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Signaling proteins released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens
Interferons (IFNs, /ˌɪntərˈfɪərɒn/ IN-tər-FEER-on) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several
Interferon
Topics referred to by the same term
IFN is an abbreviation for interferon, a signaling protein. IFN or IfN may also refer to: Integrated Flux Nebula, a cloud of gas and dust illuminated by
IFN_(disambiguation)
Cytokine
types are designated IFN-α (alpha), IFN-β (beta), IFN-κ (kappa), IFN-δ (delta), IFN-ε (epsilon), IFN-τ (tau), IFN-ω (omega), and IFN-ζ (zeta, also known
Interferon_type_I
InterPro Family
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a family of dimerized soluble cytokine cytokines in the type II class of interferons. In humans, IFN-γ is the only type II
Interferon_gamma
Group of anti-viral cytokines
defense against viruses in the epithelium. In humans, the IFN-λs are IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4. The first three used to be known as IL29, IL28A, and
Interferon_type_III
Heterodimeric receptor
membrane receptor which binds endogenous type I interferon (IFN) cytokines. Endogenous human type I IFNs include many subtypes, such as interferons-α, -β, -ε
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor
Interferon-alpha/beta_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cytokines with IFN-like activities has been described and designated as type III IFNs (IFN-λ1-3). In humans, there are 13 different IFN-alpha genes, designated
Interferon_alpha-1
Pharmaceutical drug
interferon alpha (IFN-α). The major subtypes identified are IFN-α1, IFN-α2, IFN-α8, IFN-α10, IFN-α14 and IFN-α21. Of these, IFN-α2 and IFN-α14 are glycosylated
Interferon_alfa
Category of small signaling proteins
share the common gamma chain as part of their receptor. the interferon (IFN) subfamily. the IL-10 subfamily. The IL-1 family, which primarily includes
Cytokine
Interfaith charity in the United Kingdom
Network for the United Kingdom (also known as The Inter Faith Network or IFN) was a charity in the United Kingdom which had the objects "to advance public
The_Inter_Faith_Network
Type of medical test
especially tuberculosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays rely on the fact that T-lymphocytes will release IFN-γ when exposed to specific antigens. These
Interferon gamma release assay
Interferon_gamma_release_assay
Sendai virus, virus of rodents
antiviral response is type I interferons (IFNs) production and most cells can produce type I IFNs, including IFN-α and -β. The recognition by cellular molecules
Murine_respirovirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and it belongs to type III interferons group, also termed interferons λ (IFN-λ). IL-29 (alternative name IFNλ1) plays an important role in the immune
Interleukin_29
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
action of type III IFNs, also known as IFNλ, is limited to epithelial cells while type I IFNs act on all body's cells. Type I IFNs form a family of several
IFNA2
Body of interstellar clouds
are nebulae; Herbig–Haro objects are an example. Integrated Flux Nebulae (IFN) are a relatively recently (2004) identified astronomical phenomenon. In
Nebula
Component of the innate immune system
enter the nucleus to promote transcription of inflammatory genes, such as IFN-β. cGAS is a 522-amino-acid protein and a member of the nucleotidyltransferase
CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway
CGAS–STING_cytosolic_DNA_sensing_pathway
Airport in Isfahan, Iran
Isfahan Shahid Beheshti International Airport (IATA: IFN, ICAO: OIFM) (Persian: فرودگاه بینالمللی شهید بهشتی اصفهان) is an international airport serving
Isfahan Shahid Beheshti International Airport
Isfahan_Shahid_Beheshti_International_Airport
Protein found in humans
humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene. ISG15 is induced by type I interferon (IFN) and serves many functions, acting both as an extracellular cytokine and
ISG15
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
McLeod D, Kelaeng KS, Mangia A, Berg T, Thabet K, et al. (May 2017). "IFN-λ3, not IFN-λ4, likely mediates IFNL3-IFNL4 haplotype-dependent hepatic inflammation
Interferon_lambda_4
Type of white blood cell
interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) and IL-12. IL-12 acts with IL-18 to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by NK cells
Macrophage
The French Institute in Nigeria (in French: Institut français du Nigéria) (IFN) is part of the worldwide organisation of Instituts français (French Institutes)
Institut_français_du_Nigéria
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
omega-1 is a protein that is encoded by the IFNW1 gene. Interferon omega-1 (IFN-ω) is a subtype of the Interferon type I family. The Interferon Type 1 family
IFNW1
(IFNτ, IFNT) is a Type I interferon made of a single chain of amino acids. IFN-τ was first discovered in ruminants as the signal for the maternal recognition
Interferon_tau
Autoimmune disease
suggested the activation of the innate immune system, notably through the IFN system, B-cell activation through CXCR5-directed recruitment to lymphoid
Sjögren's_disease
Human disease caused by protist parasites
proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Co-culture of T cells with B cells decreased the percentage of CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion four-fold
Visceral_leishmaniasis
Protein family
interferon (IFN)-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR), which is a 43 kDa soluble glycoprotein that is secreted from infected cells early during infection. IFN-gammaR
Interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR1) family
Interferon_gamma_receptor_(IFNGR1)_family
Pharmaceutical drug
cats and dogs, both by injection and orally. The cross-species nature of IFN-α allow it to work in non-human animals, but the period of usefulness is
Interferon_alfa-2b
Humanized monoclonal antibody
neutralizing monoclonal antibody that specifically targets interferon beta (IFN-β). Dazukibart functions by neutralizing interferon beta-1 (IFNB1), a type
Dazukibart
Enzyme and coding gene in humans
(the other members are JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3). It has been implicated in IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 signaling. This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine
Tyrosine_kinase_2
Type of cytokines secreted by adipose tissue
progranulin CTRP-4 Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated
Adipokine
Biological protein
Ethan; Thanos, Dimitris (2010-03-01). "The transcriptional code of human IFN-β gene expression". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory
Enhanceosome
Group of innate immune cells that are derived from common lymphoid progenitors
cell types produce IFN-γ as their principle cytokine and require the transcription factor T-bet to do so. Both cells can also produce IFN-γ when the cytokines
Innate_lymphoid_cell
Immune modulating medication
inhibits JAK1 (IC50 = 100 nM) and JAK2 (IC50 = 20 nM), which in turn blocks IFN-γ and IL-6 signalling and consequently Th1 cell differentiation. One mechanism
Janus_kinase_inhibitor
Class of biochemical compounds
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
Cucurbitacin
Extra-planar nebulae
Integrated Flux Nebulae (IFN) are a relatively recently (2004) identified astronomical phenomenon. In contrast to the typical and well-known gaseous nebulae
Integrated_Flux_Nebula
Type II cytokine receptor
binds the type III interferons (IFN-λs), which in humans include IFN-λ1 (IL29), IFN-λ2 (IL28A), IFN-λ3 (IL28B), and IFN-λ4. It is a heterodimer of two
Interferon-lambda_receptor
Diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis infection
quantification of IFN-gamma in international units (IU) per mL. An individual is considered positive for M. tuberculosis infection if the IFN-gamma response
Quantiferon
T cell that kills infected, damaged or cancerous cells
T cells also have the ability to make some cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, with antitumour and antimicrobial effects. The immune system must recognize
Cytotoxic_T_cell
Protein family
epigenetic regulation by promoter DNA methylation. IRFs primarily regulate type I IFNs in the host after pathogen invasion and are considered the crucial mediators
Interferon_regulatory_factors
Outermost layer of many types of the infectious agent
immunological responses brought on by Toll-like receptors and type I interferons (IFNs) when they are activated by the ligands Gas6 and Protein S. The phospholipid
Viral_envelope
Type of immune cell
and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The Th0 cells will then differentiate into Th1 or Th2 cells depending on cytokine environment. IFN-γ drives Th1 cell production
Helper_T_cell
Veterinary medication
Recombinant feline interferon omega (RFeIFN-ω), sold under the brand name Virbagen Omega among others, is a recombinant version of a cat interferon alpha
Recombinant feline interferon omega
Recombinant_feline_interferon_omega
Protein-coding gene in humans
prostate. Gene expression of CXCL11 is strongly induced by IFN-γ and IFN-β, and weakly induced by IFN-α. This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells
CXCL11
Private independent research foundation
Institute of Industrial Economics (Swedish: Institutet för Näringslivsforskning, IFN) is a private independent research foundation based in Stockholm, Sweden
Research Institute of Industrial Economics
Research_Institute_of_Industrial_Economics
Contagious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2
Hoffmann HH, Zhang Y, et al. (October 2020). "Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19". Science. 370 (6515) eabd4585
COVID-19
Class of immunosuppressive drug
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
TNF_inhibitor
Protein-coding gene
been discovered to bind heparin. IFN-kappa belongs to the family of type I interferons. IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, and IFN-ω are among the many cytokine
IFNK
Immune hypersensitivity reaction causing rash
cells release proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Despite the known association with IFN-γ, erythema multiforme is not considered a humorally-mediated
Erythema_multiforme
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
Ectodysplasin_A_receptor
Immunity strategy in living beings
where they induce IFN production with the presence of a particular transcription factor and activate transcription factor 2. IFN is secreted through
Innate_immune_system
Interleukin
interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and reduces IL-4 mediated suppression of IFN-γ. T cells
Interleukin_12
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
prevents the binding of IL18 to its receptor, and thus inhibits IL18-induced IFN-gamma production. This protein is constitutively expressed and secreted in
IL18BP
Austrian door and window manufacturer
Internorm sales office for the southern region. AG, IFN Holding (2015-11-11). "IFN – Company Profile". www.ifn-holding.com. Retrieved 2017-07-11. "Facts and
Internorm
Chemical compound
Albinterferon (alb-IFN, trade name Albuferon) is a recombinant fusion protein drug consisting of interferon alpha (IFN-α) linked to human albumin. Conjugation
Albinterferon
immune response and leads to clearance of certain pathogens. Interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases encompass four families of proteins including myxovirus
IRGs
Cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptors (TLR), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or after infection of monocytes herpes virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Interleukin_15
Group of cytokine proteins
IL-18 is known as a factor that induces the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ). It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that shares similar biological effects
Interleukin-1_family
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
B, et al. (April 2006). "Characterization of the mouse IFN-lambda ligand-receptor system: IFN-lambdas exhibit antitumor activity against B16 melanoma"
Interferon_lambda_3
Protein that stimulates red blood cell production
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
Erythropoietin
Family of interleukins
cytokine are type III interferon (IFN) family. This subfamily share intersecting biology and signaling pathways with type I IFN family cytokines but the difference
IL-10_family
Specialized subtype of cytotoxic lymphocyte
proliferation and long-term persistence for up to 3 months in vivo, high IFN-γ production, potent cytotoxic activity upon ex vivo restimulation, and protective
Adaptive_NK_cell
Protein-coding gene in Homo sapiens
In response to IFN, this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (IRF9) and form ISGF-3 (IFN-stimulated gene
STAT2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
constitutively associate with IFNGR1 and IFNGR2, respectively. Binding of IFN-γ to IFNGR1 induces the rapid dimerization of IFNGR1 chains, thereby forming
Interferon-gamma_receptor
Group of innate immune system disorders
Multiple (TRAPS) and Uncharacterized (CRMO or Behçet disease) IL-1 mediated IFN-mediated Mediated by increased NF-κB activation Most proteins known to be
Autoinflammatory_diseases
Skin condition where patches lose pigment
interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) chemokines from keratinocytes, potentially contributing to vitiligo. JAK inhibitors like ruxolitinib show promise in targeting the IFN-γ-chemokine
Vitiligo
Protein family
pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, e.g. produced by mast cells, IFN-γ and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2). OX40L has also been designated CD252 (cluster
OX40_ligand
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon gamma receptor 2 also known as IFN-γR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene. This gene (IFNGR2) encodes the non-ligand-binding
Interferon_gamma_receptor_2
Viral pulmonary disease of humans
permeability and inflammatory reactions. These cytokines include interferon (IFN), interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is a class of medication that includes three different drugs as of 2012: Peginterferon alfa-2a Peginterferon alfa-2b Peginterferon
Pegylated_interferon
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
IFN-γR1, which is the ligand-binding chain (alpha) of the heterodimeric gamma interferon receptor, which is found on macrophages. IFNGR2, encodes IFN-γR2
Interferon_gamma_receptor_1
Mammalian protein found in humans
transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-beta (IFN-β), glucocorticoids (GCs), lipoxins, vitamin D, lipoxygenase
Interleukin_8
Medication
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
Ruxolitinib
Chronic disease caused by bacterial infection
(TT/BT), cellular immunity is dominated by Th1 cytokines—notably IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α—which activate macrophages, favor granuloma organization, and
Leprosy
Receptor family
type I (including IFNα and IFNβ) and type III interferons (IFN). The type I IFNs bind type I IFN receptors on the surface of the cell that produced them
RIG-I-like_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
its induction by type I interferons (IFN-Is), USP18 carries out three functional interactions: USP18 inhibits IFN-I signaling by disrupting the receptor
USP18
Biological signaling pathway h
required for the transcription of some target genes of the cytokines IL-6 and IFN- γ. It has been proposed that phosphorylation of serine can regulate STAT1
JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway
Chemical compound
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
Baricitinib
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and IFN-γ production in response to IL-12. There are two known STAT4 transcripts, STAT4α and STAT4β, differing in the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ
STAT4
Medication
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
Tofacitinib
Hematological malignancy
neutrophil count (above 1.5 K/μL). IFN-alpha is considered the drug of choice for pregnant women with active HCL. IFN-alpha works by sensitizing the hairy
Hairy_cell_leukemia
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Leptin-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine
Janus_kinase_1
These proteins are generally produced during viral infection by interferon (IFN) treatment as well as during pathogen recognition (Pathogen associated molecular
IFIT_proteins
Connective tissue cell of any organ
programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and many more. Inflammatory cytokines like IFN-gamma can stimulate the expression of these immunoregulatory mediators like
Stromal_cell
Anti-inflammatory cytokine
(Mda-7), IL-26 and interferons type-I (IFN-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, -kappa, -omega), type-II (IFN-gamma) and type-III (IFN-lambda, including IL-28A, IL-28B,
Interleukin_10
Mammalian protein found in humans
macrophages. Th1 polarization also activates the immune cells in response to IFN-γ. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a key for clinical outcomes and prediction
CXCL9
Type of cytotoxic lymphocyte
important cytokines they secrete include TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TGF-β, among others. For example, IFN-γ dilates and thins the walls of maternal spiral
Natural_killer_cell
Lens mount
include i-Function (iFn), which allows control of various camera settings via a ring and button on the lens. NX5 and NX10 cameras support iFn since firmware
Samsung_NX-mount
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Musiani P, Rosso O, Meazza R, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP, Ferrini S (2002). "IFN-gamma-independent synergistic effects of IL-12 and IL-15 induce anti-tumor
Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin_15_receptor,_alpha_subunit
British Sharia-compliant bank
Retrieved 12 July 2013. "IFN Award Winners". Islamic Finance News. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013. "IFN Award Winners 2008"
BLME
Infectious disease
infection, white blood cells in the sample will release interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which can be measured. This test is more reliable than the Mantoux test
Tuberculosis
American immunologist
Bastard, P; Rosen, LB; Zhang, Q (2020). "Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19". Science. 370 (6515) eabd4585
Mark_Anderson_(immunologist)
Overreaction of the immune system to an antigen
responses (IgE, IL-4, IL-13-driven). Type IV are type 1 immune responses (IFN-γ, Th1, CD8 T cell-driven), when considering the original Gell-Coombs classification
Hypersensitivity
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins bind to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and regulate expression of genes stimulated by type I IFNs, namely IFN-α and IFN-β. IRF family proteins
IRF8
Biological process
combination of LPS and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Similarly in vivo, classically activated macrophages arise in response to IFN-γ produced by Th1 lymphocytes or
Macrophage_polarization
Cancer affecting Tasmanian devils
Tasmanian devils with the disease. Live cancer cells that were treated with IFN-γ to restore MHC-I expression, were injected into the infected devils to
Devil_facial_tumour_disease
Vaccine containing DNA
and secretion. Stimulated macrophages secrete IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ, while stimulated B-cells secrete IL-6 and some IL-12. Manipulation
DNA_vaccine
Online bioinformatics database
The database contains information on type I (IFN alpha, beta), type II (IFN gamma) and type III (IFN lambda) regulated genes and is regularly updated
Interferome
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
in the regulation of human interferon (IFN) response, specifically to interferon-gamma (IFN-G). For example, IFN-stimulated genes were found to be greatly
Endogenous_retrovirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK) Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1) Peginterferon
TNFSF12
Group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses
permeability and inflammatory reactions. These cytokines include interferon (IFN), interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Hantavirus_hemorrhagic_fever_with_renal_syndrome
IFN
IFN
IFN
IFN
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ojaswani | ஓஜஸà¯à®µà®¾à®¨à¯€
All day singing
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Light; A Flame; Silk-cotton Tree; Candle
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Cheerfulness
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Sun; Radiant Like the Sun
Girl/Female
French
Untamed.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Not Young; Elder; Superior
Boy/Male
Arabic
Happiness
Girl/Female
Norse
Bolli's daughter.
Boy/Male
Tamil
New Veda knowledge
Girl/Female
Muslim
Name of the a of Sayyidina Ismail
IFN
IFN
IFN
IFN
IFN