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Enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction
In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes or isoforms) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence
Isozyme
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
erythrocytes and aldolase C is expressed in the brain. Slight differences in isozyme structure result in different activities for the two substrate molecules:
Aldolase_B
Enzyme
mitochondrial matrix. The other liver isozyme, ALDH1, localizes to the cytosol. Most White people have both major isozymes, while approximately 36% of East
ALDH2
Class of enzymes
The L and R isozymes are expressed by the gene PKLR, whereas the M1 and M2 isozymes are expressed by the gene PKM2. The R and L isozymes differ from M1
Pyruvate_kinase
Enzyme found in humans
Corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 also known as 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD11B2 gene
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2
Corticosteroid_11-beta-dehydrogenase_isozyme_2
Class of enzymes
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes, EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for biosynthesis of prostanoids, including
Cyclooxygenase
Enzyme involved in prostanoid synthesis
discovered cyclooxygenase (COX3050) isozyme, while the first two to be discovered were COX-1 and COX-2. The COX-3 isozyme is encoded by the same gene as COX-1
Cyclooxygenase-3
American maize geneticist and plant breeder
diversity, traditional variety classification, germplasm conservation, isozyme markers, and the use of tropical maize germplasm in temperate breeding
Major_M._Goodman
Mammalian protein found in humans
has grown with the development of isozyme-selective PDE inhibitors that offer potent inhibition of selected isozymes without the side-effects attributed
CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
CGMP-specific_phosphodiesterase_type_5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the ACSL5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase family. Although differing in substrate
ACSL5
Brand name for a cough and pain medicine
Clinical data Trade names Coricidin 'D' Pharmacokinetic data Metabolism CYP2D6 isozyme of Cytochrome P450 Identifiers CAS Number 125-71-3 Y UNII 7355X3ROTS
Coricidin
1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East
contrast, GWS was inversely associated with higher levels of the type Q isozyme, which is more efficient at breaking down sarin than its type R counterpart
Gulf_War
Protein family
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, also known as E2 enzymes and more rarely as ubiquitin-carrier enzymes, perform the second step in the ubiquitination reaction
Ubiquitin-conjugating_enzyme
Species of flowering plant
genetic composition. Variations do occur in fruit and seed color, some isozymes, and photoperiod sensitivity. Asian pumpkin black-seed squash chilacayote
Cucurbita_ficifolia
Enzyme
3-ketosteroids into 3α-hydroxysteroids. The enzyme has various protein isoforms (isozymes). In humans, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is encoded by the multiple
3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
3α-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDK1 gene. It codes for an isozyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1
Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_lipoamide_kinase_isozyme_1
Class of enzymes
Ca2+-binding regulatory subunit, calcineurin B. In humans, there are three isozymes of the catalytic subunit, each encoded by a separate gene (PPP3CA, PPP3CB
Calcineurin
Enzyme family
bile acid biosynthesis, androgen and estrogen metabolism. There are three isozymes of 5α-reductase encoded by the genes SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3. 5α-Reductases
5α-Reductase
Protein-coding gene in humans
humans is encoded by the ACSL4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing
ACSL4
Class of enzymes
yeast S. cerevisiae only encodes one catalytic subunit, mammals have four isozymes encoded by three genes, each attracting a different set of regulatory subunits
Protein_phosphatase_1
Protein-coding gene in the humans
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (TNAP) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALPL gene. Its chemical formula is:C2916H4587O1110N707S19P2
ALPL
Class of enzymes
including the ovary, testis and placenta. In humans, there are two 3β-HSD isozymes encoded by the HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 genes. 3β-HSD is also known as delta Δ5-4-isomerase
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
3β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Family of enzymes
transduction cascades. In biochemistry, the PKC family consists of fifteen isozymes in humans. They are divided into three subfamilies, based on their second
Protein_kinase_C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial (PDK4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDK4 gene. It codes for an isozyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK4
Class of enzymes
Hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52, β-acetylaminodeoxyhexosidase, N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase, N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase, β-hexosaminidase
Hexosaminidase
Family of enzymes
ligandins, are a family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes best known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced
Glutathione_S-transferase
SSRI antidepressant
effects of these medications. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine inhibit many isozymes of the cytochrome P450 system that are involved in drug metabolism. Both
Fluoxetine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is an isozyme of tryptophan hydroxylase found in vertebrates. In humans, TPH2 is primarily expressed in the serotonergic
TPH2
Class of enzymes
Ubiquitin-activating enzymes, also known as E1 enzymes, catalyze the first step in the ubiquitination reaction, which (among other things) can target a
Ubiquitin-activating_enzyme
Class of enzymes
kinase/phosphatase domain activity. While multiple types of isozymes may consist in a tissue, isozymes are identified by their primary tissue expression and
Phosphofructokinase_2
Species of plant
Cordillera Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines. Glaszmann (1987) used isozymes to sort O. sativa into six groups: japonica, aromatic, indica, aus, rayada
Oryza_sativa
Family of digestive enzymes
Trypsin is a type of serine protease enzyme from the PA clan superfamily found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it begins the digestion
Trypsin
Medical condition
is composed of both a major and minor isozyme. For those diagnosed with essential pentosuria, the major isozyme appears to be the same as the minor one
Pentosuria
Indian rice variety
Chiangmai, Thailand. Abs. Chaudhary, R. C. and Chauhan, J. S. 1979. Note on isozyme pattern of monogenic recessive vegetative mutant in rice. Proc. Symp. Role
Kalanamak_rice
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
chromosome 12. Three phosphofructokinase isozymes exist in humans: muscle, liver and platelet. These isozymes function as subunits of the mammalian tetramer
PFKM
Enzyme
generating ADP and 1,3-BPG. In humans, two isozymes of PGK have been so far identified, PGK1 and PGK2. The isozymes have 87-88% identical amino acid sequence
Phosphoglycerate_kinase
Group of grasses (food grain)
and the lower Tilemsi valley in Mali (2500 to 2000 cal BC). Studies of isozymes suggest domestication took place north east of the Senegal River in the
Millet
receptor alpha-2b/beta-3 as well as the collagen receptor. Other atrolysin isozymes (A-F) have been further studied to understand potential methods of treatment
Atrolysin_A
Class of enzymes
(b-type, for brain where the b-isozyme was originally isolated). Existing as a dimer, the enzyme then has three isozymes depending on which subunit forms
Phosphoglycerate_mutase
Medication to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other conditions
P450 enzymes, but each chirality is differently inactivated by specific isozymes. Compared to the (R)-enantiomer, the (S)-enantiomer is relatively more
Omeprazole
Class of enzymes
isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes: Each NADP+-dependent isozyme functions as a homodimer: The isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 isozyme is a heterotetramer that
Isocitrate_dehydrogenase
Protein-coding gene in humans
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM1/M2), also known as pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), pyruvate kinase type K, cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding
PKM2
Enzyme class, includes all types of glycogen/starch syntheses
hypoxia. Notably, hypoxia only induces expression of the muscle isozyme and not the liver isozyme. However, muscle-specific glycogen synthase activation may
Glycogen_synthase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed
Aldolase_A
Central nervous system stimulant
the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme system (particularly by the CYP1A2 isozyme) into three dimethylxanthines, each of which has its own effects on the
Caffeine
Class of enzymes
deactivation. There are four known isozymes of PDK in humans: PDK1 PDK2 PDK3 PDK4 The primary sequencing between the four isozymes are conserved with 70% identity
Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_kinase
Class of enzymes
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD, HSD17B) (EC 1.1.1.51), also 17-ketosteroid reductases (17-KSR), are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases which
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
17β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
in animals, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The latter exists as an isozyme located in both the mitochondrion and the cytosol. The rate of gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by this gene is an isozyme of phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. There are several PGM isozymes, which are encoded
PGM1
Class of enzymes
H+ cortisone + NADPH The human genome encodes two distinct HSD-11β isozymes (HSD-11β Type 1 and HSD-11β Type 2) on distinct genes. The dehydrogenase
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
11β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Medical condition
gene, which encodes the kidney isozyme of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. In an unaffected individual, this isozyme inactivates circulating cortisol
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
Apparent_mineralocorticoid_excess_syndrome
American botanist (1947–2001)
American botanist who studied the evolution of numerous plant taxa through isozyme analysis. Born in Seoul, Korea, Werth and his family moved to Falls Church
Charles_R._Werth
Antibiotic medication
system, specifically isozymes CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19. Dapsone metabolites produced by the cytochrome P450 2C19 isozyme are associated with
Dapsone
Homodimeric protein enzyme
uncommon to many other proteins. The precise structure and function of the isozyme in E. coli is solely geared to supply a source of inorganic phosphate when
Alkaline_phosphatase
Species of grass
sheaths; these morphological characters were correlated with a specific isozyme pattern as well as a specific ribosomal DNA genotype. This "ecotype" is
Avena_barbata
Enzyme that metabolizes compounds containing epoxides
their functions. Humans express four epoxide hydrolase isozymes: mEH, sEH, EH3, and EH4. These isozymes are known (mEH and sEH) or presumed (EH3 and EH4) to
Epoxide_hydrolase
Class of enzymes
Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 acetyl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA + coenzyme A
Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
Acetyl-CoA_C-acetyltransferase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
protease, or site-1 protease (S1P) for short, also known as subtilisin/kexin-isozyme 1 (SKI-1), is an enzyme (EC 3.4.21.112) that in humans is encoded by the
Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease
Membrane-bound_transcription_factor_site-1_protease
Digestive enzyme
Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1, chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin
Species of plant in the palm family
I. (15 April 2004). "Analysis of coconut cultivars and hybrids using isozyme polymorphism". Acta Botanica Croatica. 63 (1): 69–74. Archived from the
Coconut
an acetylating agent. There are at least two different cyclooxygenase isozymes: COX-1 (PTGS1) and COX-2 (PTGS2). Aspirin is non-selective and irreversibly
Mechanism of action of aspirin
Mechanism_of_action_of_aspirin
Snails that live on land
(1983). "The genetic structure of populations as illustrated by molluscs". Isozymes Curr Top Biol Med Res. 10: 93–123. OCLC 115471993. PMID 6354995. Kruckenhauser
Land_snail
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
the five tetrameric PFK isozymes. The liver PFK (PFK-5) contains solely PFKL, while the erythrocyte PFK includes five isozymes composed of different combinations
PFKL
Species of conifer
its two new species by epicuticular wax, lignin content, electrophoretic isozyme and activity of peroxidase". Feddes Repertorium. 119 (7–8): 644–654. doi:10
Pinus_brutia
Enzyme participating to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
unusual forms of diabetes or hypoglycemia. Glucokinase (GK) is a hexokinase isozyme, related homologously to at least three other hexokinases. All of the hexokinases
Glucokinase
Protein-coding gene in humans
mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. Each NADP(+)-dependent isozyme is a homodimer. The protein encoded by the IDH2 gene is the NADP(+)-dependent
IDH2
Protein found in humans
mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. Each NADP+-dependent isozyme is a homodimer. The protein encoded by this gene is the NADP+-dependent
Isocitrate_dehydrogenase_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Danio rerio
monooxygenase, which was originally identified in Zebrafish (Danio rerio), is the isozyme and paralogous of fish CYP11A1, catalyzes conversion of cholesterol to
CYP11A2
Synthetic Opioid pain medication
receptor. Tramadol is metabolised in the liver via the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, being O- and N-demethylated to five different
Tramadol
Stimulant
Different cytochrome P450 isozymes are involved in the initial steps of human metabolism. The N-acetylation is catalyzed by the NAT2 isozyme. Just like cocaine
Dimethocaine
Genus of flowering plants
evolution and biogeography in Chelone (Scrophulariaceae): morphological and isozyme evidence". American Journal of Botany. 86 (10). Botanical Society of America:
Chelone_(plant)
Class of enzymes
In the field of enzymology, a dimethylargininase, also known as a dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical
Dimethylargininase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
is encoded by the SLC27A2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in
SLC27A2
Class of enzymes
of glycine, serine, threonine, and methionine. In humans, there are two isozymes, BHMT and BHMT2, each encoded by a separate gene. BHMT is expressed most
Betaine—homocysteine S-methyltransferase
Betaine—homocysteine_S-methyltransferase
Class of enzymes
synthesis pathway: This reaction occurs in peroxisomes in plants. Several isozymes have been discovered, with varying substrate stereospecificity: three in
12-oxophytodienoate_reductase
Antidepressant
(PI-PLC) activity and the mRNA and protein expression of selective PLC beta 1 isozyme in rat brain". Neuropharmacology. 43 (8): 1269–1279. doi:10.1016/S0028-3908(02)00253-8
Mianserin
Test for white blood cells in urine
methods and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, nine different esterase isozymes have been identified in human leukocytes with somewhat varying substrate
Leukocyte_esterase
Species of plant in the manatee-grass family
(3): 672–676. McMmillan, C. 1991. Isozyme patterning in marine spermatophytes. In: L. Triest, ed. 1988+. Isozymes In Water Plants. Opera Botanica Belgica
Halodule_wrightii
Enzyme family protecting the organism from oxidative damages
glutathione to complete the cycle: GS–SG + NADPH + H+ → 2 GSH + NADP+. Several isozymes are encoded by different genes, which vary in cellular location and substrate
Glutathione_peroxidase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in the mammalian heme biosynthetic pathway. There are 2 tissue-specific isozymes: a housekeeping enzyme encoded by the ALAS1 gene and an erythroid tissue-specific
ALAS1
Nuclear receptor that mediates the effects of the mineralocorticoid hormone Aldosterone
mineralocorticoid-responsive cells express Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2, an enzyme which selectively inactivates glucocorticoids more readily
Mineralocorticoid_receptor
Chemical compound
the abused opioid U-48800 - in vitro metabolism, metabolic stability, isozyme mapping, and plasma protein binding". Drug Testing and Analysis. 11 (10):
U-48800
Opioid used to treat pain and opioid use disorder
metabolized by the liver, via CYP3A4 (also CYP2C8 seems to be involved) isozymes of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, into norbuprenorphine (by N-dealkylation)
Buprenorphine
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
of this kind to protect their DNA. In E. coli, there are two versions (isozymes): Ada and Ogt. Although alkylating mutagens preferentially modify the guanine
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine methyltransferase
Methylated-DNA–protein-cysteine_methyltransferase
Species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae
Psilocybe subaeruginosa and related species with comparative morphology, isozymes and mating compatibility studies". Mycological Research. 96 (6): 429–441
Psilocybe_subaeruginosa
Abnormally increased sensitivity to pain
Koppert W, Wehrfritz A, Körber N, et al. (March 2004). "The cyclooxygenase isozyme inhibitors parecoxib and paracetamol reduce central hyperalgesia in humans"
Hyperalgesia
Corticosteroid precursor and metabolite of cortisol
inactivated to cortisone by the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2. This is crucial because cortisol is a potent mineralocorticoid and would
Cortisone
Flockhart Table ™". "INHIBITORS, INDUCERS AND SUBSTRATES OF CYTOCHROME P450 ISOZYMES". "The Life Raft Group: Long List of Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP3A4
List of cytochrome P450 modulators
List_of_cytochrome_P450_modulators
Pharmaceutical compound
(January 2026). "In vivo and in vitro toxicokinetics including metabolism, isozyme mapping, and monoamine oxidase inhibition of three (2-aminopropyl)benzo[b]thiophene
5-APBT
Spores produced in an ascus
outer dityrosine coat. In wild-type cells a pair of chitin-deacetylase isozymes (Cda1, Cda2) convert the innermost chitin scaffold to chitosan; loss of
Ascospore
American biologist
October 1, 1999) was an American biologist credited with the discovery of isozymes (different forms of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction). He was a
Clement_Markert
Enzyme encoded in humans by the gene CPB2
Carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2), also known as carboxypeptidase U (CPU), plasma carboxypeptidase B (pCPB) or thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)
Carboxypeptidase_B2
Set of biochemical processes
initiates its conversion into other amino acids, can be broken up into 3 isozymes, AK-I, II and III. AK-I is feed-back inhibited by threonine, while AK-II
Amino_acid_synthesis
American biochemist
contribution to cell signaling is the discovery of seven of the twelve isozymes of phospholipase C He was ranked among the most cited 250 biochemists and
Rhee_Sue-goo
Variety of grape
Ph.D. student Wade Wolfe showed that the two varieties had identical isozyme fingerprints. An earlier line of research on Zinfandel can be found in
Zinfandel
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial (PCK2, PEPCK-M), is an isozyme of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK, PEPCK) that in humans is encoded
PCK2
Enzyme found in humans
PMC 332284. PMID 1977133. Sato S, Zhu XL, Sly WS (1990). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IV and II in urinary membranes from carbonic anhydrase II-deficient patients"
Carbonic_anhydrase_II
Class of enzymes
between the second and third pyrrole ring into a single bond. There are two isozymes in humans, each encoded by its own gene, biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA)
Biliverdin_reductase
Medical condition
will also show: An increased lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) level. The isozyme is LDH-2 which is typical of the serum and hematopoietic cells. Increased
Megaloblastic_anemia
Enzyme
structures are monomeric Humans express the following two acylphosphatase isozymes: "RCSB Protein Data Bank - Structure Summary for 2W4P - HUMAN COMMON-TYPE
Acylphosphatase
ISOZYME
ISOZYME
ISOZYME
ISOZYME
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Lorri, LORI means "land of the people of Lothar." Compare with another form of Lori.
Boy/Male
African
child that comes and goes'.
Boy/Male
Greek
Divine gift.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Srabonti | ஸà¯à®°à®ªà¯‹à®¨à¯à®¤à¯€
Girl/Female
Tamil
Good
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Modesty Given by Guru
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for the Helpless
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Sharp-tongued
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lingadhyaksha | லிஂகாதà¯à®¯à®•à¯à®·
Lord of the lingas
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Slave of Allah
ISOZYME
ISOZYME
ISOZYME
ISOZYME
ISOZYME