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Turkish ethnic subgroup from Meskheti region of Georgia
Meskhetian Turks, also referred to as Turkish Meskhetians, Ahiska Turks, and Turkish Ahiskans, (Turkish: Ahıska Türkleri; Georgian: მესხეთის თურქები,
Meskhetian_Turks
1944 ethnic cleansing of the Meskhetian Turks in the Soviet Union
14 November 1944. During the deportation, between 92,307 and 94,955 Meskhetian Turks were forcibly removed from 212 villages. They were packed into cattle
Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
Deportation_of_the_Meskhetian_Turks
Turkic ethnic group
(also referred to as Balkan Turks) historically located in the Balkans; Turkish Cypriots on the island of Cyprus, Meskhetian Turks originally based in Meskheti
Turkish_people
Ethnic group in Russia
themselves as "Turks" and 4,825 stated that they were "Meskhetian Turks"; hence, the census showed that there was a total of 109,883 Turks living in the
Turks_in_Russia
Ethnic group in Azerbaijan
between Meskhetian Turks and Turks from Turkey who have become Azerbaijani citizens, both groups are classified in the official census as "Turks" or "Azerbaijani"
Turks_in_Azerbaijan
1989 massacre in Uzbekistan
after riots broke out between the Meskhetian Turks exiled in Uzbekistan and the native Uzbeks. Hundreds of Meskhetian Turks were killed or injured, around
1989_Fergana_pogroms
Communities of Turks outside Turkey
the Meskhetian Turks have a large diaspora in Central Asia; and Algerian Turks and Tunisian Turks have mostly settled in France. Since Bulgarian Turks and
Turkish_diaspora
Ethnic group
(Bulgarian Turks), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian Turks), Cyprus (Meskhetian Turks), Greece (Cretan Turks, Dodecanese Turks, and Western Thrace Turks), Kosovo
Turks_in_Europe
Ethnic Turks living in Kazakhstan
Meskhetian Turks. The First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union in 1926 recorded 8,570 Ottoman Turks living in the Soviet Union. The Ottoman Turks are
Turks_in_Kazakhstan
Historical Region in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia
Union. There are 500,000 to 700,000 Meskhetian Turks in exile in Azerbaijan and Central Asia. Most Meskhetian Turks are Sunni Muslims. History of Georgia
Meskheti
Ethnographic subgroup of Georgians
to 25 October 2012. Meskhetian Turks Samtskhe–Javakheti Meskheti Georgian census, 2014 "East of Center » Archive » Meskhetian Turks Bouncing From Exile
Meskhetians
Ethnic group in Ukraine
there has been modern migration to the country largely formed of Meskhetian Turks, followed by immigrants from Turkey and Turkish communities from other
Turks_in_Ukraine
Crimean Tatars, Chechens, Ingush, Karachays, Kalmyks, Koreans and Meskhetian Turks, with those who survived the collective deportation to Siberia or Central
Racism_in_the_Soviet_Union
Transfer and deportation of people in the Soviet Union
(1929–1931 and 1935–1939), Kalmyks, Balkars, Italians of Crimea, Karachays, Meskhetian Turks, Karapapakhs, and Far East Koreans (1937), Poles (1939–1941 and 1944–1945)
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union
Western Turkic people
Turkmen Turks in Abkhazia Meskhetian Turks Cyprus Cypriot Turks Turks in Bosnia Bulgarian Turks Turks in Croatia Dodecanese Turks Kosovan Turks Macedonian
Oghuz_Turks
Turkish people in Uzbekistan
Turks of the region had been loyal to the Ottoman Empire and were therefore likely to be hostile to Soviet intentions. In 1944, the Meskhetian Turks were
Turks_in_Uzbekistan
Americans of Turkish birth or descent
especially from the Turkish Meskhetian diaspora in Eastern Europe (e.g. from Krasnodar Krai in Russia) and "Euro-Turks" from Central and Western Europe
Turkish_Americans
Muslim Megleno-Romanians live in Turkey. There is a community of Meskhetian Turks (Ahiska Turks) in Turkey. Ossetians emigrated from North Ossetia since the
Minorities_in_Turkey
Turkic ethnic group
applied to all Turkic-speaking Muslims in Transcaucasia, from the Meskhetian Turks in southwestern Georgia, to the Terekemes of southern Dagestan, as
Azerbaijanis
there triggering an evacuation of Meskhetian Turks from Uzbekistan.[dubious – discuss] About 46,000 Meskheti Turk refugees had resettled in Azerbaijan
Refugees_in_Azerbaijan
Hostility, fear or intolerance against Turkish peoples
clashes between Turks and Uzbeks. Some 700 houses were destroyed, and more than 90,000 Meskhetian Turks were driven out of Uzbekistan. Many Turks see these
Anti-Turkish_sentiment
Conflict between Russians and Caucasians
disrupted regional demographics. In 1944, under Stalin’s orders, the Meskhetian Turks,[citation needed] a Muslim minority, were forcibly deported from Georgia
Russo-Caucasian_conflict
Ethnic group
security reasons. The decree made provision for the relocation of Meskhetian Turks, Kurds, Hamsheni Armenians and "others", though the latter category
Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia
Ethnic Turks of Kyrgyzstan
500 Meskhetian Turks registered in the 1989 Soviet census, there were 21,294 Turks in Kyrgyzstan. Turks in Kyrgyzstan are often called Fergana Turks due
Turks_in_Kyrgyzstan
World population of ethnic Turkish people
ethnic Turks from other traditional areas of Turkish settlement have emigrated mostly due to political reasons. For example, the Meskhetian Turks were deported
Turkish_population
1943 forced resettlement of the Kalmyk minority within the Soviet Union
Chechens, the Ingush, the Balkars, the Karachays, the Crimean Tatars, the Meskhetian Turks, and the Kalmyks. Approximately 650,000 people were deported from the
Deportation_of_the_Kalmyks
1944 Soviet ethnic cleansing and genocide
three groups were forced to stay in exile: the Soviet Germans, the Meskhetian Turks, and the Crimean Tatars. In 1954, Khrushchev allowed Crimea to be included
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars
Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars
Method of political repression in the Soviet Union
allowed to return to their homelands, except for the Crimean Tatars and Meskhetian Turks, who were denied the right of return in the Khrushchev and Brezhnev
Special settlements in the Soviet Union
Special_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union
Overview of genocides from 1914 to 1945
Turkish state, a policy which was implemented and advanced by the Young Turks. This joint statement stated, "[i]n view of these new crimes of Turkey against
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)
Country in Eastern Europe and West Asia
Georgians left Abkhazia after the breakout of hostilities in 1993. Of the Meskhetian Turks who were forcibly relocated in 1944, only a tiny fraction returned
Georgia_(country)
Turkic language
Greece, and European Turkey, who speak Balkan Gagauz Turkish. The Meskhetian Turks who live in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Russia as well as in several
Turkish_language
English-American novelist and broadcaster
population decline, the growing AIDS epidemic, and the persecution of the Meskhetian Turks. During interviews, he revealed that he is able to speak basic Russian
Marcel_Theroux
Region (mkhare) of Georgia
Uyezd (corresponding to Meskheti or Samtskhe) had a population of: Meskhetian Turks - 49,170 (50.7%) Georgians - 24,353 (25.1%) Armenians - 15,565 (16
Samtskhe–Javakheti
Turkic tribe and people
Soviet Union were deported en masse to Soviet Central Asia, along with Meskhetian Turks, Kurds and others of the Georgian SSR. According to Olson et al., which
Karapapakhs
The Meskhetian Turks speak an Eastern Anatolian dialect of Turkish, which hails from the regions of Kars, Ardahan, Iğdır and Artvin. The Meskhetian Turkish
Turkish_dialects
Turkish actress (born 1982)
she played in mini historical series Büyük Sürgün Kafkasya about Meskhetian Turks and in third season of military series Söz which nominated International
Melis_Birkan
English essay
The Turks in Abkhazia, also known as Abkhazian Turks, (Turkish: Abhazya Türkleri) are people of Turkish ancestry who have had a thriving presence in Abkhazia
Turks_in_Abkhazia
Turkic-speaking Greek Orthodox group
Meskhetian-Ahiska Turks, an Eastern Anatolian dialect of Turkish, which hails from the regions of Kars, Ardahan, and Artvin. The Turkish Meskhetian-Ahiska
Urums
Descendants of Ottoman-Turkish settlers living outside of the modern borders of Turkey
Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006), "Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettlement Experiences"
Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire
Turkish_communities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire
destroyed and more than 60,000 Meskhetian Turks were driven out of Uzbekistan. The events of 1989 are considered by the Turks as their second deportation
Turks in the former Soviet Union
Turks_in_the_former_Soviet_Union
(including Besermyan 1939–1989) (including Komi-Permyak in 1939) (including Meskhetian Turks from 1926–1989) (in the Adyghe group from 1926–1939) (including Shapsugs
Ethnic_groups_in_Russia
regions of Russia Meskhetian Turks were automatically granted Russian citizenship, in Krasnodar Krai some 15,000 Meskhetian Turks were deprived of any
Human_rights_in_Russia
Ethnic cleansing in the Soviet Union
Greek Operation of the NKVD Operation Golden Fleece Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin List of ethnic
Deportation of the Soviet Greeks
Deportation_of_the_Soviet_Greeks
Soviet forced displacement (1937–44)
Siberia, and were resettled there, as part of the deportation of the Meskhetian Turks, when 8,694 Kurds were deported. Most adult males were deported separately
Deportations of Kurds from Transcaucasia
Deportations_of_Kurds_from_Transcaucasia
District and municipality in Erzurum, Turkey
majority of the district is populated by Turks and a small minority by Kurds. There is also a presence of Meskhetian Turks and Karapapakhs. Kandilli Ski Resort
Aşkale
Underground publications in the Soviet bloc
cultural-literary information. Crimean Tatars, Volga Germans, and Meskhetian Turks also created samizdat literature, protesting the state's refusal to
Samizdat
p. 79. Jaoshvili (1984), p. 112. Including 56,110 Meskhetian Turks Including 87,987 Meskhetian Turks Data extracted from Georgia Statistics. Retrieved
Demographics of Georgia (country)
Demographics_of_Georgia_(country)
Place in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia
Perpetual Deportation of the Ahıska Turks". Genocide Watch. 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2022-02-15. "Meskhetian Turks Return to Lost Homeland in Georgia".
Akhaltsikhe_Municipality
Bilateral relations
several thousand ethnic Georgians in Turkey and a smaller number of Turks (Meskhetian Turks) resident in Georgia. Due to centuries-old historical and cultural
Georgia–Turkey_relations
Country in Central Asia
decreased from 35,000 in 1974 to about 12,000 in 2004. The majority of Meskhetian Turks left the country after the pogrom in the Fergana valley in June 1989
Uzbekistan
Topics referred to by the same term
former province of Georgia located within Moschia Meskhetians, people from Meskheti Meskhetian Turks, the former Muslim inhabitants of Meskheti, which
Moschi
Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Crimea
their request for autonomy and return, pogroms against the deported Meskhetian Turks were taking place in Central Asia. During the pogroms, some Crimean
Crimean_Tatars
1937 forced transfer to Central Asia
Deportation of the Kalmyks Deportation of the Karachays Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks Internment of German Americans Internment of Italian Americans Internment
Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union
Deportation_of_Koreans_in_the_Soviet_Union
TRANSFER: The Tragedy of the Meskhetian Turks". Cultural Survival. March 1992. Laber, Jeri (1987). Destroying Ethnic Identity: The Turks of Bulgaria. Human Rights
List of massacres of Turkish people
List_of_massacres_of_Turkish_people
This article is a list of Heroes of the Soviet Union of North Caucasian origin. Lado Davydov Sergey Sarkhoshev Kadi Abakarov Magomed-Zagid Abdulmanapov [ru]
List of North Caucasian Heroes of the Soviet Union
List_of_North_Caucasian_Heroes_of_the_Soviet_Union
Region spanning Europe and Asia
around 480,000 Chechens and Ingush, 120,000 Karachay–Balkars and Meskhetian Turks, thousands of Kalmyks, and 200,000 Kurds in Nakchivan and Caucasus
Caucasus
nationalists attacked Meskhetian Turkish minority causing Fergana Valley massacre. 112 people were killed, 1032 injured, 17,000 Meskhetian Turks were evacuated
List of ethnic cleansing campaigns
List_of_ethnic_cleansing_campaigns
are also Sunni, but are largely Sufis of the Naqshbandi order. The Meskhetian Turks, also a Sunni Hanafi group, are the former inhabitants of the Meskheti
Islam_in_Georgia_(country)
Municipality in Erzincan Province, Turkey
Yazıcıoğlu, Oruçlu, Pirisami, Terzibaba, Üçler, Yavuz Selim and Yunusemre. Meskhetian Turks from Ukraine were settled in the town in 2016. Altıntepe fortress,
Üzümlü
Crimean, Galician, Mennonite, Volhynian, and Zipser Germans; as well as Meskhetian Turks, Bessarabian Bulgarians, Hollenders and the Romanian-speaking Vlachs/Volokhs
Minorities_in_Ukraine
Place in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia
Perpetual Deportation of the Ahıska Turks". Genocide Watch. 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2022-02-15. "Meskhetian Turks Return to Lost Homeland in Georgia".
Aspindza_Municipality
Tatars, the Chechens, the Ingush, the Balkars, the Karachays, and the Meskhetian Turks. The Soviet deportation campaign resulted in a massive loss of life
Islam_in_the_Soviet_Union
Turkic language family: Kipchaks: Kumyks Balkars Karachays Nogais Meskhetian Turks Oghuz Turks: Azerbaijanis Karapapakhs The largest of the Turkic-speaking
Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus
Village in Ardahan Province, Turkey
Turkey. Its population is 48 (2021). The village is populated by Meskhetian Turks. Köy Archived 2023-03-06 at the Wayback Machine, Turkey Civil Administration
Akballı,_Posof
Ethnographic group of Armenians
in Georgia and Krasnodar and some Hamshentsi elements amongst the Meskhetian Turks. Two major developments in the Hemshin region during the Ottoman era:
Hemshin_people
1943 Soviet ethnic cleansing and genocide
Chechens, the Ingush, the Balkars, the Karachays, the Crimean Tatars, the Meskhetian Turks and the Kalmyks. Approximately 650,000 people were deported from the
Deportation_of_the_Karachays
Nomadic peoples in the Georgian kingdom
descendants of the above-mentioned king of Kubasars, are an example. The Meskhetian Turks, a large Muslim community deported from Georgia under the Soviet dictator
Kipchaks_in_Georgia
Place in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia
Perpetual Deportation of the Ahıska Turks". Genocide Watch. 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2022-02-15. "Meskhetian Turks Return to Lost Homeland in Georgia".
Adigeni_Municipality
Historical region
became Muslim, the process is also known as Turkification of Meskhetians (then Meskhetian Turks). In the first third of the 19th century, following the Russo-Persian
Javakheti
Period of Poles Repatriation
Kumyks Kurds from Transcaucasia Latvians NKVD operation Lithuanians Meskhetian Turks Poles NKVD operation 1944–1946 1955–1959 Polish and Soviet Jews Between
Repatriation of Poles (1955–1959)
Repatriation_of_Poles_(1955–1959)
Region of Georgia
Michailovich (1995). "People with Nowhere To Go: The Plight of the Meskhetian Turks". After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Politics in the Commonwealth
Adjara
Ethnic group from the South Caucasus
Georgian Laz, Hemshin people, Meskhetian Turks, Kakhetian Georgians, Adjarian Georgians, Pontic Greeks, Kartlian Georgians, Turks from Trabzon, Imeretian Georgians
Laz_people
Turks still living in the Balkans (especially in Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Dobruja), and approximately 400,000 Meskhetian Turks in
Islam_in_Europe
1992 mass killing of Azerbaijanis during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
including women and children. She described how she saw a large crowd of Meskhetian Turks from Khojaly who were led to captivity by the Armenian militants and
Khojaly_massacre
Oblast (region) of Ukraine
census (2001): Ukrainians – 82.0% Russians – 14.1% Belarusians – 0.7% Meskhetian Turks – 0.5% Crimean Tatars – 0.5% Others – 2.2% Age structure 0–14 years:
Kherson_Oblast
Law enforcement agency
the Chechens and Ingush in 1944 — 496,000 people Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks in 1944 — 115,000 people Deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944
Internal troops of the Soviet Union
Internal_troops_of_the_Soviet_Union
Ethnic group in Japan and Russia
Lithuanians Meskhetian Turks Moldovans Mountain Jews Mugat Kola Norwegians Pamiris Poles Roma Ruska Roma Rusyns Serbs Swiss Ural Swedes Turks Udis Ukrainians
Ainu_people
Ethnographic group of Georgians
Michailovich (1995). "People with Nowhere To Go: The Plight of the Meskhetian Turks". After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Politics in the Commonwealth
Adjarians
Turks were living in the Balkans in 2019 (especially in Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Romania), and approximately 400,000 Meskhetian
Ethnic_groups_in_Europe
Country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Azerbaijanis, Dungans, Turks, Koreans, Poles, and Lithuanians. Some minorities such as Ukrainians, Koreans, Volga Germans, Chechens, Meskhetian Turks, and Russian
Kazakhstan
Post WWII resettlement
Kumyks Kurds from Transcaucasia Latvians NKVD operation Lithuanians Meskhetian Turks Poles NKVD operation 1944–1946 1955–1959 Polish and Soviet Jews Between
Polish population transfers in 1944–1946
Polish_population_transfers_in_1944–1946
Village in Ardahan Province, Turkey
Turkey. Its population is 914 (2021). The village is populated by Meskhetian Turks. It was formerly populated by Molokans. Köy, Turkey Civil Administration
Sulakyurt,_Ardahan
First President of Georgia (1991–92)
Center. 20 September 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2026. Edwards, Maxim. "Meskhetian Turks from Ukraine Find a New Home in Turkey | Eurasianet". Eurasianet. Retrieved
Zviad_Gamsakhurdia
Valley in Central Asia
years. Barak Fergana massacre Great Fergana Canal Kayragach Kipchaks Meskhetian Turks Mount Imeon Pamir Mountains Shohimardon Silk Road Vorukh Yaghnob Valley
Fergana_Valley
Ethnic cleansing and genocide in the Soviet Union
resolved. Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks Deportation of the Crimean Tatars Deportation of the Kalmyks Deportation
Deportation_of_the_Balkars
Turkish actor
category. He played in Büyük Sürgün Kafkasya mini historical series about Meskhetian Turks. He had guest role in surreal crime series Yarım Kalan Aşklar . Sarıtaş
Tolga_Sarıtaş
Kumyks Kurds from Transcaucasia Latvians NKVD operation Lithuanians Meskhetian Turks Poles NKVD operation 1944–1946 1955–1959 Polish and Soviet Jews Between
De-Tatarization_of_Crimea
Armenia (as refugees), Russia and the rest of the former Soviet Union. Meskhetian Turks were also relocated to Azerbaijan from Central Asia before and after
Immigration_to_Azerbaijan
Diaspora of people with Asian heritage
the Meskhetian Turks have a large diaspora in Central Asia; and Algerian Turks and Tunisian Turks have mostly settled in France. Since Bulgarian Turks and
Asian_diaspora
Ethnic group
Lithuanians Meskhetian Turks Moldovans Mountain Jews Mugat Kola Norwegians Pamiris Poles Roma Ruska Roma Rusyns Serbs Swiss Ural Swedes Turks Udis Ukrainians
Chuvans
The history of the Kurdish people during the Second World War
694 people and was part of the much larger forced resettlement of Meskhetian Turks. The Soviets believed that the Kurds alongside others in that region
Kurds_in_World_War_II
City in central Azerbaijan
14–29. Population 85,800 Azerbaijanis 68.652 (99.7%) [citation needed] Meskhetian Turks 207 (0.3%) [citation needed] The city's residents include: historian
Şirvan,_Azerbaijan
Ethnic group in Transcaucasia
live in Artvin, Rize, Ardahan and Kars and identify themselves as Meskhetian Turks, hiding their Lom origins, while taking Armenian words from their contact
Lom_people
Ottoman Muslims who immigrated to Anatolia
total immigration figures to nearly 10 million people. More recently, Meskhetian Turks have immigrated to Turkey from former Soviet Union states (particularly
Muhacir
Soviet idiom for ethnicity
representatives of such peoples as Jews, Germans, Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Meskhetian Turks, etc. were subjected to constant, unspoken oppression in terms of hiring
Fifth_line
Series of exoduses in the aftermath of World War II
Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Karachays, and Meskhetian Turks by Soviet Union to Central Asia and Siberia. 1943 to 1944: The ethnic
World War II evacuation and expulsion
World_War_II_evacuation_and_expulsion
the Volga Germans, Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Crimean Tatars, and Meskhetian Turks. Though these groups were later politically "rehabilitated", some were
History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)
History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1927–1953)
Organization
“IVDK”-International Union of German Culture (2004), International Society of Meskhetian Turks (1996), International Union of Greek Societies of CIS Pontos (2002)
Federal Union of European Nationalities
Federal_Union_of_European_Nationalities
Russian politician
commentators interpret his remarks as racist, particularly against the Meskhetian Turks. Tkachyov has vowed to drive "the aliens and dissenters" out of his
Alexander Tkachov (politician)
Alexander_Tkachov_(politician)
Belarusian Telegram channel
that these men were most likely Meskhetian Turks (Ahiska Turks). Euronews spoke to a representative of Ahiska Turks abroad who confirmed that the men
Nexta
travel, tourism, insurance
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
Female
Irish
From the Italian city name, Loreto, LORETO means "laurel wood." The city has been a Catholic place of pilgrimage since the 14th century, for it is where the Shrine of the Holy House is. According to legend, after the fall of Jerusalem, a basilica was erected over the Virgin Mary's house. After a threat of destruction by the Turks, angels carried the house from Nazareth to Tersatto, Croatia, then across the Adriatic to a forest near Recantai, and finally to Loreto. In use by the English and Irish.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Gloucestershire), Dutch, and German (also Türk)
English (mainly Gloucestershire), Dutch, and German (also Türk) : from Middle English, Old French turc, Middle High and Low German Turc ‘Turk’, from Turkish türk. In theory this could be an ethnic name but, both in England and northwest Europe, it is generally a nickname for a person with black hair and a swarthy complexion or a cruel, rowdy, or unruly person. The Dutch and German surname also represents a house name, derived from the use of a picture of a Turk as a house sign. It is also found as a nickname for someone who had taken part in the wars against the Turks.English : from a medieval personal name, a back-formation from Turkel, misanalyzed as containing the Old French diminutive suffix -el.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Tuirc, a patronymic from the byname Torc ‘boar’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ethnic name denoting someone from Turkey or anywhere in the Ottoman Empire, or a nickname for someone thought to resemble a Turk.Americanized form of the Greek ethnic name Tourkos ‘Turk’. See also Turco.
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
MESKHETIAN TURKS
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