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The Distributed Array Processor (DAP) produced by International Computers Limited (ICL) was the world's first commercial massively parallel computer. The
ICL Distributed Array Processor
ICL_Distributed_Array_Processor
Topics referred to by the same term
Processor, an array processor for the ICL Integrated circuit packages: Ball grid array pin grid array land grid array Processor array Programmable Array Logic
Array
UK mainframe computer systems
non-ICL operating system for the ICL 2900 series (and other machines) Content Addressable File Store (CAFS) ICL Distributed Array Processor (DAP) The ICL
ICL_2900_Series
Type of parallel processing
the use of SIMD-capable instructions. A later processor that used vector processing is the Cell processor used in the PlayStation 3, which was developed
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
American supercomputer and AI firm (1983–1994)
FROSTBURG – CM-5 used by the National Security Agency Goodyear MPP ICL Distributed Array Processor MasPar Parsytec SUPRENUM "Thinking Machines". Technology Review
Thinking_Machines_Corporation
Computer with a bit-serial architecture
early massive parallel processing machines were built out of individual serial processors, including: ICL Distributed Array Processor (1979) Goodyear MPP
Serial_computer
British computer company (1968-2002)
file system and ICL 2900 IDMS The world's first commercially available massively parallel computer, the Distributed Array Processor (DAP), that first
International Computers Limited
International_Computers_Limited
Organized collection of data in computing
for massively distributed databases with high partition tolerance, but according to the CAP theorem, it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously
Database
Central computer component that executes instructions
A central processing unit (CPU), also known as a central processor, main processor, or simply processor, is the primary processor in a given computer
Central_processing_unit
for the ICL Distributed Array Processor (DAP). The DAP had a Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architecture with 64x64 single bit processors. DAP FORTRAN
DAP_FORTRAN
Programming language
abandon the ALGOL X process and further improve ALGOL W, releasing this as Pascal in 1970. On top of ALGOL's scalars and arrays, Pascal enables defining
Pascal_(programming_language)
single-mode emission is obtained. With ICLs, this can be done by making distributed feedback lasers. A distributed-feedback ICL, designed for the excitation of
Interband_cascade_laser
Software library for numerical linear algebra
"amd/libflame: High-performance object-based library for DLA computations". GitHub. AMD. 25 August 2020. "ICL". icl.eecs.utk.edu. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
LAPACK
AMD computing architecture
specializing in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Their initial goal was to accelerate signal processing and, more generally, applications where
AI_engine
Partnership Project 2 3NF—Third normal form 386—Intel 80386 processor 486—Intel 80486 processor 4B5BLF—4-bit 5-bit local fiber 4GL—Fourth-generation programming
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Micro-electronic component
processor core by definition. The Arm architecture is a common choice for SoC processor cores because some Arm-architecture cores are soft processors
System_on_a_chip
Type of data storage mechanism
Addressable File Store (CAFS) was developed by International Computers Limited (ICL) in the late 1960s and put into use by British Telecom in the early 1970s
Content-addressable_storage
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
bonding wires. This design allows an array of input/output (I/O) connections – called Area-I/O – to be distributed across the entire die instead of being
Integrated_circuit
Semiconductor laser
Single-frequency diode lasers are classed as either distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers. Due to diffraction, the
Laser_diode
Computer programming language
George 3 operating system on an ICL 1907F. The compiler was distributed at no charge by International Computers Limited (ICL) on behalf of the Royal Radar
ALGOL_68-R
Digital circuit without clock cycles
ideas for radically changing CPU design. Unlike a conventional processor, a clockless processor (asynchronous CPU) has no central clock to coordinate the progress
Asynchronous_circuit
randomly chosen processor in the system, results labeled "star" mean that an independent copy of the test was run concurrently on each processor in the system
HPC_Challenge_Benchmark
Semiconductor device
(hundreds or thousands) of small thyristor cells connected in parallel. A distributed buffer gate turn-off thyristor (DB-GTO) is a thyristor with additional
Gate_turn-off_thyristor
Microchip manipulating light instead of electricity
Initial examples of photonic integrated circuits were simple 2-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers, consisting of two independently controlled
Photonic_integrated_circuit
Type of semiconductor laser diode
pulsed power at room temperature were reported from a 19-element array. The VCSEL array chip was mounted on a diamond heat spreader, taking advantage of
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Vertical-cavity_surface-emitting_laser
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
203,789 Mouttet, Blaise Laurent (2006) "Programmable crossbar signal processor" U.S. patent 7,302,513 Dong, Zhekang; Sing Lai, Chun; He, Yufei; Qi, Donglian;
Memristor
Part of computer memory
(November 6, 1957). "A New Storage Element Suitable for Large-Sized Memory Arrays - The Twistor". Bell System Technical Journal. XXXVI (5). doi:10.1002/j
Memory_cell_(computing)
Indian defense projects under DRDO
processor" to convert cartesian to polar coordinates, ANUCO, a floating point coprocessor and several others, including the ANUPAMA 32-bit processor,
Projects_of_DRDO
Early form of computer memory
the electrical resistance of the phosphor and the size of the well. The process of creating the charge well is used as the write operation in a computer
Williams_tube
Type of field-effect transistor
FeFET cell size reported was 0.025 μm2, the devices were built as 32Mbit arrays, using set/reset pulses of ~10ns duration at 4.2V - the devices showed endurance
Fe_FET
Programming language with English-like syntax
{\text{imperative-statement-2}}\end{array}}\right|\right]\\[1em]\quad \left[\,{\underline {\texttt {END-ADD}}}\,\right]\end{array}}} This description permits
COBOL
Optical instrument
of the QC device. A distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser is similar to a Fabry–Pérot laser, except for a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)
Quantum-cascade_laser
2009. Retrieved 25 November 2025. "AN/APG-81 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA)". Northrop Grumman.com. Retrieved 25 November 2025. "APG-83 Scalable
List of military electronics of the United States: A–G
List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States:_A–G
September 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2025. "MFTA: The US Navy's New Towed Array for Naval Detection". Defense Industry Daily. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
List of military electronics of the United States: M–Z
List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States:_M–Z
Fast, high sensitivity, low noise electronic photon detector
samples, in combination with optical filters and incandescent lamps. An array of photomultipliers is used in a gamma camera. Photomultipliers are typically
Photomultiplier_tube
Vacuum tube used to display images
are affected). Alternatively, the amplifier may be driven by a video processor that also introduces an OSD (On Screen Display) into the video stream
Cathode_ray_tube
rooms to glow uniformly, rather than require the use of light bulbs which distribute light unequally throughout a room. The United States Department of Energy
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode
Phosphorescent_organic_light-emitting_diode
Electronic component
with interrupting units of a high-voltage circuit breaker to equally distribute the voltage between these units. These are called "grading capacitors"
Capacitor
Personal computer sold in Britain
of this era had been supplied by ICL, notably the M2226 small business computer and M3300 "communicating word processor". Nevertheless, the M2105 offered
Acorn_Electron
Type of solid-state switch
ETO: Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor GTO: Gate Turn-Off thyristor DB-GTO: Distributed-buffer gate turn-off thyristor MA-GTO: Modified-anode gate turn-off thyristor
Thyristor
Semiconductor diode
the current must cross its entire thickness. However, it serves as a distributed ballasting resistor over the entire area of the junction and, under usual
Schottky_diode
Microwave signal amplifier
has been pronounced by engineers as "twit", and "TWTA" as "tweeta". Distributed amplifier Magnetron Klystron tube Crossed-field amplifier Backward wave
Traveling-wave_tube
Nonprofit applied research arm
Institute. Retrieved 2011-05-08. "Information and Communications Laboratory (ICL)". Georgia Tech Research Institute. Retrieved 2011-05-08. "Advanced Concepts
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Georgia_Tech_Research_Institute
Obsolete electronic device for counting in decimal
system Clustered file system Distributed file system Distributed file system for cloud Distributed data store Distributed database Database Data bank Data
Dekatron
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
weaknesses. Charge transfer amplifier CMOS amplifiers Current sense amplifier Distributed amplifier Doherty amplifier Double-tuned amplifier Faithful amplifier
Amplifier
Former software laboratory
sold to eleven outside computer vendors: Amdahl, Motorola, Novell, Sun, ICL, Olivetti, Fujitsu, NEC, OKI Electric, Toshiba, and the Institute for Information
Unix_System_Laboratories
Electrical component that can break an electrical circuit
contact arm or "spoke" which projects from its surface like a cam. It has an array of terminals, arranged in a circle around the rotor, each of which serves
Switch
thickness L1 and L2. The optical cavity is formed by a period of λ/4 distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), made of non-absorbing larger bandgap materials
Resonant-cavity-enhanced photo detector
Resonant-cavity-enhanced_photo_detector
Solid-state semiconductor device
that during the commutation, the power dissipation is not uniformly distributed across the device. When switching on, the device starts to conduct current
TRIAC
Early and obsolete type of computer memory
separate sets of wires — one radial, one axial — forming a cylindrical grid array, and finally a dielectric storage material coating on the inside of four
Selectron_tube
Passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field
narrow air gap in them for this purpose, and powdered iron cores have a distributed air gap. This allows higher levels of magnetic flux and thus higher currents
Inductor
Practical physics application
the recombination of electrons and electron holes in a semiconductor, a process called "electroluminescence". The wavelength of the light produced depends
Light-emitting_diode_physics
according to the schematic, the TR-55 used a 6 volt supply. Very few were distributed outside Japan. It was not until 1957 that Sony produced their ground-breaking
History_of_the_transistor
Brazilian politician (born 1958)
Retrieved 5 April 2025. "Sebastião Melo levou 6 dias para pedir verba federal". ICL Notícias (in Brazilian Portuguese). 15 May 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2025.
Sebastião_Melo
CRTs designed for use as computer memory
storage tube to eliminate the need for framebuffer memory PROGRAMMED DATA PROCESSOR-1 HANDBOOK (PDF). Maynard Massachusetts: Digital Equipment Corporation
Storage_tube
1981 home computer
25 MHz clock is derived for the processor; Outputting an audio signal to a cassette recorder in SAVE mode; Processing the incoming cassette audio signal
ZX81
Energy system models that are open source
primarily at the Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom. The software can be downloaded from the project
Open_energy_system_models
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
to be distributed to the ambient. The temperature of the capacitor, which is established on the balance between heat produced and distributed, shall
Capacitor_types
(ASSP), chipset, co-processor, system-on-a-chip, graphics processing unit (GPU) IC packaging Microprocessors – central processing unit (CPU), Microarchitectures
List_of_MOSFET_applications
Events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems
InfoWorld, September 28, 1987 MS-DOS Version 4.10 Fujitsu ICL OEM https://web.archive.org. ICL takes wraps off 3 ISDN workstations, Network World, April
Timeline of DOS operating systems
Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems
Type of solar cell based on quantum dot devices
mass-produced. The dots can be distributed on a substrate by spin coating, either by hand or in an automated process. Large-scale production could use
Quantum_dot_solar_cell
Type of capacitor
difference of Δ T compared with the ambient temperature. This heat has to be distributed as thermal losses PV th over the capacitor's surface A and the thermal
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
Girl/Female
Hindu
Array of clouds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Array of clouds
Boy/Male
Muslim
Distributor, Divider
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
An Array of Clouds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kadambini | காதமà¯à®ªà®¿à®¨à¯€
An array of clouds
Kadambini | காதமà¯à®ªà®¿à®¨à¯€
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Lofty; exalted; high mountain.
Male
Irish
Variant form of Irish Gaelic Niall, NÉILL means "champion."
Boy/Male
Indian
One who is honored, Exalted
Boy/Male
Muslim
Distributor, Divider
Girl/Female
Arabic
Distributor
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Aaron, ARRAN means "light-bringer."
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Distribute the Knowledge
Boy/Male
Indian, Parsi
Strong
Boy/Male
French, Hindu, Indian
Sea
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
One who Distributes
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : habitational name from the city of Arras in Artois, northern France, or one of the other places in France so named.Scottish : habitational name from Airhouse, a locality in Channelkirk, Berwickshire.English : habitational name from a place called Arras in East Yorkshire, earlier spelled Erghes, from the plural of Old Norse erg ‘hut’, ‘shelter’.German : metonymic occupational name for a cloth merchant, from a type of woolen cloth for which the city of Arras in Flanders was famous in the Middle Ages. This name is also established in Mexico.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Distribute Love
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Array of Clouds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Meghamala | மேகமாலா
Array of clouds
Meghamala | மேகமாலா
Boy/Male
Indian
Distributor, Divider
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
Boy/Male
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Powerful; Strong; Full of Might
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Name of a Woman Scholar
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Rose-sprinkle
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Type of Flower
Girl/Female
British, English, French
Nice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Keeps Smile
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived on a curved or irregularly shaped piece of land, from Old English wÅh ‘curved’, ‘crooked’ + land ‘land’, ‘estate’, or a habitational name from Woolland in Dorset, named from an Old English winn, wynn ‘meadow’, ‘pasture’ + land ‘land’, ‘estate’.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Goodness
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love of Glory
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname for a mild and gentle man, from Middle English do ‘doe’ (Old English dÄ).English (of Norman origin) : habitational name (Old French d’Eu) for someone from Eu in Seine-Maritime, France. The place name is either a dramatic reduction of Latin Augusta ‘(city of) Augustus’, or else derives from the Germanic element auwa ‘water meadow’, ‘island’.
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
ICL DISTRIBUTED-ARRAY-PROCESSOR
a.
Parted; disunited; distributed.
n.
Any outer covering; array; garb.
imp. & p. p.
of Distribute
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Array
v. i.
To spread out in array.
a.
Alt. of ical
v. t.
To dispense; to administer; as, to distribute justice.
v. t.
To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice.
n.
Figure; dress; array.
a.
Tending to distribute or be distributed; that distributes; distributive.
v. t.
To clothe; array; deck.
v. t.
To array.
a.
Ill-bred.
n.
Array; order; arrangement; dress.
v. t.
To furnish with an arras.
n.
One who, or that which, distributes or deals out anything; a dispenser.
imp. & p. p.
of Array
n.
Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array.
n.
Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice.
adv.
In a ill manner; badly; weakly.