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Metabolism in ecosystems
Ecosystem metabolism is a term that characterizes a specific biome or compartment of the ecosystem by measuring the net metabolic production of all the
Ecosystem_metabolism
metabolism, often referred to as aquatic ecosystem metabolism in both freshwater (lakes, rivers, wetlands, streams, reservoirs) and marine ecosystems
Stream_metabolism
Method of accounting
Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism, is a method of accounting used to analyse socio-ecosystems and to simulate possible patterns of
MuSIASEM
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose. Aerobic metabolism is up to 15 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 molecules of ATP per 1 molecule
Cellular_respiration
Study of materials and energy flows between nature and society
understanding of the deleterious effect of capitalism on ecosystems. Society and its metabolism together form an autopoietic system, a complex system that
Social_metabolism
Flow of energy through food chains in ecological energetics
in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: An Integrative Approach to Stream Ecosystem Metabolism". Ecological Monographs. 43 (4): 421–439. Bibcode:1973EcoM...43.
Energy_flow_(ecology)
Community of living organisms together with the nonliving components of their environment
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment, where the biotic and abiotic components are
Ecosystem
Balance between production and consumption of organic matter in lakes
Lake metabolism represents a lake's balance between carbon fixation (gross primary production) and biological carbon oxidation (ecosystem respiration)
Lake_metabolism
Ecosystem in a body of water
aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities
Aquatic_ecosystem
Type of aquatic ecosystem with flowing freshwater
River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms
River_ecosystem
Biogeophysical unit and associated social actors
Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism. This is a method of accounting used to analyse social-ecosystems and to simulate possible patterns
Socio-ecological_system
Decrease of pH levels in the ocean
photosynthesis and respiration, as well as water upwelling. Also, ecosystem metabolism in freshwater sources reaching coastal waters can lead to large,
Ocean_acidification
American ecologist
stream geometry, chemistry, and ecosystem metabolism. The process of stream metabolism includes such metrics as ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary
Erin_Hotchkiss
Concept describing the material and energy turnover of industrial systems
Material flow analysis Information metabolism Social metabolism Urban metabolism The Greening of Industrial Ecosystems. Washington, D.C.: National Academies
Industrial_metabolism
New Zealand Government. Retrieved 15 April 2022. Young, Roger. "Ecosystem metabolism in the Manawatu River" (PDF). Cawthron Institute. Archived from the
Environment_of_New_Zealand
Reworking of soils and sediments by organisms
Daniel E. (2011-02-01). "Marine-derived nutrients, bioturbation, and ecosystem metabolism: reconsidering the role of salmon in streams". Ecology. 92 (2): 373–385
Bioturbation
Wildland-ocean interface
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi)
Marine_coastal_ecosystem
Type of ecosystem
A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (non-living) physical and chemical
Lake_ecosystem
Study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions
Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem
Ecosystem_ecology
Model of the flows of materials and energy in cities
Urban metabolism (UM) is a model to facilitate the description and analysis of the flows of the materials and energy within cities, such as undertaken
Urban_metabolism
Study of organisms and their environment
within an ecological community. Biodiversity can protect ecosystems from disturbances. Metabolism – the rate at which energy and material resources are taken
Ecology
Award given by the Society for Freshwater Science
Variability in Ecosystem Metabolism Rates: Results from 2 Years of Continuous Monitoring in a Forested Headwater Stream". Ecosystems. 10 (4): 588–606
Hynes Award for New Investigators
Hynes_Award_for_New_Investigators
Surface organism that grows upon another plant but is not nourished by it
part in nutrient cycles and add to both the diversity and biomass of the ecosystem in which they occur, like any other organism. In some cases, a rainforest
Epiphyte
Theory concerning metabolism and observed patterns in ecology
Allen, A.P.; Ignace, D.D.; Gillooly, J.F. (1997). "Scaling metabolism from organisms to ecosystems". Nature. 423 (6940): 639–642. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..639E
Metabolic_theory_of_ecology
Island with marine research in Puerto Rico
Musielewicz, Sylvia; Sutton, Adrienne (2018-10-12). "Seasonal Net Ecosystem Metabolism of the Near-Shore Reef System in La Parguera, Puerto Rico". Biogeosciences
Isla_Magueyes
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological
Nitrogen_cycle
portal Biology portal Primary production Ecosystem respiration Biological pump Oceanic carbon cycle Lake metabolism f-ratio Biomass (ecology) Biogeochemical
Net_ecosystem_production
French ocean scientist (born 1958)
Frankignoulle, M.; Wollast, R. (1998). "Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 29 (1): 405–434
Jean-Pierre_Gattuso
Science of inland aquatic ecosystems
dark portions of an ecosystem. The balance between dissolved oxygen production and consumption is calculated as the aquatic metabolism rate. Vertical changes
Limnology
Biochemical pathways used by microbes to satisfy energy needs
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different
Microbial_metabolism
Set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system
which includes water. Recycling in natural systems is one of the many ecosystem services that sustain and contribute to the well-being of human societies
Nutrient_cycle
Travis E.; Monson, Russell K. (2017-03-25). "Climate controls over ecosystem metabolism: insights from a fifteen-year inductive artificial neural network
Niwot_Ridge
Organism living inside a rock
Rocky Mountains. The metabolism of endolithic microorganisms is versatile; genes involved in sulphur metabolism, iron metabolism and carbon fixation have
Endolith
Field of study
Laodong; Hirst, Andrew G.; Hood, Jim (2017). "Bridging Food Webs, Ecosystem Metabolism, and Biogeochemistry Using Ecological Stoichiometry Theory". Frontiers
Ecological_stoichiometry
American ecologist (born 1938)
movement of radionuclides in the environment and the carbon metabolism of forest ecosystems. From 1967 to 1981 he was co-chair of Woodlands for the International
David_Edward_Reichle
Introduced species that harms its new environment
social, and environmental threats worldwide. Invasion of long-established ecosystems by organisms is a natural phenomenon, but human-facilitated introductions
Invasive_species
Rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem
In ecology, productivity is the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem, usually expressed in units of mass per volume (unit surface) per unit of
Productivity_(ecology)
Biological process
Takaki, Yoshihiro; Nakamura, Kentaro; Takai, Ken (May 2020). "Dual energy metabolism of the Campylobacterota endosymbiont in the chemosynthetic snail Alviniconcha
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis
Hydrogen_sulfide_chemosynthesis
Material and energy turnover of human society
anthropogenic metabolism are seen through the water footprint, ecological footprint, carbon cycle, and the nitrogen cycle. Studies on the marine ecosystem that
Anthropogenic_metabolism
Red-colored seep of saltwater flowing from Taylor Glacier in Antarctica
indicated the presence of at least four gene clusters involved in secondary metabolism. Two gene clusters are related to the production of aryl polyenes, which
Blood_Falls
River in Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand
original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2008. Young, Roger. "Ecosystem metabolism in the Manawatu River". Cawthron Institute. Retrieved 15 May 2011
Manawatū_River
Holistic approach to the study of ecological systems
takes a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems. Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory
Systems_ecology
Wetland sites designated to have international importance by the Ramsar Convention
schooling Siltation Spawn Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems Stream metabolism Substrate Thermal pollution Trophic level Underwater camouflage
Ramsar_site
in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: an integrative approach to stream ecosystem metabolism. Ecological monographs, 43(4), 421-439. Corti, Roland; Datry, T.;
Vulnerable_waters
Cave in Constanța County, Romania
Black Sea coast. It is notable for its unique subterranean groundwater ecosystem abundant in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, but low in oxygen. Life
Movile_Cave
Anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid
groups (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) are key steps in cell metabolism. Phosphates are a major component of agricultural fertilizers and play
Phosphate
1926 book by Frederick Soddy
Carrying capacity Ecological market failure Ecological model of competition Ecosystem services Embodied energy Energy accounting Entropy pessimism Index of
Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt
Wealth,_Virtual_Wealth_and_Debt
Type of organism
nutrients, and they have an influence on the atmospheric chemistry and ecosystem functioning of the environment. Organisms like denitrifying bacteria,
Chemolithoautotroph
Fissure in a planet's surface from which heated water emits
vents. Wächtershäuser proposed that an early form of metabolism predated genetics. By metabolism he meant a cycle of chemical reactions that release energy
Hydrothermal_vent
International treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands
schooling Siltation Spawn Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems Stream metabolism Substrate Thermal pollution Trophic level Underwater camouflage
Ramsar_Convention
Process in plant metabolism
photosynthetic carbon cycle or C2 cycle) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP),
Photorespiration
Emission of light by a living organism
is significantly lower, as is the endogenous production of ROS through metabolism. While popular at first, Seliger's theory has been challenged, particularly
Bioluminescence
Biological process
and other planets. Chemosynthesis may have also been the first type of metabolism that evolved on Earth, leading the way for cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Philosophy calling for reduced consumption and production to achieve sustainability
availability of energy sources (see peak oil); The destabilization of Earth's ecosystems upon which all life on Earth depends (see Holocene Extinction, Anthropocene
Degrowth
plant–herbivore interactions and consequences of herbivory to ecosystems. His focus was on ecosystem metabolism. His team's research concentrates on these processes
Samuel_J._McNaughton
American ecologist (1924–2002)
terms of overall energy flow through the ecosystem as a whole. For example, when the Odums had studied the metabolism of the reef at Eniwetok Atoll, they were
Howard_T._Odum
Plastic debris suspended in water and organisms which live in it
biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems' food web interactions. Bacterial communities in the plastisphere have enhanced metabolisms. KEGG Pathway enrichment
Plastisphere
Uppermost layer of a sea water column that is exposed to sunlight
schooling Siltation Spawn Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems Stream metabolism Substrate Thermal pollution Trophic level Underwater camouflage
Photic_zone
– tissue – organ – organ system – organism – population – community – ecosystem – biosphere Approach: Reductionism – emergent property – mechanistic Biology
Outline_of_biology
Deep layer of the ocean between 4000 and 9000 meters
these conditions, many fish and other organisms developed a much slower metabolism, and require much less oxygen than those in upper zones. Many animals
Abyssal_zone
Ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body
different energy pathways are used for fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. If metabolism consists solely of lipids, the respiratory quotient is approximately 0
Respiratory_quotient
Chemical element with atomic number 19 (K)
internal root pressure required for plant growth. Potassium increases plant metabolism and uptake of carbon dioxide. Potassium is the eighth or ninth most common
Potassium
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
energy—typically from sunlight—into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. The term photosynthesis usually refers to oxygenic photosynthesis, a
Photosynthesis
Variety of genetically modified laboratory mice
feature mammoth-inspired traits which include dense woolly coats, altered metabolism and other genetic modifications aimed at cold tolerance. Colossal Biosciences
Woolly_mouse
Underwater ecosystem
A seagrass meadow or seagrass bed is an underwater ecosystem formed by seagrasses. Seagrasses are marine (saltwater) plants found in shallow coastal waters
Seagrass_meadow
Nature reserve in Lithuania
sound ecological practices. Additionally this zone is especially used for ecosystem restoration, scientific research, monitoring and education. The largest
Žuvintas_Biosphere_Reserve
Land used for grazing
organic farming. Certain pasture types suit the diet, evolution, and metabolism of particular animals. Their fertilising and tending of the land may over
Pasture
already now altering biomes, adversely affecting terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Climate change represents long-term changes in temperature and average
Effects of climate change on biomes
Effects_of_climate_change_on_biomes
Community of microorganisms in the gut
constitute another large class of gut flora which are important in the metabolism of the bacterial products of fermentation. Industrialization is associated
Gut_microbiota
Physical exercise intense enough to cause lactate formation
be used to help build endurance, muscle strength, and power. Anaerobic metabolism is a natural part of metabolic energy expenditure. Fast twitch muscles
Anaerobic_exercise
Paraphyletic infraphylum of fish
of ecological niches, with a large amount of species preferring reef ecosystems, where their flexible bodies were more at ease than the heavily armoured
Agnatha
Natural interconnection of food chains
simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that link an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of consumer–resource
Food_web
World's stock of natural resources
capital assets provide people with free goods and services, often called ecosystem services. All of these underpin our economy and society, and thus make
Natural_capital
Genus of bacteria
and CO2 used as a carbon source. Winogradsky referred to this form of metabolism as "inorgoxidation" (oxidation of inorganic compounds), today called chemolithotrophy
Beggiatoa
Matter with biological processes
units called cells, for processes such as cell signalling, homeostasis, metabolism, cell growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction. All life
Life
Organism type
process that reflects the amount of carbon that is synthesized within an ecosystem. This carbon ultimately becomes available to consumers. Net primary production
Autotroph
Living and non-living things on Earth
between living and nonliving parts) within the system is an ecosystem." The human ecosystem concept is then grounded in the deconstruction of the human/nature
Natural_environment
Beyond optimum economic growth
Carrying capacity Ecological market failure Ecological model of competition Ecosystem services Embodied energy Energy accounting Entropy pessimism Index of
Post-growth
Philosophical concept of biosphere successor via humankind's rational activities
differences in the two conceptions.[citation needed] Anthropocene Anthropogenic metabolism Anthroposphere (technosphere) Collective consciousness Culture of health
Noosphere
Ecological theory
population dynamics between apex predators and mesopredators within an ecosystem, such that a collapsing population of the former results in dramatically
Mesopredator release hypothesis
Mesopredator_release_hypothesis
Removal of any species of fish from water at a rate that the species cannot replenish
the upset of entire marine ecosystems. Types of overfishing include growth overfishing, recruitment overfishing, and ecosystem overfishing. Overfishing
Overfishing
20th-century ecologist
2012) was an ecosystem ecologist whose research primarily focused on nitrogen and eutrophication in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. He was the first
Scott_W._Nixon
Extinct genus of marine squamate reptiles
of their ecosystem, including predatory fish, ornithuran birds, sea turtles, plesiosaurs and other mosasaurs. It had an endothermic metabolism, which is
Tylosaurus
Shrub growing in brackish water
mangrove area. The International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem is celebrated every year on 26 July. Etymology of the English term mangrove
Mangrove
Marine toxin
the mode of action of the marine toxin. Not a lot is known about the metabolism and biotransformation of GYM-A. GYM-A is accumulated in shellfish, indicating
Gymnodimine
Any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot
environment of that area. Wood decay fungi are considered key species in forest ecosystems because the process of decomposing dead wood creates new habitats for
Wood-decay_fungus
Series of secondary extinctions
extinctions that are triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem. Secondary extinctions are likely to occur when the threatened species
Cascade_effect_(ecology)
Deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches
evolved adaptations to high pressure and low temperatures such as lower metabolism, intra-cellular protein-stabilising osmolytes, and unsaturated fatty acids
Hadal_zone
English radiochemist (1877–1956)
Carrying capacity Ecological market failure Ecological model of competition Ecosystem services Embodied energy Energy accounting Entropy pessimism Index of
Frederick_Soddy
and others. We should look at this business environment as a business ecosystem that both sustains, and threatens the firm. A company that is not well
Ecological model of competition
Ecological_model_of_competition
Catalan economist
distribution conflicts. The latter are hastened by an increase in social metabolism and human appropriation of nature. "In environmental struggles, reproduction
Joan_Martinez_Alier
Secondary metabolite
stereochemical configuration of catechins has a strong impact on their uptake and metabolism as uptake is highest for (−)-epicatechin and lowest for (−)-catechin.
Catechin
Anything required by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce
Pollination Seed dispersal Soil Water Animals require particular resources for metabolism and to complete their life cycle of gestation, birth, growth, and reproduction:
Resource_(biology)
South American species of aquatic plant
due to its use in home aquariums and subsequent release into non-native ecosystems. Elodea densa is an aquatic plant growing in water up to 4 m (13 ft) deep
Elodea_densa
Accumulation of plastic in natural ecosystems
plastic to enter the environment as mismanaged waste which persists in the ecosystem and travels throughout food webs. 2022 In 2022, the worldwide entry of
Plastic_pollution
Small object in marine or freshwater
schooling Siltation Spawn Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems Stream metabolism Substrate Thermal pollution Trophic level Underwater camouflage
Particle_(ecology)
invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria have been found in a variety of ecosystems, ranging from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Symbiosis
Marine_microbial_symbiosis
kinds of living things to co-exist within an ecosystem. The role of Carbon within a Terrestrial Ecosystem consists of Carbon being stored within plants
Terrestrial biological carbon cycle
Terrestrial_biological_carbon_cycle
Earth's most severe extinction event
spikes" may have been a repeating phenomenon created by the post-extinction ecosystem during the earliest Triassic. The very idea of a fungal spike has been
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems
economies and natural ecosystems, both intertemporally and spatially. By treating the economy as a subsystem of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by emphasizing
Ecological_economics
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