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Measure estimating potential margin shortfalls under adverse market moves
The Margin-at-Risk (MaR) is a quantity used to manage short-term liquidity risks due to variation of margin requirements, i.e. it is a financial risk occurring
Margin_at_risk
Type of financial collateral used to cover credit risk
futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology
Margin_(finance)
2011 American film by J. C. Chandor
Margin Call is a 2011 American drama film written and directed by J. C. Chandor in his directorial debut. The story takes place over 24 hours at a large
Margin_Call
Type of financial risk
Margining risk is a financial risk that future cash flows are smaller than expected due to the payment of margins, i.e. a collateral as deposit from a
Margining_risk
Portfolio margin is a risk-based margin policy available to qualifying US investors. The goal of portfolio margin is to align margin requirements with
Portfolio_margin
Measure of potential liquidity shortfall in a financial portfolio
at Risk (VaR), but instead of focusing on market value fluctuations, LaR models the probability distribution of future cash flows, including margin calls
Liquidity_at_risk
Risk that a borrower or counterparty fails to meet financial obligations
Credit risk is the chance that a borrower does not repay a loan or fulfill a loan obligation. For lenders the risk includes late or lost interest and
Credit_risk
Topics referred to by the same term
expenses Margin (economics), a set of constraints conceptualised as a border Margin (finance), a type of financial collateral used to cover credit risk Contribution
Margin
Risks arising from movements in market variables
to margin calls covering adverse value changes of a given position. Shape risk Holding period risk Basis risk The capital requirement for market risk is
Market_risk
Estimated potential loss for an investment under a given set of conditions
at risk Financial risk management § Banking Profit at risk Margin at risk Maximum downside exposure Liquidity at risk Risk return ratio Tail value at
Value_at_risk
Measure estimating the potential decline in profit under adverse market conditions
Earnings-at-Risk (EaR), the Liquidity-at-Risk (LaR) or the Margin-at-Risk (MaR), the exact risk measures implementation rule vary from firm to firm. Value at risk
Profit_at_risk
Risk that a party fails to deliver
Settlement risk, also known as delivery risk or counterparty risk, is the risk that a counterparty (or intermediary agent) fails to deliver a security
Settlement_risk
Ratio between turnover and profit
generally distinct from rate of return. Profit margins can include risk premiums and monopoly profits. Profit margin is calculated with selling price (or revenue)
Profit_margin
Global banking standard
intended to be a "risk-sensitive methodology", i.e. conscious of asset class and hedging, that differentiates between margined and non-margined trades and recognizes
Standardized approach (counterparty credit risk)
Standardized_approach_(counterparty_credit_risk)
Standardised contract to buy or sell an asset at a future date
margin accounts. Margins are determined on the basis of market risk and contract value. Also referred to as performance bond margin. Initial margin is
Futures_contract
Any of various types of risk associated with financing
market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, business risk and investment risk. The four standard market risk factors are equity risk, interest rate risk, currency
Financial_risk
1991 book by Seth Klarman
Margin of Safety: Risk-averse Value Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor is a 1991 book written by American investor Seth Klarman, manager
Margin_of_Safety_(book)
Risks not covered by traditional financial risk management
Non-financial risks (NFR) are all of the risks which are not covered by traditional financial risk management. This negative definition resembles the initial
Non-financial_risk
Deposit risk is a type of liquidity risk of a financial institution that is generated by deposits either with defined maturity dates (then such deposits
Deposit_risk
Type of financial risk
the hedge was effective from a market risk standpoint, but it was the liquidity crisis caused by staggering margin calls on the futures that forced Metallgesellschaft
Liquidity_risk
Stock market pricing concept
of a company's sales are at risk, such as when they are tied up in a single customer contract that may be canceled. Margin of Safety = Budgeted Sales
Margin_of_safety_(financial)
Risk of disrupting business operations
Operational risk is the risk of losses caused by flawed or failed processes, policies, systems or events that disrupt business operations. Employee errors
Operational_risk
Form of financial derivative
but risks are increased. Since the advent of CFDs, many traders have moved from margin lending to CFD trading. The main benefits of CFD versus margin lending
Contract_for_difference
Risk of investing or lending in a country
Country risk refers to the risk of investing or lending in a country, arising from possible changes in the business environment that may adversely affect
Country_risk
System strength beyond planned load
FoS of 2 will fail at twice the design load. Many government agencies and industries (such as aerospace) require the use of a margin of safety (MoS or
Factor_of_safety
Ratio of operating income to net sales
In business, operating margin—also known as operating income margin, operating profit margin, EBIT margin and return on sales (ROS) - is the ratio of operating
Operating_margin
Type of financial risk
Foreign exchange risk (also known as FX risk, exchange rate risk or currency risk) is a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated
Foreign_exchange_risk
Concentration risk is a banking term describing the level of risk in a bank's portfolio arising from concentration to a single counterparty, sector or
Concentration_risk
Protecting economic value by managing risk exposure
risk concerns, mainly, the impact of interest rate changes on net interest margins. All banks will focus also on operational risk, impacting here (at
Financial_risk_management
Financial derivative whose payoff depends on the foreign exchange rates
trading financial derivatives include the leverage effect. When margin decreases, the risk of trading will increase, as the leverage effect will increase
Foreign_exchange_derivative
Oil industry futures trading approximation of profit margin
petroleum products extracted from it. The spread approximates the profit margin that an oil refinery can expect to make by "cracking" the long-chain hydrocarbons
Crack_spread
Risk class in finance
risk as "the risk of occurrence of a significant difference between the mark-to-model value of a complex and/or illiquid instrument, and the price at
Model_risk
Risk of a country not paying its debts
Sovereign credit risk is the risk of a government of a sovereign state becoming unwilling or unable to meet its loan or bond obligations leading to a sovereign
Sovereign_credit_risk
Scam on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Mehta. An interview with Montek Singh Ahluwalia (Secretary, economic affairs at the Ministry of Finance) revealed that many top bank officials were involved
1992_Indian_stock_market_scam
Form of financial risk primarily associated with fixed income securities
Reinvestment risk is a form of financial risk. It is primarily associated with fixed income securities (including bonds), in the form of early redemption risk and
Reinvestment_risk
the authority to change this percentage. Raising the margin requirement ostensibly reduces risk in the financial system by reducing the potential leverage
Regulation_T
Financial loss due to interest rate changes
rate risk refers to the potential for financial loss due to fluctuations in interest rates. It will, in turn, impact differently re market risk, i.e.
Interest_rate_risk
Mortgage loan with an interest rate that changes based on credit markets
being the margin and LIBOR being the index. The final way to apply an index is on a movement basis. In this scheme, the mortgage is originated at an agreed
Adjustable-rate_mortgage
Set of methods for supervised statistical learning
supervised max-margin model with associated learning algorithms that analyze data for classification and regression analysis. Developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories
Support_vector_machine
2018 banking fraud scandal in India
Understanding (LoU) to pay their overseas suppliers. The bank demanded at least a 100% cash margin for issuing LoUs, but the firms contended that they had previously
Punjab_National_Bank_Scam
Probability of adverse effects of political decisions
risk analysis with country risk as country risk only looks at national-level risks and also includes financial and economic risks. Micro-level risks focus
Political_risk
Risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market
In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to the risk associated with any one individual
Systemic_risk
The Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk (SPAN) is a system for calculating margin requirements for futures and options on futures. It was developed by
CME_SPAN
Person in a company or organization responsible for finances
flow, profit margins, and risk mitigation; tax management (and optimization) will be a parallel focus. The CFO thus has oversight of risk-, investment-
Chief_financial_officer
Risk from commodity price fluctuations
risk between the time of up-country purchase buying and sale, typically at the port, to an exporter. Exporters face the same risk between purchase at
Commodity_risk
Concept in gambling, insurance, and finance
issuing margin calls. Also, assume each trade can either win or lose, with a 50% chance of a loss, capped at $200. Then for four trades or less, the risk of
Risk_of_ruin
Entity whose failure may trigger a crisis
significant refunding risk that may force it to sell assets at low market prices or potentially suffer through significant margin pressure. However, maturity
Systemically important financial institution
Systemically_important_financial_institution
Central bank of India
securities at least worth ₹ 1 billion (could be more because of margin requirement which is 5%–10% of loan amount) and agree to repurchase them at ₹1.07 billion
Reserve_Bank_of_India
Alternative to interest rate refinancing on collateralized loan obligation securities
holders of risk retention interests), will become the “clearing rate” and the new applicable margin for the AMR Class. After the new applicable margin is established
Applicable_margin_reset
Overview of finance and finance-related topics
due Margin (finance) – Type of financial collateral used to cover credit risk Mark to market – Accounting method valuing assets and liabilities at current
Outline_of_finance
American engineering firm
AECOM explained these divestitures as a "transformation into a higher-margin, lower-risk Professional Services business". In August 2021, AECOM announced plans
AECOM
Vulnerability to significant events that affect aggregate outcomes
In finance and economics, systematic risk (in economics often called aggregate risk or undiversifiable risk) is vulnerability to events which affect aggregate
Systematic_risk
Risk that financial assets are misstated due to uncertain or unreliable valuations
Valuation risk is the risk that an entity suffers a loss when trading an asset or a liability due to a difference between the accounting value and the
Valuation_risk
Surgery used to treat skin cancers
are cases where margin clearance is essential. In summary, the Mohs micrographic surgery criteria are as follows: Recurrent or high-risk basal cell and
Mohs_surgery
being called "Margin on Services". Other characteristics of the MoS framework include: realistic projections policies can be assets a risk-free discount
Margin_on_services
Risk arising from changes in market volatility affecting the value of financial positions
Volatility risk is the risk of an adverse change of price, due to changes in the volatility of a factor affecting that price. It usually applies to derivative
Volatility_risk
Regulatory body for securities and commodity market in India
stated that the leak had placed the lives of himself and his family at "grave risk". Sinha called Abraham's allegations "completely baseless, motivated
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India
processors can use the crush spread in order to lock in a gross profit margin, and cover the risk of adverse price fluctuation: inflation of soybeans inputs and
Crush_spread
Category of financial market infrastructure
financial market infrastructure organization that takes on counterparty credit risk between parties to a transaction and provides clearing and settlement services
Central_counterparty_clearing
Type of operational risk
Legal risk as a subset of operational risk that comprises the uncertainty associated with a business becoming a subjects of legal liability and obligations
Legal_risk
Package of services offered by investment banks
in portfolio margin House Methodologies Rules-Based Stress Tests Risk Based Haircuts (RBH) Self-regulatory Organizations Portfolio margin US Regulatory
Prime_brokerage
Refinancing risk, in banking and finance, is the possibility that a borrower cannot refinance by borrowing to repay existing debt. Many types of commercial
Refinancing_risk
Banking valuation adjustments
value of counterparty credit risk, additional Valuation Adjustments for debit, funding cost, regulatory capital and margin may similarly be added. As with
XVA
Procedure in which post-election tabulation is audited for risk limits
evidence is gathered to meet the risk limit. Advantages of an RLA include: samples can be small and inexpensive if the margin of victory is large; there are
Risk-limiting_audit
Equity risk is "the financial risk involved in holding equity in a particular investment." Equity risk is a type of market risk that applies to investing
Equity_risk
Organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates
is rare in people younger than 40 and the median age of diagnosis is 71. Risk factors include chronic pancreatitis, older age, smoking, obesity, diabetes
Pancreas
Increases in the exposure to risk when insured, or when another bears the cost
to risk because it will not bear the full costs associated with that risk. For example, when a corporation is insured, it may take on higher risk knowing
Moral_hazard
Financial help to a corporation or country to avoid bankruptcy
described as MREL, at between 25.2% and 29.3% of risk-weighted assets. Switzerland has imposed requirements on its two G-SIFIs of 28.6% of risk-weighted assets
Bailout
Professional services firm
firm. It has two divisions: Risk Capital (67% of 2024 revenues), which provides brokerage and consulting services for risk management, insurance and reinsurance
Aon_plc
redemption demands without selling assets at distressed prices. This event heightened concerns about credit risk, leading to widespread downgrades of IL&FS
Mutual_funds_in_India
Bank-led misselling case
to allegations that staff at HDFC Bank's branches in the Dubai International Financial Centre and Bahrain missold high-risk US$100–120 million Additional
HDFC Bank AT1 bond misselling case
HDFC_Bank_AT1_bond_misselling_case
Buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day
those positions are exited before the market close. Because of the high risk of margin use, and of other day trading practices, a day trader will often have
Day_trading
Danish financial economist (born 1972)
financial economist known for his research on liquidity risk and asset pricing. He is Professor of Finance at the Copenhagen Business School. Before that, he
Lasse_Heje_Pedersen
Risk management tool
Profit risk is a risk management tool that focuses on understanding concentrations within the income statement and assessing the risk associated with those
Profit_risk
Risk assessment ratio in toxicology
In toxicology, the margin of exposure (or MOE) of a substance is the ratio of its no-observed-adverse-effect level to its theoretical, predicted, or estimated
Margin_of_exposure
Becton Dickson subsidiary
business was drug distribution, a low-margin and low-risk, predictable business, with which the higher-margin, higher-risk medical technology businesses were
CareFusion
American financial services company
The RiskMetrics variance model (also known as exponential smoother) was first established in 1989, when Sir Dennis Weatherstone, the new chairman of J
RiskMetrics
Theory of response to surprise events
where major players sometimes assume normal distributions when using value at risk models, although market returns typically have fat tail distributions.
Black_swan_theory
Capitalisation of risk-free opportunities in financial markets
in practice, there are always risks in arbitrage, some minor (such as fluctuation of prices decreasing profit margins), some major (such as devaluation
Arbitrage
Type of financial loss
died at her desk and no one noticed for over 4 days until a foul smell caused employees to complain. Proposed frameworks to manage reputational risk include:
Reputational_damage
Use of borrowed funds in the purchase of an asset
the additional risk from leverage. Or if an investor uses a fraction of his or her portfolio to margin stock index futures (high risk) and puts the rest
Leverage_(finance)
Intelligence in machines
classify patients with asthma as being at "low risk" of dying from pneumonia. Having asthma is actually a severe risk factor, but since the patients having
Artificial_intelligence
Highest level executive in charge of acquiring goods and services at a company
(CFO) and that an operating environment that values cash, profit margins, and risk mitigation is one that plays to the primary skills and capabilities
Chief_procurement_officer
Regulatory body for the Australian financial sector
failures in managing non-financial risks. APRA said these issues may extend beyond the trading desk and that ANZ’s current risk management improvements are insufficient
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority
UK market; other countries may differ. Consumer credit risk (also retail credit risk) is the risk of loss due to a consumer's failure or inability to repay
Consumer_credit_risk
Cancer of the colon or rectum
disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) are at increased risk of colon cancer. The risk increases the longer a person has the disease, and the
Colorectal_cancer
Determination of the economic value of a business
company performs better than the downstream industry in terms of growth, margins and risk. The guideline public company method entails a comparison of the subject
Business_valuation
Privately pooled investment fund using diverse strategies to seek high returns
Financial Services Authority concluded that risks were limited and had reduced as a result, inter alia, of larger margins being required by counterparty banks
Hedge_fund
Skin cancer originating in melanocytes
the tumor is removed and reduce the risk of recurrence. Complete surgical excision with adequate surgical margins is standard. Often this is done by a
Melanoma
Term in economics
that such spreads are used both to estimate profitability and to manage margin risk. "Glossary". CME Group. Retrieved 29 April 2026. "An Introduction to
Gross_processing_margin
Digestive disease of the large intestine
risk factor is unclear. Having pouches in the large intestine that are not inflamed is known as diverticulosis. Inflammation occurs in 10% and 25% at
Diverticulitis
the List of Wildlife Species at Risk has more than 600 entries for Canadian wildlife species considered at varying risks of extinction, including 301
List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Canada)
List_of_Wildlife_Species_at_Risk_(Canada)
Stock
producers can purchase livestock gross margin insurance policy contracts (LGM-Cattle) sponsored by the USDA Risk Management Agency from authorized crop
Live_cattle
Approach to investment management focusing on allocation of risk
Risk parity (or risk premia parity) is an approach to investment management which focuses on allocation of risk, usually defined as volatility, rather
Risk_parity
Financing instrument
very similar risks, such as inflation risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, currency risk and so on. The most popular one is credit risk, referring to
Short-term_European_paper
Former physical asset, now a liability
destruction' of economic growth, transformation and innovation; as such they pose risks to individuals and firms and may have systemic implications. Climate change
Stranded_asset
Forest in Bangladesh
(Gallus gallus), various kingfishers, and woodpeckers. The southern coastal margin at Laldia Char serves as a foraging and staging area for migratory shorebirds
Haringhata_forest
Academic in finance
Modelling and Co-editor of the book Margin in Derivatives Trading. Leif is a recipient of several awards. He was named the Risk.Net Quant of the Year twice in
Leif_B._Andersen
Prevention of payment default by trading partners
operational risk Legal risk Concentration risk Settlement risk Valuation risk Increasing market risk Increased overhead Reduced trading activity Margin (finance)
Collateral_management
Hypothetical interest rate on a risk-free investment
The risk-free rate of return, usually shortened to the risk-free rate, is the rate of return of a hypothetical investment with scheduled payments over
Risk-free_rate
travel, tourism, insurance
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
Male
Irish
Rare Irish variant form of German Herbert, HARBIN means "bright army."
Boy/Male
English American
Dear friend. Nineteenth-century naturalist Charles Darwin was the first major exponent of human...
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Mervin, MARVIN means "marrow-eminent."Â
Male
French
 French form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Male
French
French form of Roman Latin Marinus, MARIN means "of the sea."
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian and Scandinavian form of Greek Margarites, MARGIT means "pearl."
Girl/Female
Australian
Nature
Boy/Male
American, British, Danish, English
Blend of Daryl and Marvin
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Irish, French, Dutch, German, Czech, Slovak, Spanish (MartÃn), Italian (Venice), etc.
English, Scottish, Irish, French, Dutch, German, Czech, Slovak, Spanish (MartÃn), Italian (Venice), etc. : from a personal name (Latin Martinus, a derivative of Mars, genitive Martis, the Roman god of fertility and war, whose name may derive ultimately from a root mar ‘gleam’). This was borne by a famous 4th-century saint, Martin of Tours, and consequently became extremely popular throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. As a North American surname, this form has absorbed many cognates from other European forms.English : habitational name from any of several places so called, principally in Hampshire, Lincolnshire, and Worcestershire, named in Old English as ‘settlement by a lake’ (from mere or mær ‘pool’, ‘lake’ + tÅ«n ‘settlement’) or as ‘settlement by a boundary’ (from (ge)mære ‘boundary’ + tÅ«n ‘settlement’). The place name has been charged from Marton under the influence of the personal name Martin.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada, Punjabi, Sikh
Margin; Limit
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, German, Swedish, Teutonic
Lover of the Sea; Form of Marvin; Sea Lover; Eminent; Great; Marrow
Male
English
 English form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Male
Polish
Polish form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARCIN means "of/like Mars."
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Daren, DARRIN means "from Araines."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Merewine (Old English Maerwin, from mær ‘fame’ + win ‘friend’).English : from the Old English personal name Merefinn, derived from Old Norse Mora-Finnr.English : from the Old English personal name Mǣrwynn, composed of the elements mǣr ‘famous’, ‘renowned’ + wynn ‘joy’.English : from the Welsh personal name Merfyn, Mervyn, composed of the Old Welsh elements mer, which probably means ‘marrow’, + myn ‘eminent’.English : Mathew Marvin was one of the founders of Hartford, CT, (coming from Cambridge, MA, with Thomas Hooker) in 1635.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Guide
Surname or Lastname
French
French : derivative of Mange.English and Irish : variant of Mangan, perhaps, in the case of the Irish name, of Manning.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a relatively rare medieval personal name derived from the Latin saint’s name Marinus (or possibly from its feminine equivalent, Marina).
Female
English
Pet form of English Margaret, MARGIE means "pearl."
Female
English
Irish Gaelic unisex name CARLIN means "little champion."
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
MARGIN AT-RISK
a.
Having a margin.
n.
Specifically: The part of a page at the edge left uncovered in writing or printing.
v. t.
To furnish with a margin.
v. t.
To enter or note down upon the margin of a page; to margin.
n.
See Malkin, and Maukin.
prep.
The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 80¡; goods sold at a cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short at the longest.
n.
A border; edge; brink; verge; as, the margin of a river or lake.
prep.
Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh at any one.
n.
A bird. See Martin.
prep.
The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at disadvantage.
imp. & p. p.
of Margin
prep.
The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at twenty-one; at once; at first.
a.
Written or printed in the margin; as, a marginal note or gloss.
n.
A margin; border; brink; edge.
prep.
The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except at puns.
v. t.
To enter in the margin of a page.
a.
Of or pertaining to a margin.
prep.
A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea and on land.
prep.
The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure at your hands.
prep.
Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence, nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at.
travel, tourism, insurance