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Carboxylic acid (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
Isovaleric acid, also known as 3-methylbutanoic acid or β-methylbutyric acid, is a branched-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H
Isovaleric_acid
Medical condition disrupting normal metabolism
Isovaleric acidemia is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which disrupts or prevents normal metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine
Isovaleric_acidemia
Chemical compound
Carboxylic Acids". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 80 (11): 2882–2887. Bibcode:1958JAChS..80.2882C. doi:10.1021/ja01544a072. "3-OH-isovaleric acid".
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Carboxylic acid – CH3(CH2)3COOH
Valeric acid is one volatile component in swine manure. Other components include other carboxylic acids, skatole, trimethyl amine, and isovaleric acid. It
Valeric_acid
Chemical compound
an organic compound that is the ester formed from ethyl alcohol and isovaleric acid. It has a fruity odour and flavour and is used in perfumery and as
Ethyl_isovalerate
Tranquilizer based with herbs Valerian, hops, peppermint & phenobarbital, a barbiturate
chemical is 3-methylbutyric acid, also known as isovaleric acid or isopentanoic acid. It is a simple short-chain fatty acid also produced by many bacteria
Corvalol
Chemical compound
Menthyl isovalerate, also known as validolum, is the menthyl ester of isovaleric acid. It is a transparent oily, colorless liquid with a smell of menthol
Menthyl_isovalerate
Chemical compound
Barbital (or barbitone), sold under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate
Barbital
Organic compound
acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid
Uric_acid
Chemical compound
compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)NH2. The amide derived from isovaleric acid, it is a colourless solid. Isovaleramide is a constituent of valerian
Isovaleramide
Species of flowering plant
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Valeric acid Isovaleric acid Iridoids, including valepotriates Sesquiterpenes (contained in the volatile oil): valerenic acid, hydroxyvalerenic
Valerian_(herb)
Type of molecule
as the (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes at 300 °C. When warmed with mineral acid, limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also
Limonene
Heightened sense of smell
OR11H7P pseudogene have a lower receptor activation threshold for isovaleric acid. These individuals are hyperosmic for this single odorant. Another
Hyperosmia
Benzodiazepine medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Lorazepam
Chemical compound
anti-inflammatory drugs. Bromisoval can be prepared by bromination of isovaleric acid by the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction followed by reaction with urea
Bromisoval
French soft cheese
fats), phenethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, δ-decalactone, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid, as well as volatile sulfur compounds such as S-Methyl thioacetate
Camembert
Obsolete sedative–hypnotic drug
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Methaqualone
Pungent chemical compound in chili peppers
the branched-chain fatty acid pathway. To produce capsaicin, 8-methyl-6-nonenoyl-CoA is produced by the branched-chain fatty acid pathway and condensed with
Capsaicin
Benzodiazepine medication
increasing the effect of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Clonazepam was patented in 1960 and approved in 1975 in the United
Clonazepam
Class of CNS depressant drugs
depressants that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing)
Benzodiazepine
Pentacyclic chemical compound in plant leaves and fruit
Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid related to betulinic acid. It is widely distributed in food and plants
Oleanolic_acid
Chemical compound
Phytic acid is a six-fold dihydrogenphosphate ester of inositol (specifically, of the myo isomer), also called inositol hexaphosphate, inositol hexakisphosphate
Phytic_acid
Chemical compound
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant drug. It is a precursor to
Γ-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Class of enzymes
PMID 6401713. Tanaka K, Budd MA, Efron ML, Isselbacher KJ (1966). "Isovaleric acidemia: a new genetic defect of leucine metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad
Isovaleryl-CoA_dehydrogenase
Portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely digested
absorption A slowing of bile acid absorption in the ileum so bile acids escape through to the cecum Altered or increased bile acid metabolism in the cecum
Dietary_fiber
Chemical compound
enter the citric acid cycle and provide direct fuel in muscle tissue. Racemic valine can be synthesized by bromination of isovaleric acid followed by amination
Valine
Chemical compound
Dehydroabietic acid is a naturally occurring abietane-type diterpenoid resin acid, which is found in coniferous trees. It actually is the main component
Dehydroabietic_acid
Vitamer of Vitamin B3
Nicotinic acid, or niacin, is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient. It is produced by plants and animals from the
Nicotinic_acid
Chemical sedative and hypnotic drug
glucuronide by erythrocytes and plasma esterases and into trichloroacetic acid in 4 to 5 days. It has a very narrow therapeutic window making this drug
Chloral_hydrate
Class of oily organic compounds found in plants
hemiterpene. It may form oxygen-containing derivatives such as prenol and isovaleric acid analogous to terpenoids. Monoterpenes consist of two isoprene units
Terpene
alfalfa Oleanolic acid: American pokeweed, honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, cloves, and many other Syzygium species Ursolic acid: apples, basil, bilberries
List of phytochemicals in food
List_of_phytochemicals_in_food
Medication
high blood uric acid levels. It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can
Allopurinol
Naturally occurring sedative and hallucinogen
Muscimol, also known as agarin, pantherine, or pyroibotenic acid, is a GABAA receptor agonist with sedative and hallucinogenic effects and the principal
Muscimol
CNS depressant medication
medication is structurally related to the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and hence is a GABA analogue. Phenibut is thought to act as a GABAB
Phenibut
Chemical compound
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In humans, GBL acts as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and is often used as a recreational drug. GHB acts as a central nervous
Γ-Butyrolactone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
significantly more likely to exhibit hyperosmia to the chemical isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid was shown to be a ligand of OR11H7. Olfactory receptor GRCm38:
OR11H7
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
in hypoxanthine, adenine, and guanine lead to higher blood levels of uric acid. Foods having more than 200 mg of hypoxanthine per 100 g, particularly red
Purine
Pentacyclic chemical compound found in fruits
Ursolic acid (sometimes referred to as urson, prunol, malol, or 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid), is a pentacyclic triterpenoid identified in the epicuticular
Ursolic_acid
Chemical compound
5′-guanidylic acid or guanylic acid (conjugate base guanylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the
Guanosine_monophosphate
Chemical compound
Caffeic acid is an organic compound with the formula (HO)2C6H3CH=CHCO2H. It plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in energy
Caffeic_acid
Medication of the barbiturate type
preparation for a 99mTc-IDA hepatobiliary (HIDA; hepatobiliary 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid) study that differentiates atresia from hepatitis or cholestasis. In massive
Phenobarbital
Barbiturate
US patent 1954429, Shonle HA, "Propyl-Methyl Carbinyl Allyl Barbituric Acid and its Salts", issued 1934-04-10, assigned to Eli Lilly Dembosky A (23
Secobarbital
Type of body odor that affects the feet of humans
Pálpusztai and Munster their characteristic pungency. Isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid), another source of foot odor, is produced by Staphylococcus
Foot_odor
Chemical compound
γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is sometimes seen on the grey market
Γ-Hydroxyvaleric_acid
Genus of flowering plants
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Cannabis
Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants
Barbiturate
One of four stable isomers of butanediol
HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid first synthesized in 1890 via acidic hydrolysis of N,N'-dinitro-1,4-butanediamine by Dutch chemist Pieter Johannes
1,4-Butanediol
Barbiturate general anesthetic
5-ethyl-5-(1'-methyl-3'-hydroxybutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid, and 5-ethyl-5-(1'-methyl-3'-carboxypropyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid. The usual dose range for induction of anesthesia
Sodium_thiopental
Primary alcohol compound (CH3CH2CH2OH)
PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions
1-Propanol
Chemical compound
Abietic acid (also known as abietinic acid or sylvic acid) is a diterpenoid found in coniferous trees. It is supposed to exist to defend the host plant
Abietic_acid
Benzodiazepine used for anesthesia and procedural sedation
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Midazolam
Triazolobenzodiazepine/Clonazepam derivative
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Clonazolam
Drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, reducing brain activity
3-Chloropropanoic acid (UMB66) 3-phenylpropyloxybutyric acid (UMB72) 4-benzyloxybutyric acid (UMB73) 4-hydroxy-4-napthylbutanoic acid (UMB86) 5-Hydroxypentanoate
Depressant
Chemical compound
Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleotide (that is, a nucleoside monophosphate). Widely used as a flavor enhancer, it is typically obtained
Inosinic_acid
Fatty acid with fewer than six carbon atoms
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms. Derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, SCFAs
Short-chain_fatty_acid
Chemical compound
Hopantenic acid (homopantothenic acid), also known as N-pantoyl-GABA, is a central nervous system depressant. Formulated as the calcium salt, it is used
Hopantenic_acid
Hypnotic medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Eszopiclone
Benzodiazepine sedative
directly at the more reactive C7 position with potassium nitrate in sulfuric acid. Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepine dependence Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Nitrazepam
Active ingredient in fermented drinks
itself is not highly toxic, but its metabolites formaldehyde and formic acid are; therefore, to reduce the rate of production and concentration of these
Alcohol_(drug)
Triazolobenzodiazepine sleep medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Triazolam
Italian hard cheese
compounds, including various aldehydes and butyrates. Butyric acid and isovaleric acid together are sometimes used to imitate the dominant aromas. Parmigiano
Parmesan
Short-acting barbiturate
Pentobarbital can occur as a free acid but is usually formulated as the sodium salt, pentobarbital sodium. The free acid is only slightly soluble in water
Pentobarbital
Hypnotic medication
it increases the transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, via positive allosteric modulation
Zopiclone
Chemical compound
Aceburic acid (INN), also known as 4-acetoxybutanoic acid or 4-hydroxybutyric acid acetate, is a drug described as an analgesic which was never marketed
Aceburic_acid
Chemical compound
Mefenamic acid is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives (or fenamate) class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and is used to treat
Mefenamic_acid
Antidepressant medication
the corresponding carboxylic acid (4), reduction to the alcohol (5) allows for mirtazapine (6) to be synthesised via an acid mediated cyclisation. Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine
Species of plant
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Kava
Muscle relaxant medication
which was nitrated with sodium nitrate in sulfuric acid and reduced using iron and acetic acid. The amine intermediate was treated with benzoyl chloride
Tizanidine
CHCl3, historical anaesthetic and common solvent
an obsolete name for the methylylidene radical (CH) derived from formic acid. Many kinds of seaweed produce chloroform, and fungi are believed to produce
Chloroform
Benzodiazepine used for severe insomnia
temazepam is to increase the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor. This causes sedation, motor impairment, ataxia
Temazepam
Chemical compound
disorder known as isovaleric acidemia, characterized by metabolic crises, developmental delays, and a distinctive odor due to isovaleric acid buildup. The
Isovaleryl-CoA
Chemical compound
5'-cytidylic acid or simply cytidylate, and abbreviated CMP, is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the
Cytidine_monophosphate
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Tetrabarbital
Make up Saturated Fats
fatty acids: Saturated branched-chain fatty acids: List of unsaturated fatty acids Carboxylic acid List of carboxylic acids Dicarboxylic acid "LIPID
List_of_saturated_fatty_acids
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Procymate
Hypnotic medication
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Ramelteon
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Hexapropymate
Chemical compound
aminophenazone under the name Demalgon. Diethylmalonic acid [510-20-3] (1) is decarboxylated to 2-ethylvaleric acid [20225-24-5] (2). The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
Carbromal
Barbiturate
Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isoamylbarbituric acid), like all barbiturates, is synthesized by reacting malonic acid derivatives with urea derivatives. In particular
Amobarbital
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Probarbital
Chemical compounds produced by plants
are known phytotoxins that are toxic to humans; for example, aristolochic acid is carcinogenic at low doses. Some phytochemicals are antinutrients that
Phytochemical
Chemotherapy and immunosuppressant medication
blocking the body's use of folic acid, so taking folic acid supplements can reduce its effectiveness. Folinic acid (leucovorin) is used to reduce the
Methotrexate
Bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant
metabolite of caffeine, is processed in the liver into xanthine and methyluric acid, peaks in the blood 2–3 hours after ingestion due to its fat solubility,
Theobromine
Antidepressant medication
increased trazodone and mCPP levels. Serotonergic psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are thought to mediate their hallucinogenic
Trazodone
Chemical compound
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Necopidem
Chemical compound (C4H9OH)
to butyraldehyde; this is then converted to butyric acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Butyric acid can be fully metabolized to carbon dioxide and water
1-Butanol
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
Methylbutanoic acids 2-Methylbutanoic acid (2R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid (2S)-2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid (isovaleric acid) Methyl butyrate
C5H10O2
Medication used to treat insomnia
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Zaleplon
Benzodiazepine sedative
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Flunitrazepam
Disorder causing trouble with sleeping
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Insomnia
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well
Methanol
Medication for parasite infestations
1038/ncomms2924. PMID 23728580. Kim SG, Kim BK, Kim K, Fang S (December 2016). "Bile Acid Nuclear Receptor Farnesoid X Receptor: Therapeutic Target for Nonalcoholic
Ivermectin
Chemical compound
Theacrine, also known as 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid, is a purine alkaloid found in cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), in a Chinese variety of tea called
Theacrine
Species of plant
Yarrow contains isovaleric acid, salicylic acid, asparagine, sterols, and flavonoids. It also contains phenolic acids such as gallic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxy
Achillea_millefolium
Chemical compound
medicine through the use of the plant from which it is extracted. Madecassic acid James, Jacinda T.; Dubery, Ian A. (9 October 2009). "Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
Madecassoside
Organic compound ((CH3)2CO); simplest ketone
diets that increase ketone bodies (acetone, β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid) in the blood are used to suppress epileptic attacks in children
Acetone
Veterinary anesthetic, sedative and analgesic
Ibotenic acid (Amanita muscaria) Kavalactones Loreclezole Muscimol (Amanita muscaria) Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic
Xylazine
Chemical compound
Hexobarbital or hexobarbitone, sold both in acid and sodium salt forms as Citopan, Evipan, and Tobinal, is a barbiturate derivative having hypnotic and
Hexobarbital
Flowers that smell like rotting flesh
found. Methyl thioacetate (which has a cheesy, garlic-like odor) and isovaleric acid (smells of sweat) also contribute to the smell of the flower. Trimethylamine
Carrion_flower
Odor produced by a living animal
people might find it pleasant at lower concentrations. Isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid) is the other source of body odor as a result of actions
Body_odor
travel, tourism, insurance
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
ISOVALERIC ACID
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