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Postulate in formal semantics
In formal semantics and philosophy of language, a meaning postulate is a postulate used to express lexical relations between terms, in cases where such
Meaning_postulate
Statement that is taken to be true
An axiom, postulate, or assumption, is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments
Axiom
Sense or significance of an entity
among their meaning contents are fixed by meaning postulates. Theories of meaning seek to identify the nature, sources, and functions of meaning, typically
Meaning_(philosophy)
Mathematical model of the physical space
intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these. One of those is the parallel postulate which relates to parallel
Euclidean_geometry
German philosopher (1788–1860)
evident in his criticism of contemporaneous attempts to prove the parallel postulate in Euclidean geometry. Writing shortly before the discovery of hyperbolic
Arthur_Schopenhauer
Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained
conventionally termed a "ray". Accompanying Postulate I is the composite system postulate: Composite system postulate The Hilbert space of a composite system
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
Modern formulation of Euclid's parallel postulate
axiom is an axiom that can be used instead of the fifth postulate of Euclid (the parallel postulate): In a plane, given a line and a point not on it, at
Playfair's_axiom
1953 work by Ludwig Wittgenstein
is no need to postulate that there is something called good that exists independently of any good deed. Wittgenstein's theory of meaning contrasts with
Philosophical_Investigations
Indian film by Shauna Gautam
certain serious themes, "its tone being steadfastly glib, its well-meaning postulations do not quite hit home". Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com reviewed, "Recycling
Nadaaniyan
Axioms for the natural numbers
(/piˈɑːnoʊ/; [peˈaːno]), also known as the Dedekind–Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are axioms for the natural numbers presented by the 19th-century Italian
Peano_axioms
Concept in physics
from principles now called the postulates of special relativity. Einstein's formulation only requires two postulates, though his derivation implies a
Postulates of special relativity
Postulates_of_special_relativity
Semantics concept
The mentalist postulate is the thesis that meaning in natural language is an information structure that is mentally encoded by human beings. It is a basic
Mentalist_postulate
Two geometries based on axioms closely related to those specifying Euclidean geometry
nature of parallel lines. Euclid's fifth postulate, the parallel postulate, is equivalent to Playfair's postulate, which states that, within a two-dimensional
Non-Euclidean_geometry
Philosophical doctrine
level and fails to explain how meaning, values and intentionality can arise from that. Radical empiricism is a postulate, a statement of fact, and a conclusion
Radical_empiricism
Philosophical doctrine
known as the verification principle or the verifiability criterion of meaning, is a doctrine in philosophy which asserts that a statement is cognitively
Verificationism
Reasoning that is rationally compelling, though not deductively valid
(or on what authority) the conditional is adopted: Deductive (from meaning postulate or axiom): if p then q (equivalent to q or not-p in classical logic
Defeasible_reasoning
90° angle (π/2 radians)
angles are called complementary if their sum is a right angle. Book 1 Postulate 4 states that all right angles are equal, which allows Euclid to use a
Right_angle
Overview of and topical guide to thought
(abducibly) q as cause Deductive reasoning – Form of reasoning – from meaning postulate, axiom, or contingent assertion: if p then q (i.e., q or not-p) Inductive
Outline_of_thought
Study of geometries as axiomatic systems
Ruler Postulate, the Ruler Placement Postulate, the Plane Separation Postulate, the Angle Addition Postulate, the Side angle side (SAS) Postulate, the
Foundations_of_geometry
Process by which a quantum system takes on a definitive state
proposed a model of quantum mechanics that dropped von Neumann's first postulate. Everett observed that the measurement apparatus was also a quantum system
Wave_function_collapse
Set of distinct concepts or thought patterns
research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern".
Paradigm
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance. The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance). In
Special_relativity
Traditions of human transformation aided by religious experiences
Theravada does not acknowledge the existence of a theistic Absolute, it does postulate Nirvana as a transcendent reality which may be attained. It further stresses
Mysticism
Relationship between two figures of the same shape and size, or mirroring each other
sides are equal in length, then the triangles are congruent. The ASA postulate is attributed to Thales of Miletus. In most systems of axioms, the three
Congruence_(geometry)
Mathematical treatise by Euclid
Theaetetus, the Elements is a collection in 13 books of definitions, postulates, geometric constructions, and theorems with their proofs that covers plane
Euclid's_Elements
Property of geometry, also used to generalize the notion of "distance" in metric spaces
π/2, meaning the other base angle of the isosceles triangle also is greater than π/2 and their sum exceeds π in violation of the triangle postulate). This
Triangle_inequality
Postulate in particle physics
Postulate in particle physics
One-electron_universe
Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (1875–1961)
conceptions of history and the psychology of pre-modern cultures. This theory postulated various stages that human cultures go through from hunter-gathering to
Carl_Jung
Physics of many interacting particles
found in many textbooks is to take the equal a priori probability postulate. This postulate states that For an isolated system with an exactly known energy
Statistical_mechanics
2009 short story by Andy Weir
affirmation – Concept in Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy One-electron universe – Postulate in particle physics Open individualism – Theory of personal identity Original
The_Egg_(Weir_short_story)
Cosmological dualism in Chinese philosophy
bottom of the foot without the top). A way to illustrate this idea is to postulate the notion of a race with only women or only men; this race would disappear
Yin_and_yang
Hindu philosophical term for the perceiving self as ''atman''
of consciousness (waking, dreaming, and dreamless deep sleep). It is postulated in several Upanishads and explicated in Gaudapada's Mandukya Karika. Turiya
Turiya
Meat stew from South Asia
well as chicken and bone marrow. The two most common theories of origin postulate that nihari originated in the Indian subcontinent during the era of Mughal
Nihari
Principle in neuroscience
initial statements led to some confusion in the literature about the precise meaning of the principle. Nicoll and Malenka, for example, understood it to state
Dale's_principle
Relation between sides of a right triangle
requires the triangle postulate: The sum of the angles in a triangle is two right angles, and is equivalent to the parallel postulate. Similarity of the
Pythagorean_theorem
Ancient Greek mathematician (fl. 300 BC)
5th postulate, usually from mathematicians attempting to prove the postulate—which would make it different from the other, unprovable, four postulates. Much
Euclid
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
copes with experiment better than classical mechanics. For instance, postulate 2 explains the results of the Michelson–Morley experiment. Moreover, the
Theory_of_relativity
Concept in cosmology
In relativistic cosmology, Weyl's postulate stipulates that in the Friedmann model of the universe (a fluid cosmological model), the world lines of fluid
Weyl's_postulate
Natural number
In Giuseppe Peano's original formulation of the Peano axioms, a set of postulates to define the natural numbers in a precise and logical way, 1 was treated
1
Speed of electromagnetic waves
throughout spacetime, meaning that they do not depend on location and do not vary with time. However, some theories of cosmology postulate a speed of light
Speed_of_light
1980 single by the Beat
World War by the Australian-born British soldier John Hackett, where "he postulated that the first nuclear bomb would go off above Winson Green Prison", which
Stand_Down_Margaret
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
characterization of an isolated physical system. The equation was postulated by Schrödinger based on a postulate of Louis de Broglie that all matter has an associated
Schrödinger_equation
Basis for Euclidean geometry
a line lies in a plane) A ∗ B ∗ C {\displaystyle A*B*C} — betweenness, meaning that B {\displaystyle B} is between A {\displaystyle A} and C {\displaystyle
Hilbert's_axioms
The postulate was a response to the debate among sociologists – mainly between Kenneth J. Gergen and Barry R. Schlenker – revolving around the meaning of
Thorngate's postulate of commensurate complexity
Thorngate's_postulate_of_commensurate_complexity
Physical constant for the strength of gravity induced by a mass
calculated in his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica where it postulates the inverse-square law of gravitation. In the Principia, Newton considered
Gravitational_constant
British linguist (1936–2014)
maxims to be unconstrained (in defiance of Occam's Razor), and for his postulation of an "absolute politeness" which does not vary according to situation
Geoffrey_Leech
Strong, positive emotional/mental states
is one of the most common themes in the creative arts. Love has been postulated to be a function that keeps human beings together against menaces and
Love
Branch of mathematics
Einstein's general relativity postulation that the universe is curved. Differential geometry can either be intrinsic (meaning that the spaces it considers
Geometry
of physical principles, ranging from Maxwell's equations to Einstein's postulates of special relativity, and mathematical tools, spanning from elementary
Derivations of the Lorentz transformations
Derivations_of_the_Lorentz_transformations
Moral virtue and practice
These principles should uniformly adhere to sound logical axioms or postulates. A person has ethical integrity to the extent that the person's actions
Integrity
Ultimate concerns of human existence
Republic in which Plato explored the question "what is justice?" and postulated that it is not primarily a matter among individuals but of society as
Human_condition
2016 book by Ted Kaczynski
perverted. Postulate 4. Every radical movement that acquires great power becomes corrupt, at the latest, when its original leaders (meaning those who joined
Anti-Tech_Revolution
Persian polymath and poet (1048–1131)
min muṣādarāt kitāb Uqlīdis (Explanations of the difficulties in the postulates of Euclid). As an astronomer, he calculated the duration of the solar
Omar_Khayyam
Parable illustrating ontological reasoning
Galdone. In the title cartoon of one of his books, cartoonist Sam Gross postulated that one of the blind men, encountering a pile of the elephant feces,
Blind_men_and_an_elephant
Biblical character
although some redaction-critical studies of Hosea since the 1980s have postulated that the theological and literary unity was created by editors, and scholars
Hosea
Colloquial expression
the dog that inflicted the bite." This idea exists today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. An early example of modern usage (poil de ce
Hair_of_the_dog
Practice of supernatural beings and forces
terms 'religion' and 'magic' in a functional sense is disputed. It is a postulate of modern anthropology, at least since early 1930s, that there is complete
Magic_(supernatural)
Movement in Western philosophy
interconnected in meaning via a deductive interpretative framework, referred to as correspondence rules. Early in his research, Carnap postulated that correspondence
Logical_positivism
Document of human rights by the United Nations
to the culture from which they derive so that any attempt to formulate postulates that grow out of the beliefs or moral codes of one culture must to that
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights
Global conflict from 1939 to 1945
Eberhardt, Piotr (2015). "The Oder-Neisse Line as Poland's western border: As postulated and made a reality". Geographia Polonica. 88 (1): 77–105. doi:10.7163/GPol
World_War_II
Conspiracy theory regarding a totalitarian world government
readers would have interpreted "international bankers" as a reference to a postulated "international Jewish banking conspiracy" masterminded by the Rothschild
New World Order conspiracy theory
New_World_Order_conspiracy_theory
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
contagious before medical science discovers its causative agent. Koch's postulates, which were published at the end of the 19th century, were the standard
Contagious_disease
Framework of distances and directions
Euclid's Elements contained five postulates that form the basis for Euclidean geometry. One of these, the parallel postulate, has been the subject of debate
Space
Legendary ancestral home of the Aztec
"Aztec" was derived from the Classical Nahuatl aztecah (sing. aztecatl), meaning "people from Aztlán." Aztlán is mentioned in several ethnohistorical sources
Aztlán
Monuments erected by early Scottish tribes
approach, postulating the identification of the pagan "pre-Christian Celtic Cult of the Archer Guardian", have suggested possible clausal meanings for symbol
Pictish_stone
Type of non-Euclidean geometry
Bolyai–Lobachevskian geometry) is a non-Euclidean geometry. The parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry is replaced with: For any given line R and point
Hyperbolic_geometry
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
ψ(L)=0=Csin(kL), in which C cannot be zero as this would conflict with the postulate that ψ has norm 1. Therefore, since sin(kL)=0, kL must be an integer
Quantum_mechanics
Classical element
propagation of light and gravity. In the late 19th century, physicists postulated that aether permeated space, providing a medium through which light could
Aether_(classical_element)
Psychological concept
traditional classes of theories explain the recency effect. These models postulate that study items listed last are retrieved from a highly accessible short-term
Serial-position_effect
Fact that observing a situation changes it
involved quantities, derived from Niels Bohr's 1928 paper "The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory", is given by the following
Observer_effect_(physics)
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
gravitational waves cannot exist in the Newtonian theory of gravitation, which postulates that the physical interactions of gravity propagate at infinite speed
Albert_Einstein
Etymology of the name Australia
derived from the Latin australis, meaning 'southern', and specifically from the hypothetical Terra Australis postulated in pre-modern geography. The name
Name_of_Australia
Prevailing theory about diseases
cholera violating the first postulate. For this same reason, the third postulate specifies "should", rather than "must", because not all host organisms
Germ_theory_of_disease
Anxiety caused by thoughts of death
the meaning and reason for survival. The natural instinct for survival is instilled in every human being for fear of extinction. MMT postulates that
Death_anxiety
English playwright and poet (1564–1616)
published a short story in The Strand Magazine, "Proofs of Holy Writ", postulating that Shakespeare had helped to polish the prose of the King James Bible
William_Shakespeare
Island country in Southeast Asia
encountered the beast. The second hypothesis, drawn from Portuguese sources, postulates that this mythical story is based on the real life Parameswara of Palembang
Singapore
Head of the Catholic Church since 2025
Leo's pectoral cross was one he wore during the conclave, a gift from the Postulator General of the Augustinian Order when he became a cardinal, containing
Pope_Leo_XIV
Legendary people
speculated to have lived in the Horn of Africa. They were one of the peoples postulated by the Greeks to exist at the extremity of the known world; in this case
Macrobians
Figure formed by two rays meeting at a common point
half the full angle was attributed the value of 180. The angle addition postulate states that if D is a point lying in the interior of ∠BAC then: m∠BAC=m∠BAD+m∠DAC
Angle
In mathematics, a statement that has been proven
the meaning of a word or a phrase in terms of known concepts. Classical geometry discerns between axioms, which are general statements; and postulates, which
Theorem
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)
a model of psychic structure comprising id, ego, and superego. Freud postulated the existence of libido (sexualised psychic energy), with which mental
Sigmund_Freud
Function in thermodynamics and statistical physics
particular microstate, i, with energy Ei. According to the fundamental postulate of statistical mechanics (which states that all attainable microstates
Partition function (statistical mechanics)
Partition_function_(statistical_mechanics)
Mathematical term; concerning axioms used to derive theorems
In Ancient Greek logic, a contrast between axioms and postulates was recognised ("postulate" being, however, an English term taken from medieval Latin)
Axiomatic_system
Form of silent mantra meditation
program. With the introduction of the TM-Sidhi program in 1976, it was postulated that a group of people practising the TM-Sidhi program twice a day, together
Transcendental Meditation technique
Transcendental_Meditation_technique
Mathematical concept
infinite". There is a similar controversy concerning Euclid's parallel postulate, sometimes translated: If a straight line falling across two [other] straight
Infinity
Fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
can include natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics. The term worldview is a calque
Worldview
1995 US criminal trial
aggregate likelihood ratio for the two categories was as high as 1316, meaning the evidence was over a thousand times more likely if Simpson were guilty
Murder_trial_of_O._J._Simpson
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
classicist), "In recent years [as of 2004], 'no serious scholar has ventured to postulate the non historicity of Jesus' or at any rate very few, and they have not
Jesus
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
configuration at all times. The Born rule in de Broglie–Bohm theory is not a postulate. Rather, in this theory, the link between the probability density and
De_Broglie–Bohm_theory
Mathematical model combining space and time
Lorentz's theory of electrons in order to bring it into accordance with the postulate of relativity. While discussing various hypotheses on Lorentz invariant
Spacetime
Political theory that examines coalitions, political survival and economy in democracy
public and private goods. For countries with large winning coalitions, meaning democracies, leaders spend more on public goods such as infrastructure
Selectorate_theory
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
correlation-inducing interaction, between observer and object, without using a collapse postulate, and models observers as ordinary quantum-mechanical systems. This stands
Many-worlds_interpretation
Large geographical region identified by convention
idea of continental drift gained recognition in the 20th century. It postulates that the current continents formed from the breaking up of a supercontinent
Continent
Physics principle that simultaneity depends on choice of reference frame
conventional nature of simultaneity and who argued that it is convenient to postulate the constancy of the speed of light in all directions. However, this paper
Relativity_of_simultaneity
Russian novelist and philosopher (1821–1881)
theory of "the polyphonic novel and Dostoevsky's dialogicness of narration postulates the non-existence of the "final" word, which is why the thoughts, emotions
Fyodor_Dostoevsky
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
in the context of Newtonian gravity, the weak equivalence principle is postulated: the gravitational and the inertial mass of every object are the same
Mass–energy_equivalence
Christian doctrine
pp. 132, 135. See also the comment of Dom Mark Tierney, O.S.B., Vice-Postulator of Marmion's Cause for Beatification: "[A]fter Marmion’s beatification
Divine_filiation
Philosophical position
circles, it seemed to some that the only way to resolve the puzzle was to postulate the existence of an entire hierarchical series of mind levels (analogous
Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)
Neurological signs and symptoms
at the beginning of the disease. Probable multiple sclerosis patients, meaning after a first attack but before a secondary confirmatory one, have up to
Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Signs_and_symptoms_of_multiple_sclerosis
Time after the present
Future studies, or futurology, is the science, art, and practice of postulating possible futures. Modern practitioners stress the importance of alternative
Future
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