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Destruction of religious images
Iconoclasm (from Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn) 'figure, icon' and κλάω (kláō) 'to break') is the belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and
Iconoclasm
Periods in Byzantine history during which religious images were banned
The Byzantine Iconoclasm (Ancient Greek: Εἰκονομαχία, romanized: Eikonomachía, lit. 'image struggle', 'war on icons') refers to two periods in the history
Byzantine_Iconoclasm
Destruction of religious centers, art, and artifacts by Hindutva militants
Hindutva iconoclasm is the purposeful targeting and alteration of structures, symbols, or places of worship that are associated with non-Hindu religions
Hindutva_iconoclasm
Yoruba Iconoclasm began in the 20th century. In the Yoruba context, objects are usually destroyed for religious reasons, with the widespread adoption of
Yoruba_iconoclasm
Avoidance of images of sentient beings in Islamic art
In Islamic art, the avoidance of images of sentient beings, or aniconism, stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry in Islam and in part from the
Aniconism_in_Islam
Iconoclasm played a significant role during the French Revolution, reflecting the broader social, political, and religious shifts of the time. This movement
Iconoclasm during the French Revolution
Iconoclasm_during_the_French_Revolution
Period of Byzantine history from 820 to 867
867. The Amorian dynasty continued the policy of restored iconoclasm (the "Second Iconoclasm") started by the previous non-dynastic emperor Leo V in 813
Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Amorian_dynasty
Head of the Catholic Church from 731 to 741
pontificate, like that of his predecessor, was disturbed by Byzantine iconoclasm and the advance of the Lombards, in which he invoked the intervention
Pope_Gregory_III
15th- and 16th-century art of the Low Countries
market stalls. A majority of the works were destroyed during waves of iconoclasm in the 16th and 17th centuries; today only a few thousand examples survive
Early_Netherlandish_painting
16th-century European iconoclastic riots
16th century, known in English as the Great Iconoclasm or Iconoclastic Fury. During these spates of iconoclasm, Catholic art and many forms of church fittings
Beeldenstorm
Beatified American Catholic bishop and televangelist (1895–1979)
Climacus Maximus the Confessor Monothelitism Ecthesis Bede John of Damascus Iconoclasm Transubstantiation dispute Predestination disputes Paulinus II of Aquileia
Fulton_J._Sheen
Byzantine emperor from 717 to 741
striking legislative reforms dealt with religious matters, especially iconoclasm ("icon-breaking," therefore an iconoclast is an "icon-breaker"). After
Leo_III_the_Isaurian
Oldest icon of Jesus
which was destroyed twice during the first and second waves of Byzantine Iconoclasm—first in 726, and again in 814—and thus its connection with the Christ
Christ_Pantocrator_(Sinai)
British public service broadcaster
June 1973. p. 57. ISSN 0006-2510. "Terry Wogan: Broadcaster whose gentle iconoclasm made him much-loved by radio and television audiences". The Independent
BBC
King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553
traditionalists on the one hand and the zealots on the other, who led incidents of iconoclasm (image-smashing) and complained that reform did not go far enough. Cranmer
Edward_VI
Protestant theologian's perspective on the mother of Jesus Christ
Statues in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht, attacked in Reformation iconoclasm in the 16th century
John_Calvin's_views_on_Mary
Religious service to icons
iconophilism) was manifested as a moderate position, between two extremes: iconoclasm (radical opposition to the use of icons) and iconolatry (idolatric veritable
Iconodulism
Byzantine emperor from 813 to 820
with the Bulgars, as well as initiating the second period of Byzantine iconoclasm. A senior general of Armenian origin, Leo distinguished himself under
Leo_V_the_Armenian
Art of the Byzantine Empire
more religious than aesthetic in nature: especially after the end of iconoclasm, they were understood to manifest the unique "presence" of the figure
Byzantine_art
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 837 to 843
epithet Grammatikos) and for his rhetorical skills. He was a supporter of iconoclasm, and before his patriarchate he played a role in its restoration at the
John_VII_of_Constantinople
Medical condition
Iconophobia is differentiated from iconoclasm in that iconophobia refers to the aversion to or hatred of the images whereas iconoclasm refers to the actual destruction
Iconophobia
Prohibition of the veneration of images in Christianity
invisible God." Aniconism was notable during the controversy of the Byzantine iconoclasm of the eighth century, and following the Protestant Reformation of the
Aniconism_in_Christianity
Byzantine emperor from 820 to 829
Domestically, he supported and strengthened the resumption of official iconoclasm, which had begun again under Leo V. Michael was born c. 770 in Amorium
Michael_II
Worship of icons
parts of icons into the Holy Communion. Iconolatry is the opposite of iconoclasm, and it also should not be confused with iconophilia, designating the
Iconolatry
1972 act of damage to a 15th-century sculpture
1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Gamboni, Dario (1997). The destruction of art: iconoclasm and vandalism since the French Revolution. Reaktion Books. pp. 202–203
Vandalism of Michelangelo's Pietà
Vandalism_of_Michelangelo's_Pietà
Type of Christian relic
precious stones. During the Beeldenstorm of the 16th century and continued iconoclasm of the 17th century, Catholic churches throughout Europe were systematically
Catacomb_saints
Religion in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Islam in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1945–1991) covers a period of time when the Communist Party of Albania came to power under Enver Hoxha
Islam in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Islam_in_the_People's_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
Military defeats and societal disorder, especially the resurgence of iconoclasm, characterised the next eighteen years. Stability was somewhat restored
Byzantine_Empire
Iconoclastic Christian council held in 754
Protestants. The council was significant in the controversy of Byzantine iconoclasm, condemning the veneration and production of religious icons as idolatrous
Council_of_Hieria
German theologian (1486–1541)
and parts of northern France) were hit by a large wave of Protestant iconoclasm in the summer of 1566. In the Netherlands this is called the "Beeldenstorm"
Andreas_Karlstadt
Period of Byzantine history from 717 to 802
the Franks. The Isaurian dynasty is chiefly associated with Byzantine iconoclasm, an attempt to restore divine favour by purifying the Christian faith
Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty
A number of statues and memorials were the subject of protests and petitions during the George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom in 2020. For several
Actions against memorials in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests
Actions_against_memorials_in_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_George_Floyd_protests
American actress and director (born 1974)
hiding behind anyone's desk. She says her lines with feeling and puts her iconoclasm right out there where everyone can see it; she may be nuts, but she's
Chloë_Sevigny
History of Anatolia under the Byzantine Empire
exacerbated the rift between it and the western church. The first phase of iconoclasm coincided with the Isaurian dynasty, from the edict of Leo III to Irene
Byzantine_Anatolia
Chapters Controversy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-07-17. "Iconoclasm". Catholic Answers. Retrieved 2023-05-24. "Monothelitism and Monothelites"
List_of_Christian_heresies
Patriarch of Antioch, 750/1 to 773/4
the early Islamic period, including a brief exile and his opposition to iconoclasm. Theodoros was the son of Bikarios. He was elevated to the position of
Theodore_I_of_Antioch
Banning of material representations
is enforced by the physical destruction of images, aniconism becomes iconoclasm. Aniconism has historical phases in both Buddhism and Christianity, though
Aniconism
Catholic bishop of Turin
writer during the Carolingian Renaissance. He is most noted for teaching iconoclasm, a radical idea at that time in Latin Church, and for some teachings that
Claudius_of_Turin
Byzantine domination of the Roman papacy, 537 to 752
common between pope and emperor in the areas such as monothelitism and iconoclasm. Greek speakers from Greece, Syria, and Sicily replaced members of the
Byzantine_Papacy
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up iconoclasm, iconoclast, iconoclastic, or iconoclasts in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. An iconoclast is one who professes iconoclasm (the belief
Iconoclast_(disambiguation)
Buddha of Bamiyan Buddha Bamiyan Province Afghanistan 55 m (180 ft) 554 2001 destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban due to Islamic religious iconoclasm.
List_of_tallest_statues
commemorated in the Orthodox Church as the Feast of Orthodoxy. Theologically, iconoclasm was opposed because it compromised the doctrine of the Incarnation. Iconophile
Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin
Piece of art that once existed
475 Nika riots, 13 January 532- Byzantine Iconoclasm Iconoclasm of Leo III, 726-741 Second Byzantine Iconoclasm, 814-842 Jin–Song wars, 1125–1234 Jingkang
Lost_artworks
Japanese manga series
978-1-9753-6669-8 "Strike Back" "Evenly Matched" "Hell of Uninterrupted Suffering" "Iconoclasm" "The Journey of Life" 8 March 9, 2022 978-4-04-074455-1 March 24, 2026
Game_of_Familia
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
flat painted icons became popular in the Eastern Church. The Byzantine Iconoclasm acted as a barrier to developments in the East, but by the 9th century
Jesus
Chinese revolutionary (1814–1864)
Hong Xiuquan (1 January 1814 – 1 June 1864), born Hong Huoxiu and with the courtesy name Renkun, was a Chinese revolutionary and religious leader who led
Hong_Xiuquan
Byzantine empress regnant from 797 to 802
regency, in 787, she called the Second Council of Nicaea which condemned iconoclasm as heretical and brought an end to the first iconoclast period (730–787)
Irene_of_Athens
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
"The Structure of Byzantine and European Iconoclasm". In Bryer, Anthony; Herrin, Judith (eds.). Iconoclasm. Centre for Byzantine Studies, University
Christianity
Poetry written in Modernist tradition
ever been a day when young writers were not coming up, in a threat of iconoclasm." It is usually said to have begun with the French Symbolist movement
Modernist_poetry
1851 German-language essay collection by Schopenhauer
write for the journal an article on Schopenhauer's philosophy entitled "Iconoclasm in German Philosophy", which, translated into German and printed in the
Parerga_and_Paralipomena
Christian icon
faith saw iconoclasms due to Islam’s dominance in the region and their practice of aniconism. Influenced by Islam's aniconism, iconoclasm of icons and
Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy
Icon_of_the_Triumph_of_Orthodoxy
Country in Southeastern Europe
of paganism Migration period Plague of Justinian Arab–Byzantine wars Iconoclasm Macedonian Renaissance East–West Schism Fourth Crusade Frankokratia Empire
Greece
American musician (1940–1993)
in a chamber or orchestral setting. The critics find the humor's smug iconoclasm a symptom of the essential emptiness of Zappa's intellectual exercises
Frank_Zappa
Christianity in the Frankish kingdoms under Carolingian rule (751-888)
icons, condemning both the veneration (iconodulism) and the destruction (iconoclasm) of icons, and permitting them to be used as educational devices. The
Carolingian_church
British Byzantinist
Meaning. Her interests have extended since to the cultural history of Iconoclasm and the development of the cult of icons, on which she wrote two now-basic
Leslie_Brubaker
Founder of the Linji school of Chan Buddhism (died 866)
who censored traditional Buddhist practices and doctrines." Despite the iconoclasm, however, the Linji yulu reflects a thorough knowledge of the sūtras.
Linji_Yixuan
French theologian
Remains of Reformation iconoclasm in La Rochelle, under the Ministry of Pierre Richier, in 1562. Clocher Saint-Barthélémy (left), Eglise Saint-Sauveur
Pierre_Richier
4th–century Christian bishop and saint
1910), 95–98 Kitzinger, Ernst, "The Cult of Images in the Age before Iconoclasm", Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 8, (1954), pp. 83–150, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees
Epiphanius_of_Salamis
Religiously motivated burning of objects believed to lead to sin
A bonfire of the vanities (Italian: falò delle vanità) is a burning of objects condemned by religious authorities as occasions of sin. The phrase itself
Bonfire_of_the_vanities
Head of the Catholic Church from 824 to 827
instruction in sacred and secular literature. His involvement in the Byzantine Iconoclasm controversy was largely inconsequential. In earlier editions of the Liber
Pope_Eugene_II
Byzantine monk, abbot, and scholar
classical literary genres in Byzantium. He is known as a zealous opponent of iconoclasm, one of several conflicts that set him at odds with both emperor and patriarch
Theodore_the_Studite
Byzantine usurper
year of Leo's reign "Iconoclasm". catholicity.com. Retrieved 18 March 2024. J. Atkinson (October 1973). "Leo III and Iconoclasm". Theoria: A Journal of
Cosmas_(usurper)
8th century theological treatise
in defense of the veneration of icons during the period of Byzantine Iconoclasm. It is one of the earliest theological defenses of the use of sacred images
Three Treatises on the Divine Images
Three_Treatises_on_the_Divine_Images
English Catholic priest and philosopher (1328–1384)
beliefs attributed to Wycliffe such as theological virtues, predestination, iconoclasm, and the notion of caesaropapism, with some questioning the veneration
John_Wycliffe
1991 studio album by Darkthrone
3:15 6. "Sempiternal Sepulchrality" 3:32 7. "Grave with a View" 3:27 8. "Iconoclasm Sweeps Cappadocia" 4:00 9. "Nor the Silent Whispers" 3:18 10. "The Watchtower"
Soulside_Journey
Worship of an idol as though it were a god
the Mirror: Iconoclasm as a Prerequisite for Inter-Human Relations". Iconoclasm and Iconoclash, Chapter 6. Idolatry and the Mirror: Iconoclasm As A Prerequisite
Idolatry
ομολογητής), who is commemorated on 3 April, was a monk who opposed Byzantine Iconoclasm. Nicetas was born in Bithynian Caesarea of a pious family. His mother
Nicetas_of_Medikion
European political entity (800/962–1806)
Italy, a political rupture was set in motion in earnest in 726 by the iconoclasm of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian, in what Pope Gregory II saw as the latest
Holy_Roman_Empire
Byzantine emperor from 741 to 775
controversy was a prominent feature of his reign. His fervent support of iconoclasm and opposition to monasticism led to his vilification by some contemporary
Constantine_V
1587 Japanese edict
traditional institutions as complicit in feudal oppression. This led to violent iconoclasm in regions like Nagasaki and Kumamoto, where temples and shrines were
Bateren_Edict
Ecumenical council of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church (787 AD)
September 787) – There was debate over whether bishops who had accepted iconoclasm when under iconoclast rule could remain in office. Second Session (26
Second_Council_of_Nicaea
Byzantine cleric and writer
the Hagia Sophia. After the start of the second period of the Byzantine Iconoclasm ca. 814, he sided with the iconoclasts, becoming metropolitan bishop of
Ignatios_the_Deacon
Byzantine court official (died 800)
after dismissing the most recalcitrant iconoclast bishops. Predictably, iconoclasm was overturned as a heresy, and the veneration of images was restored
Staurakios_(eunuch)
Art with religious subjects
controversial in many religions. The term for such opposition is aniconism, with iconoclasm being the deliberate destruction of images by people of the same religion
Religious_art
1453 Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital
Miaphysitism Ecumenical councils Arianism Monophysitism Paulicianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Bogomilism Mount Athos Missionary activity Bulgaria Moravia
Fall_of_Constantinople
Church
an independent university on 4 April 1460.[citation needed] During the iconoclasm of the Protestant Reformation, many valuable pieces of art belonging to
Basel_Minster
English author and Christian apologist (1874–1936)
Climacus Maximus the Confessor Monothelitism Ecthesis Bede John of Damascus Iconoclasm Transubstantiation dispute Predestination disputes Paulinus II of Aquileia
G._K._Chesterton
Byzantine emperor from 829 to 842
second emperor of the Amorian dynasty and the last emperor to support iconoclasm. Theophilos was well-educated in the imperial household. Upon his accession
Theophilos_(emperor)
Deliberate damage or defacement of an object or structure
editable repositories to include nonsensical or whimsical references Iconoclasm led to the defacement of many religious artworks. Though vandalism in
Vandalism
2018 British television documentary series
landscapes. 15 March 2018 4 "The Eye of Faith" Mary Beard Religious art and iconoclasm. 22 March 2018 5 "The Triumph of Art" Simon Schama Mutual influence of
Civilisations_(TV_series)
Bishop Paul, an opponent of the iconoclasm then gripping the Byzantine world. Stephen was no less a supporter of the iconoclasm than the emperor himself. At
Stephen_II_of_Naples
4th–7th century period
Miaphysitism Ecumenical councils Arianism Monophysitism Paulicianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Bogomilism Mount Athos Missionary activity Bulgaria Moravia
Byzantine_Palestine
Greek language in Australia
of paganism Migration period Plague of Justinian Arab–Byzantine wars Iconoclasm Macedonian Renaissance East–West Schism Fourth Crusade Frankokratia Empire
Greek_in_Australia
their tendencies to exaggerate. This was not a period of "uncompromising iconoclasm", states Jackson. Cities that quickly surrendered to the Islamic army
Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent
icons of Jesus or the saints an error, mainly for Christological reasons. Iconoclasm was a movement within the Eastern Christian Byzantine church to establish
Christianity in the 8th century
Christianity_in_the_8th_century
removed the religious image." On the other hand, there was a wave of iconoclasm, or the destruction of religious imagery. This began very early in the
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation
Head of the Catholic Church from 768 to 772
influence of the nobles in papal elections. The council also opposed iconoclasm. A Greek born in Sicily, Stephen III was the son of a man named Olivus
Pope_Stephen_III
Byzantine cultural movement during the Macedonian dynasty
Large-scale productions of religious art resumed only after the Second Iconoclasm in 843. The art of the Macedonian Renaissance maintained its roots from
Macedonian_Renaissance
Artistic representations of God the Father
suppression and destruction of religious icons as the period of Byzantine iconoclasm (literally image-breaking) started. Emperor Leo III (717–741) suppressed
God_the_Father_in_Western_art
Work without known surviving copies
theft Bonfire of the vanities Electronic literature – software obsolence Iconoclasm Link rot Literary fragment Lost film Lost media Lost television broadcast
Lost_literary_work
Religious work of art in Christianity
survive. Widespread destruction of images occurred during the Byzantine Iconoclasm of 726–842, although this did settle permanently the question of the appropriateness
Icon
Feast observed in Orthodox Christianity
the Byzantine Rite to commemorate, originally, only the final defeat of iconoclasm on the first Sunday of Lent in 843, and later also opposition to all heterodoxy
Feast_of_Orthodoxy
Mosque and former church in Istanbul, Turkey
ordering the army to destroy all icons – ushering in the period of Byzantine iconoclasm. At that time, all religious pictures and statues were removed from the
Hagia_Sophia
Norwegian metal band
2021, a box set containing early and rare material titled Shadows of Iconoclasm was unveiled. The band's eighteenth studio album, Eternal Hails......
Darkthrone
Art produced by or for members of the Catholic Church
adopted richer forms such as mosaics and illuminated manuscripts. The iconoclasm controversy briefly divided the Western Church and the Eastern Church
Catholic_art
1967 studio album by the Beatles
for trashing" the album had become commonplace. He attributed this to iconoclasm, as successive generations identified the album with baby boomers' retreat
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Sgt._Pepper's_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band
Synod in 794
been held by the Byzantine Empress Irene of Athens and had dealt with iconoclasm and with which Charlemagne took issue because no Frankish churchmen had
Council_of_Frankfurt
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. The Sasanian Empire (/sə
Sasanian_Empire
Byzantine empress (c. 815 – c. 867 CE)
She is perhaps best known for bringing an end to the second Byzantine Iconoclasm (814–843), an act for which she is recognized as a saint in the Eastern
Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)
Byzantine co-emperor in the 830s
Maria. Iconoclasm was a religious movement that objected to the usage of icons, the artistic representation of holy figures, in worship. Iconoclasm was publicly
Constantine (son of Theophilos)
Constantine_(son_of_Theophilos)
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