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Stock market pricing concept
A margin of safety (or safety margin) is the difference between the intrinsic value of a stock and its market price. Another definition: In break-even
Margin_of_safety_(financial)
Topics referred to by the same term
Margin of safety may refer to: Margin of safety (financial) in a financial context Margin of safety (medicine) for pharmaceutical drugs Margin of safety
Margin_of_safety
1991 book by Seth Klarman
Margin of Safety: Risk-averse Value Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor is a 1991 book written by American investor Seth Klarman, manager
Margin_of_Safety_(book)
System strength beyond planned load
(reliability). Margin of safety (MoS or MS) is a related measure, expressed as a relative change. There are two definitions for the factor of safety (FoS): The
Factor_of_safety
Topics referred to by the same term
Margin, a US Navy patrol boat 1918–1919 Margin Call, a 2011 film Margin of safety (disambiguation) margin of victory at Wiktionary Marginal (disambiguation)
Margin
Ratio of operating income to net sales
operating margin—also known as operating income margin, operating profit margin, EBIT margin and return on sales (ROS) - is the ratio of operating income
Operating_margin
Allegory created by Benjamin Graham
parable of Mr. Market and the concept of 'margin of safety'." Behavioral economics Emotional bias Hindsight bias Margin of safety (financial) Value investing
Mr._Market
Equality of costs and revenues
Introductory Economics. University of the Philippines, Baguio. The Margin of Safety in MAAW, Chapter 11. Margin of Safety Definition | Formula | Calculation
Break-even_point
Ratio between turnover and profit
Profit margin is a financial ratio that measures the percentage of profit earned by a company in relation to its revenue. Expressed as a percentage, it
Profit_margin
Estimation method of company valuation
than the DCF number, so she will be inclined to invest; see margin of safety (financial), undervalued stock, and value investing. The above calibration
Valuation using discounted cash flows
Valuation_using_discounted_cash_flows
Overview of finance and finance-related topics
embedded options Equity Minimum acceptable rate of return Margin of safety (financial) Enterprise value Sum-of-the-parts analysis Conglomerate discount Minority
Outline_of_finance
State of being protected from danger
Safety is the state of being protected from harm or other danger. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable
Safety
Worldwide economic crisis
United States House Committee on Financial Services held a hearing, at the urging of the administration, to assess safety and soundness issues and to review
2008_financial_crisis
Type of medical center in the United States
circumstances mostly revolve around problems with financial payments, insurance plans, or health conditions. Safety-net hospitals are known for maintaining an
Safety_net_hospital
Financial holding company based in Toronto, Ontario
return and downside protection. Investments are typically made with a margin of safety and a long holding period, and the portfolio has historically included
Fairfax_Financial
1943 film by Otto Preminger
Margin for Error is a 1943 American drama film directed by Otto Preminger. The screenplay by Lillie Hayward and Samuel Fuller is based on the 1939 play
Margin_for_Error
Protecting economic value by managing risk exposure
Financial risk management is the practice of protecting economic value in a firm by managing exposure to financial risk - principally credit risk and market
Financial_risk_management
1934 book by Benjamin Graham
and Dodd coined the term margin of safety in Security Analysis.[citation needed] It is not known when the Period of financial distress phrase was first
Security_Analysis_(book)
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
with safety restrictions. It struggled with complex user interfaces. In May 2025, OpenAI introduced an agent for coding named Codex. It is capable of writing
ChatGPT
Investment paradigm
intrinsic value. The discount of the market price to the intrinsic value is what Benjamin Graham called the "margin of safety". Buffett further expanded
Value_investing
Country in Northern Europe
standard of food safety and purity. In 1999, the Seimas adopted a law on product safety, and in 2000 it adopted a law on food. The reform of the agricultural
Lithuania
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks, and one of the lowest ratings during the 2008 financial crisis. Bush left office as one of the most unpopular
George_W._Bush
Type of financial loss
destruction of shareholder value. Ethics violations, safety issues, security issues, a lack of sustainability, poor quality, and lack of or unethical
Reputational_damage
1984 article by Warren Buffett
with a rebuttal of a popular academic opinion that Graham and Dodd's approach ("look for values with a significant margin of safety relative to [stock]
The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville
The_Superinvestors_of_Graham-and-Doddsville
American hedge fund manager (born 1971)
Security Analysis: "All my stock picking is 100% based on the concept of a margin of safety." Burry was reported as taking a short position in Amazon on February
Michael_Burry
Financial terminology
" is to provide a margin of safety against losses incurred by a broker or dealer as a result of market fluctuations in the prices of such securities or
Haircut_(finance)
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2026
Burnham had previously beaten Spencer in the 2024 mayoral election by a margin of 375,000 votes. The Labour Party's poor performance in the 2026 local elections
Andy_Burnham
Mayor of New York City since 2026
of Community Safety to handle mental health crises and community outreach. He had voiced support for defunding the NYPD and accused the department of
Zohran_Mamdani
2007 mortgage crisis in the United States
events of September 2008, when many large financial institutions faced or experienced collapse. Margin Call is a film that tells the story of a day's
Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Spanberger of Virginia and Mikie Sherrill of New Jersey won their gubernatorial races over their Republican opponents by larger than expected margins. Democrats
2026_United_States_elections
8 to April 26, 2025, in a range of phone and in-person interviews among 28,333 people in 24 countries. The margins of error for each country average about
Opinion polling on the second Trump presidency
Opinion_polling_on_the_second_Trump_presidency
2007–2009 international economic decline
of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible – and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety
Great_Recession
Regulatory act implemented by the Obama administration after the 2008 financial crisis
through regulated clearinghouses; enhanced Federal Reserve oversight of large financial institutions; and new standards for mortgage lending and credit rating
Dodd–Frank_Act
Most populous city in the United States
of billionaires, individuals of ultra-high net worth (greater than US$30 million), and millionaires of any city in the world by a significant margin.
New_York_City
American politician (born 1986)
of which she became the communications chair in January 2022, and the pro-gun Second Amendment Caucus. She won reelection in 2022 by a narrow margin of
Lauren_Boebert
Concept in gambling, insurance, and finance
part of the investors holdings should suffer losses. Protecting from risk of ruin by diversification became more challenging after the 2008 financial crisis
Risk_of_ruin
Practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market by a business or government
so that monopolies and dominant firms can generate supernormal profit margins and deter competitors from the market. Therefore, it is heavily regulated
Anti-competitive_practices
American politician and convicted fraudster (born 1988)
recognition. As expected, Suozzi prevailed; he defeated Santos 56% to 43% (a margin of 46,624 votes). Despite Santos's loss, local Republicans were pleasantly
George_Santos
Financial help to a corporation or country to avoid bankruptcy
A bailout is the provision of financial help to a corporation or country which otherwise would be on the brink of bankruptcy. A bailout differs from the
Bailout
Country in North America
referendum followed in 1995, in which sovereignty was rejected by a slimmer margin of 50.6 to 49.4 percent. In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled unilateral secession
Canada
measures to increase profit margins, often at the expense of consumer safety. This issue became more prominent in 2007, with a number of restrictions being placed
Economy_of_China
Selling unowned financial securities
(PDF) from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012. Margin of Safety (1991), by Seth Klarman. ISBN 0-88730-510-5 Casterline, Rick (1 June
Short_(finance)
votes and defeated Communist Party of India candidate Ajith Koladi by a margin of 63,387 votes. Sameer is a native of Azhinjilam in Vazhayur Grama Panchayat
P._M._A._Sameer
American billionaire investor
investment philosophy of Benjamin Graham and is known for buying unpopular assets while they are undervalued, seeking a margin of safety and profiting from
Seth_Klarman
2023 maritime disaster
risk of a significant failure at or before you reach 4,000 meters. We do not think you have any safety margin." He included a graph of the strain of the
Titan_submersible_implosion
Political party
regardless of education, voted for Trump. Those in the center, just over one-fifth of white voters, favored Biden overall by a margin of 57% to 43%.
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic_Party_(United_States)
Investment behavior
A flight-to-quality, or flight-to-safety, is a financial market phenomenon occurring when investors sell what they perceive to be higher-risk investments
Flight-to-quality
Political party in the United Kingdom
Labour to win seats on small margins including South West Norfolk, Poole, South Dorset and Rother Valley. The party won 14% of the vote in total. It became
Reform_UK
Calculated number representing the hypothetical value of a stock
Graham The Intelligent Investor Margin of safety Price-to-earnings ratio Price-to-book ratio Investopedia: Definition of 'Graham Number' Graham, Benjamin;
Graham_number
Law maintaining market competition
information and evidence sharing. "Corporations are creatures of the State, and the public safety requires that their conduct and functions shall be always
Competition_law
French biopharmaceutical company
Study and Open-label Long Term Extension to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Elafibranor 80 mg in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis With Inadequate
Ipsen
Indian company
(26 May 2021). "Why Dhampur Sugar To Triveni Are On Track To Reap Better Margins". BloombergQuint. Advani, A. H. (March 2005). Business India Issues 706-712
Triveni Engineering & Industries
Triveni_Engineering_&_Industries
These are the 2,977 victims of the September 11 attacks and as well as 6 victims from the bombing of February 26, 1993, as they appear inscribed at the
List of victims of the September 11 attacks (H–N)
List_of_victims_of_the_September_11_attacks_(H–N)
Canadian politician
27 votes; that figure was later revised to 21 votes. As the margin was less than 1/500th of the total ballots cast, an automatic judicial recount was triggered
Garry_Begg
German automotive-technology company
targets including revenue exceeding €24 billion and an adjusted EBIT margin of 6 %–8 %. The company made its public debut under the AUMOVIO brand at
Aumovio
Association football club in Bournemouth, England
had to run to safety as missiles were hurled and riot police waded in to control the crowds." The matter was raised in Parliament by one of the town's MPs
AFC_Bournemouth
Democrat Stacey Abrams by a 7.5 percent margin. Republicans also control both the state senate and House of Representatives, together with Kemp's governorship
2026 Georgia gubernatorial election
2026_Georgia_gubernatorial_election
Effects of thermal limits on nuclear operations
allow engineers to reduce unnecessary safety margins without increasing risk - specifically reducing the risk of fuel failure and radioactive release.
Thermal_limits_(nuclear)
Country in South Asia
life emerged in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE. By
India
American politician (born 1964)
against former Massachusetts senator Scott Brown, which he won by a wide margin. Wikiquote has quotations related to John E. Sununu. According to a study
John_E._Sununu
Australian legislation
The Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024 is an Australian act of parliament that prohibits minors under the age of 16 from holding
Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024
Online_Safety_Amendment_(Social_Media_Minimum_Age)_Act_2024
Country primarily in North America
large margin. "Monthly Reports – World Federation of Exchanges". WFE. Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June
United_States
policy and economic mobility, while Stratton benefited from substantial financial backing from Pritzker and his family. Stratton pledged not to accept corporate
2026 United States Senate election in Illinois
2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois
Chinese online marketplace
substances in products and breaches of the Digital Services Act, and criticism from consumer groups over product quality and safety. In the UK, the Advertising
Temu
President of the United States from 2009 to 2017
States House of Representatives to four-term incumbent Bobby Rush by a margin of two to one. In January 2003, Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's
Barack_Obama
following list labels some of these stereotypes and provides examples. Some character archetypes, the more universal foundations of fictional characters, are
List_of_stock_characters
Multinational investment bank headquartered in Switzerland
all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution and the world's largest private bank. UBS manages the largest amount of private wealth
UBS
city of Petersburg's Public Safety Advisory Board in December 2021. He served in that position until October 2022. He stated that he was a member of the
2026 United States Senate election in Alaska
2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska
Concept asserting ongoing stock market bubble
substantial revenue and positive margins. JPMorgan concluded that AI does not meet the classic criteria for a financial bubble. A December 2025 analysis
AI_bubble
American political activist (1993–2025)
view of Kirk (35% vs. 36%); 18% say they have neither a favorable nor an unfavorable opinion of him and 11% say they don't know ... The margin of error
Charlie_Kirk
Trump held a press conference to declare a "public safety emergency", announcing the deployment of the National Guard and other law enforcement agencies
False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)
False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_(second_term)
President of Colombia since 2026
in the runoff on 21 June with 49.66% to Cepeda's 48.70%—the smallest margin of victory ever recorded in a Colombian presidential election. With 12.9
Abelardo_de_la_Espriella
Political party leadership election in Canada
former Conservative MP Kerry-Lynne Findlay by a narrow margin over Caroline Elliott, winning 51% of the vote. Rustad, who was acclaimed leader in 2023, led
2026 Conservative Party of British Columbia leadership election
2026_Conservative_Party_of_British_Columbia_leadership_election
City in Texas, United States
industrial and financial center and a major inland port, due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways, and the construction of Dallas Fort
Dallas
Legal rules relating to financial instruments and financial assets
Financial law is the law and regulation of the commercial banking, capital markets, insurance, derivatives and investment management sectors. Understanding
Financial_law
Jewish nationalist movement
against a tradition of many centuries" of living parasitically at the margins of Western society. Indeed, he says, Zionism[when?] was uncomfortable with
Zionism
Indian life insurance company
joint venture between Max Financial Services and Axis Bank. The company is a subsidiary of the publicly listed Max Financial Services. It was founded in
Axis_Max_Life_Insurance
American football player (born 1988)
the 21-point margin to defeat the Bears in 31–28 comeback victory. In the following week against the New York Jets, Wilson completed 20 of 31 passes for
Russell_Wilson
British television drama series
Industry is a financial thriller drama television series created by former investment bankers Mickey Down and Konrad Kay, and co-produced by BBC Two in
Industry_(TV_series)
American crime drama television series
BBC iPlayer. Crack use became rampant because of its cheap price, intense high, and high profit margins. This drug has roughly the same chemical disposition
Snowfall_(TV_series)
Engaging in risky financial transactions
art, collectibles, real estate, and financial derivatives. Speculators play one of the four primary roles in financial markets, along with: hedgers, who
Speculation
Country in Southwestern Europe
Iberian Peninsula is located at the southern margin of the temperate zone and at the northern margin of the subtropical high-pressure zone. Additionally
Portugal
57% of voters with a college degree, compared to 42% of voters without a college degree. Jewish voters preferred Cuomo by a nearly two-to-one margin: 63%
2025 New York City mayoral election
2025_New_York_City_mayoral_election
Japanese automotive manufacturer
pressure from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), conducted recalls of millions of vehicles after reports that several drivers
Toyota
Single-aisle airliner family
production halt including financial support to suppliers and compensation to airlines and lessors which could lower the program's margins and cash generation
Boeing_737_MAX
their congressional districts ahead of the election, with Republicans attempting to strengthen their narrow margins. On the state level, 36 states and
2026_in_the_United_States
2026 memoir by Alan Joyce
founding chief executive of its low-cost subsidiary Jetstar in 2003. Joyce was credited with steering Qantas through the global financial crisis and the pandemic
Alan Joyce: Riding the Jet Stream
Alan_Joyce:_Riding_the_Jet_Stream
Democratic candidate In line with polling, Lander easily defeated Goldman by a margin of over 30 percentage points. His victory was called by media outlets only
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York
DACA beneficiaries and playing a leading role in the passage of the bipartisan gun safety bill after the Uvalde school massacre. Cornyn, in turn, has highlighted
2026 United States Senate election in Texas
2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Texas
rest of the state followed in the 2022 midterms. In 2024, Trump went on to win Texas by a margin of over 1.5 million votes, the largest margin of victory
2024 United States presidential election in Texas
2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas
Health care provided at no or low cost to low-income patients
Bazzoli, and Aaron Katz, "Caught In The Competitive Crossfire: Safety-Net Providers Balance Margin And Mission In A Profit-Driven Health Care Market," Health
Charity_care
Lithuania–Poland border area
north-eastern corner of Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship. This hilly area, one of the coldest in Poland, is located on the western margins of the East European
Suwałki_Gap
Island country in Southeast Asia
peacefulness, passport strength, personal safety and infrastructure, with a high home-ownership rate. Singaporeans enjoy one of the longest life expectancies, fastest
Singapore
of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible—and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety net
Subprime crisis background information
Subprime_crisis_background_information
Prime Minister of India from 1977 to 1979
daughter, Indira Gandhi, in the Congress party leadership election by a big margin. Desai served as deputy prime minister and Finance Minister in the Indira
Morarji_Desai
Canadian politician (born 1979)
wider margin of the vote compared to his 2015 victory. After Scheer's resignation as party leader, Poilievre was initially considered to be one of the front-runners
Pierre_Poilievre
U.S. presidential administration since 2025
margins. Oxford Economics estimated that tariffs contributed about 0.4 percentage points to the 2025 September Consumer Price Index's annual rate of 3
Second presidency of Donald Trump
Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump
Vice President of the United States from 1801 to 1805
for governor of New York instead. He lost the gubernatorial election to little known Morgan Lewis, in what was the most significant margin of loss in the
Aaron_Burr
American labor union leader (born 1975)
of the Senate. In an August 2024 SurveyUSA poll sponsored by Split Ticket, Fischer held a narrow lead of 39% to 38% over Osborn, within the margin of
Dan_Osborn
American private equity company
estate and infrastructure. The company invests money on behalf of pension funds, financial endowments, and sovereign wealth funds, as well as other institutional
Apollo_Global_Management
travel, tourism, insurance
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
MARGIN OF-SAFETY-FINANCIAL
travel, tourism, insurance