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Diacritical mark
Macron below is a combining diacritical mark that is used in various orthographies. A non-combining form is U+02CD ˍ MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON. It is
Macron_below
Diacritical mark (◌̄)
A macron (/ˈmækrɒn, ˈmeɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel. Its name derives from the
Macron_(diacritic)
Topics referred to by the same term
Macron (gastropod), a genus of sea snails Macron (physics), high-energy particle Macron (diacritic), a straight bar placed over a letter Macron below
Macron
Typographic symbol (underline)
diacritic, U+0331 ◌̱ COMBINING MACRON BELOW, is similar to the combining low line but is shorter. The difference between "macron below" and "low line" is that
Underscore
Marks added to letters in Greek
(/taˈizo/, 'I feed'). In textbooks and dictionaries of Ancient Greek, the macron—'ᾱ'—and breve—'ᾰ'—are often used over α, ι, and υ to indicate that it is
Greek_diacritics
Modifier mark added to a letter
◌̍ – a superscript vertical stroke is used in Pe̍h-ōe-jī macron or horizontal line ◌̄ – macron; for example ō ◌̱ – underbar overlays ◌⃓ – vertical bar
Diacritic
Unicode character block
Combining Double Breve U+035E ͞ 862 Combining Double Macron U+035F ͟ 863 Combining Double Macron Below U+0360 ͠ 864 Combining Double Tilde U+0361
Combining_Diacritical_Marks
the countries with the significant presence of Slavic peoples. The tables below list the Cyrillic letters in use in various modern languages and show the
List_of_Cyrillic_letters
Topics referred to by the same term
terms, in algebra Combining low line, underline, in typography Combining macron below, Unicode combining diacritical mark Combining weight, system of chemical
Combining
Topics referred to by the same term
a typographic element. Underscore, underline or _ may also refer to: Macron below, a diacritic accent Underscore (dance), a practice in contact improvisation
Underscore_(disambiguation)
Unicode script encoding
alphabet, in 19th century Lithuanian cyrillic alphabet) U+0331 ◌̱ COMBINING MACRON BELOW (in transliterations of other writing systems) U+033E ◌̾ COMBINING VERTICAL
Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode
Code pages used specifically to write programs in the APL programming language
"SD" (diacritic) series GCGID SD470000 for "Line Below/Discontinuous Underscore"—i.e. macron below, distinct from the ASCII underscore which is SP090000
Digital encoding of APL symbols
Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols
Capital Letter L with dot below U+1E37 ḷ Latin Small Letter L with dot below U+1E38 Ḹ Latin Capital Letter L with dot below and macron U+1E39 ḹ Latin Small
List_of_Unicode_characters
Keyboard layout
key (, i.e. Alt Gr+f, see below). The characters depicted in green are usually in fact not engraved on the keytops (see below "Additional characters enterable
German extended keyboard layout
German_extended_keyboard_layout
System for transliteration of the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet
consonants using diacritics (underdot, macron below, and caron) rather than digraphs, and writes long vowels with macrons. The transliteration of the Arabic
Hans_Wehr_transliteration
Unicode subset for Europe
transmission, display, and printout. The normative character groups are given below. The associated characters can also be found in DIN 91379 Characters and
DIN_91379
line below and macron Ī̱́ ī̱́ I with line below, macron and acute Ī̱̀ ī̱̀ I with line below, macron and grave Ī̱̂ ī̱̂ I with line below, macron and circumflex
List_of_Latin-script_letters
Surveying on French administration since 2017
political personalities, including Emmanuel Macron and the Prime Minister. Only the first is listed in the table below. Though the composition of panels of respondents
Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency
Opinion_polling_on_the_Emmanuel_Macron_presidency
macron and acute Ḗḗ Ṓṓ macron and diaeresis Ṻṻ macron and grave Ḕḕ Ṑṑ macron below Ḇḇ Ḏḏ ẖ Ḵḵ Ḻḻ Ṉṉ Ṟṟ Ṯṯ Ẕẕ ogonek Ąą Ęę Įį Ǫǫ Ųų ogonek and macron Ǭǭ
List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode
Extinct Semitic language of Mesopotamia
In this vein, an alternative transcription of ⟨š⟩ is ⟨s̱⟩, with the macron below indicating a soft (lenis) articulation in Semitic transcription. Other
Akkadian_language
Tucanoan language of Peru
low-tone nasal vowels with the macron below and grave accent ⟨à̱ è̱ ì̱ ɨ̱̀ ò̱ ù̱⟩; high-tone nasal vowels with the macron below and acute accent ⟨á̱ é̱ í̱
Maijiki
Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Sudan and Chad
written in the Latin alphabet with the addition of the letters a̱ (a with macron below), ɨ, ŋ, and ʉ, and the digraph ny. High tone is marked by the acute accent
Fur_language
ISO standard for transliteration of Thai characters
consonants should be entered in the order base letter, macron if any, and then dot below, horn or "macron below". Only three consonants have the horn in their
ISO_11940
German graphic designer (1902–1974)
eu with oi, w with v, and z with ts. Long vowels were indicated by a macron below them, though the umlaut was still above. The alphabet was presented in
Jan_Tschichold
held, in which incumbent Emmanuel Macron defeated Marine Le Pen and was re-elected as President of France. Macron, from La République En Marche! (LREM)
2022 French presidential election
2022_French_presidential_election
Chibchan language of southeast Costa Rica
are indicated by a tilde: ⟨ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ⟩ (Previously indicated with a macron below: a̱, e̱, i̱, o̱, u̱), except after a nasal consonant (already indicating
Bribri_language
Assembly by President Emmanuel Macron, triggering a snap election after the National Rally (RN) made substantial gains and Macron's Besoin d'Europe electoral
2024 French legislative election
2024_French_legislative_election
Bowl-shaped diacritic mark (◌̆)
then understood that a vowel with no macron is short. If the vowel length is unknown, a breve as well as a macron are used in historical linguistics (Ā̆
Breve
Artificial script in Tolkien's writings
combining diacritics: a circumflex used to denote long consonants; a macron below to indicate a long vowel sound; an underdot to mark cirth used as numerals
Cirth
Variant of the arrangement keyboard keys
and then press the ⇧+C keys. To enter the character X̱ (capital X with macron below), which is not common and not available as a precombined character in
Latin International keyboard layout
Latin_International_keyboard_layout
ISO standard: computer keyboard layouts
and then press the ⇧+C keys. To enter the character X̱ (capital X with macron below), which is not common and not available as a precombined character in
ISO/IEC_9995
Mapping of glyph names to Unicode characters
WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON • 1E5D ṝ uni1E5D LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON • 1E5E Ṟ uni1E5E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW • 1E5F
Adobe_Glyph_List
the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! (EM) and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN), which Macron won with a difference of more than
2017 French presidential election
2017_French_presidential_election
Romanization scheme for Arabic and Persian words, used in Bahá'í literature
undotted. ^c The Unicode character for the underline, 'combining double macron below', is U+35F (decimal U+863). It can be written as hex ͟ or decimal
Baháʼí_orthography
Ticuna–Yuri language spoken in Amazon Basin
Nasalization is indicated with a tilde, and laryngeal vowels with a macron below. Besides its use at the Ticuna schools, the language has a dozen books
Ticuna_language
Japanese animated TV series
Devil-God GoShogun", but in the US and parts of Europe it is primarily known as Macron 1, the title of its North American adaptation. The GoShogun series and its
GoShogun
Horizontal line immediately above a portion of writing
should not be confused with the macron, a diacritical mark placed above (or sometimes below) individual letters. The macron is narrower than the character
Overline
in the character entity reference, unless marked otherwise in the table below (see ). The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language)
List of XML and HTML character entity references
List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
Luo language spoken in part of South Sudan and Sudan
vowels with retraction of the root of the language are denoted by a macron below the letter: [i̠], [e̠], [o̠], [ɔ̠], [u̠] and [a̠] and their corresponding
Shilluk_language
candidacy on 22 February 2017 and instead proposed an alliance with Emmanuel Macron, which he accepted. Yannick Jadot of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV)
Opinion polling for the 2017 French presidential election
Opinion_polling_for_the_2017_French_presidential_election
Socialist political coalition in France
stood in opposition to both Ensemble, the presidential camp of Emmanuel Macron, as well as the far-right National Rally. The Front is an alliance of La
New_Popular_Front
Historic site in British Columbia, Canada
"Xá:ytem", or with a combining low line, "X̲á:ytem", instead of with a macron below the X. "Hanging around the Mission City – destinations you should not
X̱á:ytem
Diacritic sign
RING BELOW). Precomposed character encodings for 'R with ring below', 'L with ring below', 'R with ring below and macron', and 'L with ring below and macron'
Ring_(diacritic)
French political party
among twelve candidates with 22% of the vote, behind president Emmanuel Macron in first place with 28%, and narrowly behind Marine Le Pen with 23% of the
La_France_Insoumise
polling for the 2024 EP election in France Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency Opinion polling for the 2027 French presidential election "Comment
Opinion polling for the 2024 French legislative election
Opinion_polling_for_the_2024_French_legislative_election
Mixe-Zoquean language of Mexico
apostrophe. With the spelling of SIL, long vowels are represented with a macron below the letter and the glottal stop is indicated with the acute accent on
Sierra_Popoluca
Grammar of the Indian Malayalam language
not distinguish the latter from the dental nasal) are marked with a macron below, following the convention of the National Library at Kolkata romanization
Malayalam_grammar
Punctuation mark (,)
items, in order to save space, as in this headline from Reuters: Trump, Macron engage in a little handshake diplomacy. Commas are often used to separate
Comma
2019 church fire in Paris, France
closed immediately. Two days after the blaze, President of France Emmanuel Macron set a five-year deadline to restore it. Notre-Dame did not hold a Christmas
Notre-Dame_fire
centrist presidential majority Ensemble coalition, including Emmanuel Macron's Renaissance, the Democratic Movement, Horizons, as well as their allies;
2022 French legislative election
2022_French_legislative_election
Script used for writing the Coptic language
overline uses U+FE24 ◌︤ COMBINING MACRON LEFT HALF, U+FE26 ◌︦ COMBINING CONJOINING MACRON, and U+FE25 ◌︥ COMBINING MACRON RIGHT HALF to distinguish the spelling
Coptic_script
2026 international leader meeting in France
held on US president Donald Trump's birthday. French president Emmanuel Macron made the reduction of global economic imbalances a priority for France's
52nd_G7_summit
2018 social movement started in France
approval in January 2018), French President Emmanuel Macron's approval rating had dipped below 25% at the beginning of the movement. The government's
Yellow_vests_protests
(divers gauche, withdrawn) Yannick Jadot (Europe Écologie Les Verts) Emmanuel Macron (La République en Marche!) Jean Lassalle (Résistons!) Valérie Pécresse (Les
Opinion polling for the 2022 French presidential election
Opinion_polling_for_the_2022_French_presidential_election
Diacritical mark
orthography is achieved by doubling the vowel (ᒥ = mi, ᒦ = mii), placing a macron over the vowel (ᑲ = ka, ᑳ = kā), or placing a circumflex over the vowel
Dot_(diacritic)
Ligature of the Latin letters A and E
see Unicode table below. U+00C6 Æ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE U+00E6 æ LATIN SMALL LETTER AE U+01E2 Ǣ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON U+01E3 ǣ LATIN SMALL
Æ
2023 civil unrest in France
final vote expected that month. Macron twice declined meetings with unions that week. About 368,000 people protested, below the 800,000–1,000,000 expected
2023 French pension reform strikes
2023_French_pension_reform_strikes
Below is a list of civil service ministers in the Government of France since the establishment of the Fourth Republic. Since 23 December 2024, Laurent
List of civil service ministers of France
List_of_civil_service_ministers_of_France
Football league season
reasons as The Macron Cup) was open to all 61 clubs from the Premier and First Divisions North & South (indicated in the results listings below by '(PD)',
2025–26 North West Counties Football League
2025–26_North_West_Counties_Football_League
Conference on the Israel–Palestine two-state solution
May 2025, Macron suggested that the recognition of a Palestinian state could be considered during the conference. Israel rejected Macron's suggestion
July 2025 Conference on the Implementation of the Two-State Solution
July_2025_Conference_on_the_Implementation_of_the_Two-State_Solution
for the 2022 French presidential election Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency DLF, LP, and EXD are included together. EXD is included. DLF
Opinion polling for the 2022 French legislative election
Opinion_polling_for_the_2022_French_legislative_election
Romanization scheme for Standard Chinese
as in yī. The first tone (flat or high-level tone) is represented by a macron ⟨ˉ⟩ added to the pinyin vowel: ā ē ê̄ ī ō ū ǖ Ā Ē Ê̄ Ī Ō Ū Ǖ The second
Pinyin
cauldron. The Games were formally opened by the president of France, Emmanuel Macron. The ceremony marked the 130th anniversary of the International Olympic
2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
2024_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony
Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017. Macron revives multi-speed Europe idea Archived 29 December 2017 at the Wayback
Member state of the European Union
Member_state_of_the_European_Union
Cathedral in Paris, France, built 1163–1345
Emmanuel Macron annonce le lancement d'un concours de vitraux contemporains et la création d'un musée" [Notre-Dame de Paris: Emmanuel Macron announces
Notre-Dame_de_Paris
Diacritical mark (◌̂)
system use the macron for this purpose, though some users may use the circumflex as a substitute if there are difficulties inputting the macron, as the two
Circumflex
Country primarily in Western Europe
In the 2022 presidential election, Macron was re-elected. Two months later in the legislative elections, Macron lost his parliamentary majority and had
France
American real-estate developer and diplomat (born 1954)
France summoned Kushner after he published an open letter to President Macron in The Wall Street Journal alleging insufficient action against rising antisemitic
Charles_Kushner
American businessman (born 1964)
Retrieved April 16, 2023. Willsher, Kim (February 23, 2023). "Emmanuel Macron criticised for giving Légion d'honneur to Jeff Bezos". The Guardian. Archived
Jeff_Bezos
Long horizontal line punctuation mark
a single name composed of two valid words [see "Attributive compounds" below]; with a single en dash, the phrase is ambiguous and could mean either Flight
Dash
Mathematical symbols (+ and −)
(comparable to the evolution of the ampersand &). The − may be derived from a macron ◌̄ written over ⟨m⟩ when used to indicate subtraction; or it may come from
Plus_and_minus_signs
Prime Minister of India since 2014
2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015. "GIA poll: Modi ranks third after Merkel, Macron in global ratings of top world leaders; best ever rank for an Indian PM"
Narendra_Modi
Disputed territory in north-western Africa
Parliament of Morocco, French President Emmanuel Macron backed Morocco's autonomy proposal. Macron also unveiled a €25 million ($27 million) investment
Western_Sahara
Multi-role combat aircraft family by Dassault
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Macron oferecerá 24 caças Rafale a Lula no encontro do G20" [Macron to offer 24 Rafale fighter jets to Lula during
Dassault_Rafale
President of Russia (2000–2008; since 2012)
Putin is not stopped there, he will go further." French President Emmanuel Macron said Putin was "deluding himself". French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le
Vladimir_Putin
Patches of facial hair grown on the sides of the face
George Jones, and Lemmy. Notable 21st century examples include Emmanuel Macron (though his are short), Javier Milei, Cem Özdemir, Viktor Yushchenko, David
Sideburns
International standard
is shown in the table below. Alternative schemes: ISO/R 9:1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the
ISO_9
Association football club in Bruges, Belgium
Retrieved 5 December 2022. "Club Brugge & Macron present the new 2019/20 season kits!". macron.com. Macron. 28 June 2019. Archived from the original on
Club_Brugge_KV
Macron carrying the territory by a margin of 22.06%. Despite a nationwide swing towards Le Pen from Macron in the second round compared to Macron's landslide
2022 French presidential election in New Caledonia
2022_French_presidential_election_in_New_Caledonia
2023 film by Justine Triet
September 2023. Kennedy, Niamh (28 May 2023). "French film director attacks Macron during Palme d'Or acceptance speech". CNN. Archived from the original on
Anatomy_of_a_Fall
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
Intelligence Ukraine Uses in War With Russia, Macron Says". UNITED24 Media. Retrieved 15 January 2026. "Macron: Coalition of the Willing provides 100% military
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Football league season
Solihull Moors Chris Millington Alex Whitmore Macron Taxbuddi Southend United Kevin Maher Nathan Ralph Macron c2c Sutton United Chris Agutter Rotate in O'Neills
2025–26_National_League
Saudi association football league
Arabian clubs have won 17 continental titles in AFC competitions. The table below lists their achievements. As of the 2025–26 Saudi Pro League Bold indicates
Saudi_Pro_League
media | France24 Macron to push for ban on social media for under-15s after school stabbing | Reuters Kids off social media, Macron says - POLITICO Kirby
Online age verification laws by country
Online_age_verification_laws_by_country
103rd season of top-tier football league in Bulgaria
incorporated with the main sponsor or in place of it; or on the back, either below the squad number or on the collar area. Shorts also have space available
2026–27 First Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
2026–27_First_Professional_Football_League_(Bulgaria)
and 53% against independence in 2018 and 2020). French President Emmanuel Macron celebrated the results of the referendum, adding that France "is more beautiful
2026 New Caledonian legislative election
2026_New_Caledonian_legislative_election
English football league
sponsor. Macron Store (Hastings) signed a 4-year deal beginning in the 2014–15 season resulting in the official name being changed to The Macron Sussex
Southern Combination Football League
Southern_Combination_Football_League
Handwritten form of Russian Cyrillic
looks the same as in Russian with additional macron, п is written like the cursive Latin u with macron (ū), and the letter т is written in the shape
Russian_cursive
Ongoing conflict in the Middle East
UNIFIL peacekeepers in Deir Kifa on 18 April. French president Emmanuel Macron attributed the attack to Hezbollah, which the group denied. Another French
2026_Lebanon_war
Line" in southern Lebanon over the past day. French president Emmanuel Macron said that a French soldier was killed and three others were injured in an
Timeline of the Gaza war (3 October 2025 – present)
Timeline_of_the_Gaza_war_(3_October_2025_–_present)
Video game awards show
sweeping wins removed tension from the awards. The French president, Emmanuel Macron, congratulated the developers, calling it "a great pride" for Montpellier
The_Game_Awards_2025
Unicode character block
Capital Letter L with dot below U+1E37 ḷ Latin Small Letter L with dot below U+1E38 Ḹ Latin Capital Letter L with dot below and macron U+1E39 ḹ Latin Small
Latin_Extended_Additional
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
a drone strike at a base in Iraqi Kurdistan. French president Emmanuel Macron announced on 13 March that a soldier was killed in the attack. On 13 March
2026_Iran_war
2017, within individual regions. Unless otherwise noted, all polls listed below are compliant with the regulations of the national polling commission (Commission
Opinion polling for the 2017 French presidential election by region
Opinion_polling_for_the_2017_French_presidential_election_by_region
American whistleblower (born 1983)
President François Hollande. His second request, under President Emmanuel Macron, was favorably received by Justice Minister Nicole Belloubet. However, no
Edward_Snowden
"Macron urges release of Georgian protesters in call with Ivanishvili". Le Monde. 11 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024. "President Macron Reassures
2024–2026_Georgian_protests
Local election in France
had finished ahead of her in the first round of voting. While Emmanuel Macron's La République En Marche! (LREM) won 12 of the 18 Paris constituencies during
2020_Paris_municipal_election
Punctuation and accent mark (~, ◌̃)
actual Middle Vietnamese tilde for nasalization is used alongside it. A macron was used to make abbreviations in medieval Latin documents. When an ⟨n⟩
Tilde
Technology entrepreneur (born 1984)
he had traveled to Paris to dine with French President Emmanuel Macron, which Macron's office denied. Reports also indicate that Durov was on the list
Pavel_Durov
Opposition to Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro
1 June 2023. "May Day street clashes in Paris fuelled by widening anti-Macron coalition". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 May 2019. Archived from
Venezuelan_opposition
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW
MACRON BELOW