_history_of_Syria
Part of the Mongol conquests
In the 13th century, the Mongol Empire launched several military expeditions in the region of Siberia as part of its invasions and conquests. The first
Mongol_campaigns_in_Siberia
Western Asian Mongol ruler (c. 1217–1265)
1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of West Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan
Hulegu_Khan
Mongol military efforts
Japan, First Mongol invasion of Burma, Mongol invasion of Java, second and third Mongol invasions of Vietnam, Mongol invasion of Champa and putting down
Kublai_Khan's_campaigns
13th-century Mongol attacks
1280s and 1290s. A serious invasion was threatened in 1292 but was averted when Serbia accepted Mongol lordship. The Balkan push of Nogai's clique was broader
Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde
Serbian_conflict_with_the_Nogai_Horde
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
veteran Qalawun seized power in Mamluk Egypt. Facing revolts and a Mongol invasion of Syria, he renewed the truce with the Crusader states in 1281. That year
Crusades
Sultan of Egypt and Syria from 1260 to 1277
an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean. Of Turkic Kipchak origin, Baybars was sold into slavery during the Mongol invasions and ultimately
Baybars
Italian diplomat
the decisive Battle of Shaqhab, south of Damascus, on 21 April 1303. It is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. In April 1305, Ghazan's
Buscarello_de_Ghizolfi
Part of the Crusades
Hospitallers of Margat dispatched a contingent of troops to support the Mongol invasion of Syria. The invasion was repelled by the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, al-Mansur
Siege_of_Margat
Mongol capture of Damascus
Following the Mongol victory over the Mamluk Sultanate at the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in December 1299, Mongol forces advanced into Syria and entered
Capture_of_Damascus_(1299)
Monarchy in Eastern Europe (1256–1329)
decline under the Mongol overlordship. Since the 1220s, the Kingdom of Georgia had to contend with the numerous Mongol invasions of Genghis Khan and his
Kingdom_of_Eastern_Georgia
Invasions of the territory of modern Chechnya and Ingushetia
13th century, the Mongol Empire launched two invasions of the territory of modern Chechnya and Ingushetia, which included the lands of Alania in the west
Mongol invasions of Chechnya and Ingushetia
Mongol_invasions_of_Chechnya_and_Ingushetia
Syrian historian
period of the Crusades in Syria. He is also an eyewitness to the Mongol invasion of Syria, having accompanied Baybars on his anti-Mongol campaign of 1277
Nur al-Din Ali ibn Abd al-Rahim
Nur_al-Din_Ali_ibn_Abd_al-Rahim
Battle in the Mamluk-Ilkhanid War
1303 between the Egyptian Mamluks and the Mongols and their Armenian allies near Kiswe, Syria, just south of Damascus. The battle has been influential
Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303)
Battle_of_Marj_al-Saffar_(1303)
Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1265 to 1282
transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler (Ilkhan) of the Ilkhanate. The son of Hulagu Khan and Lady Yesünčin and the grandson of Tolui, he reigned from 1265
Abaqa_Khan
Ilkhan from 1304 to 1316
Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers Guillaume de Villaret about military plans for a Crusade envisaged a Mongol invasion of Syria as a preliminary
Öljaitü
1241 battle during the first Mongol invasion of Hungary
The Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241) was a pivotal conflict between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary during the Mongol invasion of Europe. The
Battle_of_Mohi
1299 Mongols–Mamluk conflict
Battle of Ain Jalut and the Mongols were expelled from Palestine and Syria. Hulagu returned with another force, but his invasion was permanently delayed after
Battle_of_Wadi_al-Khaznadar
Mongolian commander
general under the Mongol Ilkhanate ruler Ghazan at the end of the 13th century. Mulay was part of the 1299–1300 Mongol offensive in Syria and Palestine,
Mulay
Siege; brought the Crusader period to an end in the Holy Land
of Marj al-Saffar on 20 April. It is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. When Ghazan died in 1304, Jacques de Molay's dream of a
Fall_of_Ruad
2nd Abbasid caliph in Mamluk Cairo
the Mongol invasion of Syria in 1259–1260, he ended up in Aleppo, where he was proclaimed. However, the much closer and probably genuine uncle of the
Al-Hakim_I
which covers the events of 1249–50. The final chapters cover Louis's crusade and its failure, the Mongol invasion of Syria and its ultimate defeat at
Rothelin_Continuation
Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1251 to 1259
reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign. Under Möngke, the Mongols conquered Iraq and Syria as well as the Dali Kingdom (modern
Möngke_Khan
French friar (died 1285)
In 1280, the Mongol invasion of Syria was met without serious resistance from the Mamluk defenders. The Hospitallers, from the fortress of Margat, took
Nicolas_Lorgne
1281 battle between Mamluks and Mongols
of Homs was fought in western Syria on 29 October 1281, between the armies of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and the Ilkhanate, a division of the Mongol
Second_Battle_of_Homs
Khan of the Golden Horde from 1257 to 1266
was a Mongol military commander and the ruler of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue
Berke
1241 battle of the first Mongol invasion of Poland
halt the Mongol invasion of Poland. The battle took place two days before the Mongol victory over the Hungarians at the much larger Battle of Mohi. As
Battle_of_Legnica
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia 1219–1221 Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire 1260–1294 Division of the Mongol Empire 1260–1264 Toluid Civil War 1262
List_of_conflicts_in_Asia
King of Cilician Armenia (1266–1307)
(Merj-us-Safer), south of Damas, on 21 April 1303. This campaign is considered to be the last major Mongol invasion of Syria. Hethum retreated to Ghazan's
Hethum_II
Capture of city in the Crusades by Egyptian Mamluks
advancing Mongols. Tripoli had provided troops to the Mongols for the 1258 sack of Baghdad, as well as for the 1260 Mongol invasions of Syria, which caused
Fall_of_Tripoli_(1289)
13th-century Ruler of Mosul
Baghdad or the Ayyubids of Syria depending on the circumstances, supported the Mongol invasion of Mesopotamia. Following the Battle of Köse Dağ (1243), he
Badr_al-Din_Lu'lu'
Medieval Muslim empire (c. 1077–1231)
vassals of the Seljuk Empire and the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty), and from circa 1190 as independent rulers up until the Mongol invasion in 1219–1221
Khwarazmian_Empire
Turco-Mongol conqueror (1320s–1405)
also known as Tamerlane, was a Turco-Mongol conqueror, first ruler of the Timurid dynasty, and the founder of the Timurid Empire, which ruled over modern-day
Timur
Mongol campaign in 1220–1221
siege of Bamyan (Dari: محاصره بامیان) took place in the spring of 1221 A.D. during the Mongol invasion of Khorasan by an army under the leadership of Genghis
Siege_of_Bamyan
Turco-Mongol invasions of Georgia 1386–1403
Timurid invasions of Georgia (Georgian: თემურლენგის ლაშქრობები საქართველოში, romanized: temurlengis lashkrobebi sakartveloshi) were eight invasions between
Timurid_invasions_of_Georgia
Battle in homs
confidence of the Muslims against the Mongols, which some Mamluk chronicles considered a more important victory than Ain Jalut. The Ayyubid presence in Syria soon
First_Battle_of_Homs
1259–1260 siege
Diyarbakır). The siege of Mayyāfāriqīn closely followed the 1258 siege of Baghdad and marked the beginning of the Mongol campaigns in Syria. In spring 1259,
Siege_of_Mayyafariqin
hired by the Ayyubid emir of Damascus. Taking part in the Ayyubid civil wars in Syria, they launched invasions against the emir of Aleppo in 1240 and 1241
Khwarazmian army between 1231 and 1246
Khwarazmian_army_between_1231_and_1246
Calendar year
Battle of Mari: Mamluk forces (some 30,000 men) led by Baibars defeat the Armenian army in Cilicia, in retaliation for the support of the Mongol invasion in
1266
Timurid victory in Syria over the Mamluks
The sack of Aleppo was a major event in 1400 during the war between the Timurid Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate. In 1400, Timur's Mongol forces invaded
Sack_of_Aleppo_(1400)
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MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
MONGOL INVASION-OF-SYRIA
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