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Type of amplifier that emphasizes a specific frequency in a noisy signal
A lock-in amplifier is a type of amplifier that can extract a signal with a known carrier wave from an extremely noisy environment. Depending on the dynamic
Lock-in_amplifier
American astronomer and physicist (1916–1997)
lock-in amplifier, which is an indispensable tool in the area of applied science and engineering. Many of Dicke's experiments capitalize on lock-in in
Robert_H._Dicke
Revolving disk with cut-outs to modulate light
used in science labs in combination with lock-in amplifiers. The chopper is used to modulate the intensity of a light beam, and a lock-in amplifier is used
Optical_chopper
Topics referred to by the same term
Vendor lock-in, in economics Lock-in amplifier, a type of amplifier Locked-in syndrome, a medical condition Locked in period, in stock trading Lock-in, a
Locked_in
Microscopy technique for piezoelectric materials
photodiode detector methods and then demodulated by use of a lock-in amplifier (LiA). In this way topography and ferroelectric domains can be imaged simultaneously
Piezoresponse force microscopy
Piezoresponse_force_microscopy
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
power amplifier Lock-in amplifier Low-noise amplifier Negative feedback amplifier Optical amplifier Programmable-gain amplifier Tuned amplifier Valve
Amplifier
lock-in amplifier), excluding many sources of noise not at the PEM operating frequency and attenuating the white noise by the bandwidth of the lock-in
Photoelastic_modulator
Electronic control system
frequencies. Recovery of small signals that otherwise would be lost in noise (lock-in amplifier to track the reference frequency) Recovery of clock timing information
Phase-locked_loop
ratio is very low, the signal can be modulated and recovered with a Lock-in amplifier. In the experiment, a direct current plus an alternating current bias
Charge modulation spectroscopy
Charge_modulation_spectroscopy
Noncontact variant of atomic force microscopy
the use of a lock-in amplifier. Typically the user must select the correct reference phase value used by the lock-in amplifier. Once the DC potential
Kelvin_probe_force_microscope
Topics referred to by the same term
centuries Lock-in amplifier, a type of amplifier Lia, a feminine given name (including a list of people with the name) Lia (food), a rice-based dish in Orissa
LIA
Device that amplifies an optical signal
amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may
Optical_amplifier
Undesired light in an optical system
source signal component from the detected stray component with a lock in amplifier synchronized to the chopper frequency. However, this approach is still
Stray_light
Swiss measurement hardware company
first product, the HF2LI, a 50 MHz lock-in amplifier, was introduced in 2009. By 2015 two further lock-in amplifiers, the UHFLI and MFLI, had been introduced
Zurich_Instruments
Demodulator that uses a replica of the unmodulated carrier
receiver using a phase-locked loop or other techniques. Synchronous detection preserves any phase information originally present in the modulating signal
Synchronous_detector
Form of spectroscopy employed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields
in amplitude, and the signal is detected on the other beam via a lock-in amplifier. Employing a pump laser beam of a constant frequency and a Stokes
Stimulated_Raman_spectroscopy
Thermal conducitivity measurement technique
heater across a range of frequencies (generally accomplished using a lock-in-amplifier). Note, the phase delay of the signal is the lag between the heating
3ω-method
Scientist
physics, and laboratory spectroscopy. In his early years, Brault was involved in the development of the lock-in amplifier, and of differential interference
James_W._Brault
Type of demodulator
message. This operation is similar to that performed by a dual-phase lock-in amplifier. Example: I-Q Demodulator The product demodulator has some advantages
Product_detector
Electric current through a photosensitive device
by a monochromator. The circuit and optics are coupled by use of a lock-in amplifier. The measurements give information related to the band gap of the
Photocurrent
High-gain voltage amplifier with a differential input
An operational amplifier (often op amp, op-amp, or opamp) is a DC-coupled electronic amplifier with a differential input, a (usually) single-ended output
Operational_amplifier
controllers Audio analyzers Programmable temperature controllers Lock-in amplifiers Laser-diode controllers Low-noise preamplifiers High-voltage power
Stanford_Research_Systems
Study of the separation, identification, and quantification of matter
the signal at a higher frequency, for example, through the use of a lock-in amplifier. Environmental noise arises from the surroundings of the analytical
Analytical_chemistry
parameters of the specimen. The high-frequency signal is sent to a lock-in amplifier and correlated with the reference signal sent by the signal generator
Atomic force acoustic microscopy
Atomic_force_acoustic_microscopy
Scientific experimental technique
interpreted as a map of the sample's sensitivity to gate voltage. A lock-in amplifier reduces noise by filtering only the amplitude oscillations that match
Scanning_voltage_microscopy
Scientific instrument to measure magnetic properties
system Calibrate the system Optimize the system for M Calibrate the Lock-In Amplifier Take measurements and record data Magnetic field must be strong enough
Vibrating-sample_magnetometer
Ratio of the desired signal to the background noise
it is possible to use a filter to reduce the noise. For example, a lock-in amplifier can extract a narrow-bandwidth signal from broadband noise a million
Signal-to-noise_ratio
Deep optics imaging technique
the fluorescence signal in modulated frequency. After interfering with a phase-locked reference signal, the lock-in amplifier reports the USF signal;
Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging
Ultrasound-switchable_fluorescence_imaging
Transmission method used in amateur radio
(in support of MIL-STD-188). A DSBSC generation and demodulation instrument is described as side application of a commercial lock-in amplifier in Double-sideband
Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission
Double-sideband_suppressed-carrier_transmission
Optical band-pass filter used in the physical sciences
line filters can be considered the optical equivalent of lock-in amplifiers; they are used in scientific applications requiring the effective detection
Atomic_line_filter
Lab technique for measuring thermal properties through analyzing reflective properties
fed into a lock-in amplifier whose reference signal has the same frequency used to modulate the pump. The voltage output from the lock-in will be proportional
Time-domain_thermoreflectance
Electronic test instrument that averages an input according to the boxcar function
resolution. Similar to lock-in amplifiers, boxcar averagers are mostly used for the analysis of periodic signals. Whereas the lock-in can be understood as
Boxcar_averager
modulated at a known frequency so that a lock-in amplifier may be used to suppress unwanted noise, resulting in the ability to detect reflectance changes
Photo-reflectance
Sensor implementation technique
as the radiation to be detected. See direct conversion receiver. Lock-in amplifiers are homodyne detectors integrated into measurement equipment or packaged
Homodyne_detection
Device used to measure power in an optical signal
synchronized with an appropriate synchronous (or "lock-in") amplifier, further sensitivity gains are achieved. In practice, such instruments usually achieve
Optical_power_meter
Multi-photon microscopy technique
originally unmodulated laser is normally extracted by a lock-in amplifier from the output of photodiode. In epi-detected SRS, there are normally two methods
Coherent Raman scattering microscopy
Coherent_Raman_scattering_microscopy
Antoine Labeyrie — speckle interferometry 1992 Robert H. Dicke — lock-in amplifier 1994 Raymond Davis, Jr. — neutrino detectors; first measurement of
Beatrice_M._Tinsley_Prize
Tool for studying defects in semiconductors
Patent was awarded to Lang in 1975. In conventional DLTS the capacitance transients are investigated by using a lock-in amplifier or double box-car averaging
Deep-level transient spectroscopy
Deep-level_transient_spectroscopy
Type of optical device
on the tape to produce a guidance signal. Choppers combined with lock-in amplifiers can also help to provide immunity to noise. Star trackers were often
Star_tracker
resulting in the measurement of an ac signal. The resulting ac signal is detected and demodulated using an input phase angle by a lock-in amplifier to produce
Scanning vibrating electrode technique
Scanning_vibrating_electrode_technique
Physical phenomenon
10–10000 Hz) and the modulated photoacoustic signal is analyzed with a lock-in amplifier for its amplitude and phase, or for the inphase and quadrature components
Photoacoustic_effect
Material testing procedure that makes a very small mark in a surface
and evaluate the magnitude of the resulting partial unloadings by a lock-in amplifier, so as to quasi-continuously determine the contact stiffness. This
Nanoindentation
Electric current produced in living cells
a lock-in amplifier that boosts probe's sensitivity. The vibrating ion-selective microelectrode was first used in 1990 to measure calcium fluxes in various
Developmental_bioelectricity
Measurement of capacity of a material to conduct heat
heater across a range of frequencies (generally accomplished using a lock-in-amplifier). Note, the phase delay of the signal is the lag between the heating
Thermal conductivity measurement
Thermal_conductivity_measurement
Non-linear optical imaging modality
typically a photodiode. Then, the modulated signal is amplified using a lock-in amplifier tuned to the pump modulation frequency. Similar to hyperspectral data
Pump–probe_microscopy
Amplifier design technique
In electronics engineering, frequency compensation is a technique used in amplifiers, and especially in amplifiers employing negative feedback. It usually
Frequency_compensation
and the frequency characteristics of the cantilever arrangement. A lock-in amplifier is specially tuned to the Joule heating frequency for detecting only
Scanning joule expansion microscopy
Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy
Extension of scanning tunneling microscopy
component of the tunneling current is recorded using a lock-in amplifier, and the component in-phase with the tip-sample bias modulation gives d I / d
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Scanning_tunneling_spectroscopy
Device that measures magnetism
the dipole. By alternating the gradient of the field and using a lock-in amplifier, a low noise floor can be achieved. Survey magnetometers can be divided
Magnetometer
Electronic oscillator
leading to a decrease in V i n {\displaystyle V_{\mathrm {in} }} , and therefore a change in the power detected at the amplifier output (for example using
Robinson_oscillator
Electro-mechanical piano
ledge. It has a transistorised pre-amplifier and a floor pedal volume control. An optional amplifier, the Amplifier CP, was available which mounted underneath
Cembalet
American electronics company
technologies in microwave signal generation, lock-in amplifiers, spectrum analyzers, and high-frequency arbitrary waveform generators. In 2012, BNC began
Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation
Berkeley_Nucleonics_Corporation
Differential absorption of circularly polarized light in a magnetic field
corresponds to the modulation frequency, ω. This voltage is detected by the lock in amplifier, which receives its reference frequency, ω, directly from the PEM
Magnetic_circular_dichroism
Measurement of absorbed electromagnetic energy
signals are further amplified and detected using lock-in amplifiers. By enclosing the gaseous sample in a cylindrical chamber, the sound signal is amplified
Photoacoustic_spectroscopy
Month in 1916
Dwarfs; in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States (d. 1997)[citation needed] Robert H. Dicke, American physicist, inventor of the lock-in amplifier and the
May_1916
Method of imaging magnetic fields at microscopic scales
be far away from that of any potential noise sources. By using a lock-in amplifier the device can read only the frequency corresponding to the magnetic
Scanning_SQUID_microscopy
Emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field
reasonably accurate measurements of dlni/d(1/V) (if necessary by using lock-in amplifier/phase-sensitive detection techniques and computer-controlled equipment)
Field_electron_emission
Cable connector for connecting loudspeakers to amplifiers
originally manufactured by Neutrik, mostly used in professional audio systems for connecting loudspeakers to amplifiers. Other manufacturers make compatible products
Speakon_connector
Electronic structure imaging method
the differential conductance can be mapped in closed feedback loop conditions (using a lock-in amplifier operating at a frequency larger than the cut
Quasiparticle interference imaging
Quasiparticle_interference_imaging
American audio equipment manufacturer
Amplifiers is a guitar amplifier and custom-made guitar manufacturer in the United States. The company was founded by Sammy Smith in 2002. Amplifiers
Smith_Custom_Amplifiers
and the changes of its amplitude and phase shift are tracked by a lock-in amplifier. The main feedback loop keeps constant the amplitude, at a certain
Bimodal atomic force microscopy
Bimodal_atomic_force_microscopy
through a mechanical chopper or regulated with a function generator. A lock-in amplifier is then used to measure deflections found at the modulation frequency
Photothermal_spectroscopy
Chemical compound
back and forth in frequency space, so a lock-in amplifier could be used to observe the spectra of just the ions in the discharge. The lock-in combined with
Diazenylium
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
use of negative feedback in electronic amplifiers. According to Black: Positive feed-back increases the gain of the amplifier, negative feed-back reduces
Feedback
Control concept
functions. In audio amplifiers, negative feedback flattens frequency response, reduces distortion, minimises the effect of manufacturing variations in component
Negative_feedback
Pseudo-digital circuit
In electronics, a delay-locked loop (DLL) is a pseudo-digital circuit similar to a phase-locked loop (PLL), with the main difference being the absence
Delay-locked_loop
Laser light source
An optical parametric amplifier, abbreviated OPA, is a laser light source that emits light of variable wavelengths by an optical parametric amplification
Optical_parametric_amplifier
by Optical Diffraction—Part I. The Concept of a Spatial Affinity Lock-in Amplifier". Sensors. 21 (2): 469. Bibcode:2021Senso..21..469F. doi:10.3390/s21020469
Focal_molography
Entertainment electronics in cars
separate stand-alone amplifier. Every amplifier has a rated power level sometimes noted on the head unit with the built-in amplifier, or on the label of
Vehicle_audio
spacetime structure Local symmetry LOCC Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh Lock-in amplifier Lockin effect Logarithmic conformal field theory Logarithmic Schrödinger
Index_of_physics_articles_(L)
British audio equipment manufacturer
Naim Audio is a specialist British manufacturer of high-end audio amplifiers well known for their self described qualities of "pace, rhythm and timing"
Naim_Audio_amplification
Medical diagnostic method
muscles. A suitable impedance analyzer can also be custom built using a lock-in amplifier to produce the signal and a low-capacitance probe, such as the Tektronix
Electrical impedance myography
Electrical_impedance_myography
frequency signal is separated using a lock-in amplifier and this signal provides the magnetic information about the surface. In standard scanning tunneling microscopy
Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy
Spin-polarized_scanning_tunneling_microscopy
Fretted string instrument
hollow chamber on the guitar, or amplified by an electronic pickup and an amplifier. The guitar is classified as a chordophone, meaning the sound is produced
Guitar
American audio equipment manufacturer
of becoming a rock star," having built his first amplifier in 1957. He founded Peavey Electronics in 1965. Peavey Electronics once owned approximately
Peavey_Electronics
16mm motion picture cameras
integral COMMAG amplifier. CP-16R/ADS: as CP-16R but for SEPMAG (double system) sound only. CP 16s are still often used in small productions and in film schools
CP-16
Swedish-American physicist (1889–1976)
for a way to make amplifiers sufficiently linear. In 1927, he conceived the negative-feedback amplifier. The attendant reduction in gain produced a much
Harry_Nyquist
Way to produce very short laser bursts
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds
Mode_locking
Electronic circuit
the sine wave is applied to a linear circuit, such as a non–distortion amplifier, the output is still a sine wave (but may acquire a phase shift). However
Frequency_multiplier
Electro-mechanical piano built by Hohner
could be equipped with an optional 12-watt valve amplifier, the Amplifier CP, which mounted below the unit in front of the player's knees. The Pianet soon
Hohner_Pianet
Season of television series
day-to-day lives inside the house in a private room known as the Diary Room. Each week, the HouseGuests compete in competitions in order to win power and safety
Big Brother 28 (American season)
Big_Brother_28_(American_season)
American machinist and technician
warehouse filled with piles of old computers, function generators, lock in amplifiers, microscopes and piles of wires and cables, a sign on the door reads:
Ed_Grothus
Integrated audio amplifier
The Naim NAIT (acronym for "Naim Audio Integrated amplifier") is an integrated amplifier from the British hi-fi manufacturer, Naim Audio. The original
Naim_NAIT
Type of laser
different designs exist for the amplifier: regenerative amplifier and multi-pass amplifier. Regenerative amplifiers operate by amplifying single pulses
Titanium-sapphire_laser
Electrical connector
to amplifiers/receivers. An additional benefit is that several tape recorders can be connected in parallel, and can also be connected to an amplifier/receiver
DIN_connector
sensitivity in order to detect high-depth multiply scattered photons. Lock-in amplifiers help to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signals in both
Multiple scattering low coherence interferometry
Multiple_scattering_low_coherence_interferometry
voltage can be applied to the Pockels cell in order to release the pulse from the resonator. Regenerative amplifier can also operate at Radio Frequency, using
Regenerative_amplification
American blogger, product consultant and speaker (born 1981)
which appeared in The New York Times on December 16, 2004. In 2008, he won a Google-O'Reilly Open Source Award for Best Community Amplifier for BarCamp,
Chris_Messina_(inventor)
AM/FM radio receiver introduced in 1978
upon the short-term signal used to measure the 2.3 dB headroom of this amplifier, it was producing nearly 460 watts of short-term power under these test
Pioneer_SX-1980
operational amplifier and its power supply. Applications include converting an analog signal into a form suitable for frequency measurements, in phase locked loops
Comparator_applications
Technique for amplifying ultrashort laser pulses
compressor parameters. Chirped pulses from N {\displaystyle N} laser amplifiers may be phase locked via reflection from a phase-conjugating mirror to increase the
Chirped_pulse_amplification
electronic dispersion compensation [citation needed] EDFA – erbium-doped fiber amplifier Er:YAG – erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, Er:Y3Al5O12 EOM – electro-optic
Laser_acronyms
Model of guitar amplifier
guitar amplifier made by Dumble Amplifiers. Founder Howard Alexander Dumble first began producing what would become his flagship amp model in 1972, building
Dumble_Overdrive_Special
Laser using an optical fiber as the active gain medium
dysprosium, praseodymium, thulium and holmium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing. Fiber nonlinearities
Fiber_laser
synchronous motor, integrated amplifier (the Bach 800), and reflex mirror finder. Subsequent to the CM-77, several potential models were in development. These included
Auricon
Process in multitrack recording
through external processing using effects units and then into a guitar amplifier and a guitar speaker cabinet or a reverb chamber. Originally, the technique
Re-amp
Electronic component
obsolete, but resistive opto-isolators retained a niche in audio, in particular guitar amplifier, markets. American guitar and organ manufacturers of the
Opto-isolator
Type of light that can be emitted by an optical amplifier
Examples of such sources include superluminescent diodes and doped fiber amplifiers. ASE in pulsed organic dye lasers can have very broad spectral characteristics
Amplified spontaneous emission
Amplified_spontaneous_emission
Compact car line produced by Chrysler
Acoustics with external amplifier and subwoofer, and UConnect hands-free Bluetooth for compatible cell phones also became available in 2006. The standard audio
Chrysler_PT_Cruiser
2009 box set by AC/DC
book and collectible merchandise reproductions all housed in an operating 1 watt guitar amplifier. One CD includes rare studio tracks including A-sides (such
Backtracks_(AC/DC_album)
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LOCK IN-AMPLIFIER
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LOCK IN-AMPLIFIER
LOCK IN-AMPLIFIER
LOCK IN-AMPLIFIER
LOCK IN-AMPLIFIER
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