AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for HYPERPOLARIZATION
Search references for HYPERPOLARIZATION. Phrases containing HYPERPOLARIZATION
See searches and references containing HYPERPOLARIZATION!
Search references for HYPERPOLARIZATION. Phrases containing HYPERPOLARIZATION
See searches and references containing HYPERPOLARIZATION!HYPERPOLARIZATION
Topics referred to by the same term
Hyperpolarization has several meanings: Hyperpolarization (biology) occurs when the strength of the electric field across the width of a cell membrane
Hyperpolarization
Change in a cell membrane potential causing it to become more negative
inhibits hyperpolarization. If a cell has Na+ or Ca2+ currents at rest, then inhibition of those currents will also result in hyperpolarization. This voltage-gated
Hyperpolarization_(biology)
Spin polarization of atomic nuclei beyond thermal equilibrium
(SEOP) is one of several hyperpolarization techniques discussed on this page. This technique specializes in creating hyperpolarized (HP) noble gases, such
Hyperpolarization_(physics)
Intermembrane proteins
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are integral membrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels
HCN_channel
and initiate smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation. Contact-mediated mechanisms bestow endothelial hyperpolarization that passively spreads to
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor
Endothelium-derived_hyperpolarizing_factor
Medical imaging technique
than that of protons. To overcome this limitation, a process called hyperpolarization is used to increase the magnetization of these gases by about 5 orders
Hyperpolarized_gas_MRI
field under specified conditions to generate hyperpolarization, which in turn results in hyperpolarization detection via NMR or MRI. Due to the generally
Parahydrogen-induced polarization
Parahydrogen-induced_polarization
State of unresponsiveness to repeated stimuli
repolarization, whereas relative refractory period corresponds to hyperpolarization. After initiation of an action potential, the refractory period is
Refractory period (physiology)
Refractory_period_(physiology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 gene. Hyperpolarization-activated
HCN1
Change in a cell's electric charge distribution
transmitted to the dendrite of a neuron, causing hyperpolarization of the neuron. The hyperpolarization following an inhibitory stimulus causes a further
Depolarization
Medical imaging technique
because its large electron cloud permits hyperpolarization and a wide range of chemical shifts. The hyperpolarization creates a large signal intensity, and
Xenon_gas_MRI
Medical imaging technique
administered in sufficient quantities in liquid form (e.g. 17O-water) that hyperpolarization is not a necessity. Using helium or xenon has the advantage of reduced
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Serotonin receptor protein distributed in the cerebrum and raphe nucleus
coupled to the Gi protein, and its activation in the brain mediates hyperpolarization and reduction of firing rate of the postsynaptic neuron. In humans
5-HT1A_receptor
Type of neuroepithelial cell
hand, binding of glutamate to a metabotropic receptor results in a hyperpolarization, so this bipolar cell will depolarize to light as less glutamate is
Photoreceptor_cell
Medical imaging technique
conversion of hyperpolarized pyruvate into lactate is increasingly being used to image cancerous tissues via the Warburg effect. Hyperpolarization of ¹³C for
Hyperpolarized_carbon-13_MRI
Family of transport proteins
cyclic nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) and either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization event. Initially discovered in the cells that make up the retina of
Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channel
Cyclic_nucleotide–gated_ion_channel
Phase of a neuron's action potential
which helps produce a quick repolarization phase and a fast after-hyperpolarization (fAHP) lasting about 2–5 ms. The fAHP is especially important in fast-firing
Afterhyperpolarization
Widening of blood vessels
Class Description Example Hyperpolarization-mediated (Calcium channel blocker) Changes in the resting membrane potential of the cell affects the level
Vasodilation
Electric current in the heart
the name "funny" are mixed Na+ and K+ permeability, activation on hyperpolarization, and very slow kinetics. The funny current is highly expressed in
Pacemaker_current
Electrophysiological phenomenon
action potentials in response to the termination of a hyperpolarizing current. When a hyperpolarizing current is applied across a membrane, the electrical
Anode_break_excitation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN2 gene. HCN2 has been
HCN2
Critical potential value
depolarization, and threshold increase is evident with extensive hyperpolarization. With hyperpolarization, there is an increase in the resistance of the internodal
Threshold_potential
US federal legislation that prohibits racial discrimination in voting
Richard H. (April 2011). "Why the Center Does Not Hold: The Causes of Hyperpolarized Democracy in America". California Law Review. 99. SSRN 1646989. Boyd
Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
Process in neuroscience
channels were activated by a hyperpolarization current. They concluded that attenuation is not caused by hyperpolarization but by an opening of synaptic
Summation_(neurophysiology)
distinct phases after hyperpolarization. Transient outward K+ currents following action potentials can cause hyperpolarization, allowing for low-threshold
Low-threshold_spikes
Inflammation due to periodic blood vessel blockage
V½ of the mutant channel is only 4.6mV more hyperpolarized that wild-type versus 9.6mV more hyperpolarized at 35 °C. Fast inactivation is affected in a
Erythromelalgia
Photoreceptor cells that can function in lower light better than cone cells
terminal. In vertebrates, activation of a photoreceptor cell is a hyperpolarization (inhibition) of the cell. When they are not being stimulated, such
Rod_cell
Change in membrane potential
repolarization phase of an action potential initially results in hyperpolarization, attainment of a membrane potential, termed the afterhyperpolarization
Repolarization
Central nervous system stimulant
receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels which produce cell membrane hyperpolarization. mct (28 January 2012). "TAAR1". GenAtlas. University of Paris. Archived
Methamphetamine
Sensory hair in the inner ear
Together with stereocilia, the kinocilium regulates depolarization and hyperpolarization of the hair cell, which is a neuron that can generate action potentials
Kinocilium
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN4 gene. There are four
HCN4
Effect of a transmitter substance
be either positive or negative, specifically a depolarization or a hyperpolarization respectively. This term is commonly confused with an inotropic effect
Ionotropic_effect
Manifestation of epilepsy in neurons
bursts of action potentials in the neuron, followed by a period of "hyperpolarization", which silences the cell and prevents the generation of more action
Paroxysmal_depolarizing_shift
Benzodiazepine sedative
across the neuronal cell membrane. This increased chloride ion influx hyperpolarizes the neuron's membrane potential. As a result, the difference between
Diazepam
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
of spins is a temporary condition, and is called hyperpolarization. The process of hyperpolarizing the xenon is called optical pumping (although the
Xenon
Process by which light activates retinal cells
of the sodium channels causes hyperpolarization of the cell due to the ongoing efflux of potassium ions. Hyperpolarization of the cell causes voltage-gated
Visual_phototransduction
Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue
Puskas F, Neupane H, Allam F, et al. (January 2002). "Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus".
Lupus
Opioid analgesic and recreational drug
activation of the μ receptor G-protein coupled receptor, which indirectly hyperpolarizes the neuron, reducing the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters, and
Heroin
Structure in the vestibular system
With each rotation, the hair cells undergo either depolarization or hyperpolarization, depending on whether the endolymph moves them toward or away from
Ampullary_cupula
American electronics YouTuber
degree in chemistry. He would work as a research assistant studying hyperpolarization nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy while completing his degree
Styropyro
effective Aβ channel blocker difficult. Indirect methods such as membrane hyperpolarization may help limit the cytotoxic depolarizing effects of Aβ channels.
Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Ion_channel_hypothesis_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Group of peptide hormones in mammals
regulation of cytokine production positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity
Angiotensin
Protein subfamily of calcium-activated potassium channels
the hyperpolarizing leak of positively charged potassium ions along their concentration gradient into the extracellular space. This hyperpolarization causes
SK_channel
Experimental anticonvulsant
the inside of the neuron becoming negatively charged and hyperpolarized. This hyperpolarized resting state reduces the ability of the neuron to fire,
Azetukalner
Family of lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channels
them so that they become permeable to potassium ions, resulting in hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium
G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
G_protein-coupled_inwardly_rectifying_potassium_channel
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
(GIRKs), an effect that reduces neuronal firing through membrane hyperpolarization. In noradrenergic presynaptic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system
Clonidine
Culinary herb
by decreasing action potential amplitude, by shortening the post hyperpolarization phase, and reducing the action frequency of action potentials. In
Basil
Chemical compound
It acts on ATP-sensitive potassium channels and so causes membrane hyperpolarization. It can be used to treat hypertension as it will relax vascular smooth
Cromakalim
Medical condition
the concentration of cGMP results in closure of CNGs and resulting hyperpolarization and cessation of glutamate release. Native retinal CNGs are composed
Achromatopsia
Central nervous system stimulant
receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels which produce cell membrane hyperpolarization. "TAAR1". GenAtlas. University of Paris. 28 January 2012. Archived
Amphetamine
Acquisition of NMR spectra of chemicals
polarization, the nuclear spins must be polarized externally using hyperpolarization techniques. This can be as simple as polarizing the spins in a magnetic
Zero_field_NMR
Class of CNS depressant drugs
is already bound to its receptor. This increased chloride ion influx hyperpolarizes the neuron's membrane potential. As a result, the difference between
Benzodiazepine
Chemical compound
the release of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and makes veins constrict via prostaglandin F2, thereby leading
Bradykinin
Family of transport proteins
activated calcium channels that become inactivated during cell membrane hyperpolarization but then open to depolarization. The entry of calcium into various
T-type_calcium_channel
Primary cell of the nervous system
that allow Cl− ions to enter the post synaptic neuron. Cl− causes hyperpolarization within the neuron, decreasing the probability of an action potential
Neuron
Pore-forming membrane protein
[citation needed] Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: The opening of these channels is due to hyperpolarization rather than the
Ion_channel
In neuroscience, aspect of a cell membrane
accommodate more to long-lasting hyperpolarizing currents than do motor axons, suggesting a greater expression of the hyperpolarization-activated inward rectifier
Rheobase
Chemical compound
also known as dihomo-EETs). In addition to being endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, EDTs have demonstrated anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress and
Docosatetraenoic_acid
Neuron communication by electric impulses
the resting membrane potential. Hence, there is an undershoot or hyperpolarization, termed an afterhyperpolarization, that persists until the membrane
Action_potential
Electrical signal inhibiting a neuron from firing
than the action potential threshold and can be seen as a "transient hyperpolarization". IPSPs were first investigated in motorneurons by David P. C. Lloyd
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
investigation comes from the receptor activation causing cellular hyperpolarization and, in neurons, decreased neurotransmitter release through a reduction
Κ-opioid_receptor
Chemical compound
sodium-channel permanently, causing the membrane to be permanently hyperpolarized. The resting potential will not be restored, and no further action potential
Bifenthrin
Heart medication
sinoatrial node. If is a mixed Na+–K+ inward current activated by hyperpolarization and modulated by the autonomic nervous system. It is one of the most
Ivabradine
Italian physiologist (born 1948)
That initiated a new field of research in the heart and brain, where hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, the molecular components
Dario_DiFrancesco
Chemical compound
diastolic depolarization. They shift the threshold towards zero or hyperpolarize the membrane potential. Although each agent has its own properties and
Azimilide
Chemical substance with psychoactive properties
of the opioid causes a cascade leading to the channel opening and hyperpolarization of the neuron. The opioid receptors have the following channel types:
Narcotic
Poisonous substance used as pesticide
allows the negatively charged chloride ions into the neuron, causing a hyperpolarization which pushes the membrane potential further from threshold. Strychnine
Strychnine
Medication for pain and fever
of the TRPV1 receptors and a decrease in neuronal excitability by hyperpolarization of neurons. The exact mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of paracetamol
Paracetamol
French physicist (born 1934)
research has included studies of neutral currents, parity violation, and hyperpolarization. She is an honorary director of research for the French National Centre
Marie-Anne_Bouchiat
Theory regarding color vision in humans
with hyperpolarization to all light stimuli regardless of wavelength and was termed a luminosity cell. Another cell responded with hyperpolarization at
Opponent_process
Opiate and prodrug of morphine used to treat pain
Binding of codeine or morphine to the μ-opioid receptor results in hyperpolarization of the neuron leading to the inhibition of the release of nociceptive
Codeine
Cell membrane of an axon
channels experience a delay when closing, which causes a period of hyperpolarization. This change in charge, voltage, and membrane potential generates
Axolemma
Cellular second messenger
the prefrontal cortex through its regulation of ion channels called hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN). HCN channels will
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate
thus can be imaged directly without the need for contrast agents or hyperpolarization. Furthermore, sodium ions play a role in important biological processes
Sodium_MRI
Insufficient potassium in the blood
levels in the extracellular space cause hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential. This hyperpolarization is caused by the effect of the altered
Hypokalemia
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels which produce cell membrane hyperpolarization. "TAAR1". GenAtlas. University of Paris. 28 January 2012. Retrieved
Adderall
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN3 gene. Cyclic nucleotide-gated
HCN3
depolarization occurs; when deflection is away from the kinocilium, hyperpolarization occurs. The tip link is made of two different cadherin molecules,
Tip_link
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
are hyperpolarized, whereas proliferating cells, particularly cancer cells, exhibit a depolarized Vm. The study further showed that hyperpolarization can
Voltage-gated_ion_channel
Group of cells in the wall of the heart
flow of potassium ions (Ik) out of the cell (see phase 2, below). Hyperpolarization also causes activation of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated
Sinoatrial_node
One of the septal nuclei in the brain
gyrus, CA3, and CA1 interneurons. Pacemaking MS interneurons express hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels which likely, at
Medial_septal_nucleus
Medical research organization in California, US
resonance spectroscopy focuses on brain metabolism and on development of hyperpolarization agents to enhance signal output from tissue. New work includes anatomical
Huntington Medical Research Institutes
Huntington_Medical_Research_Institutes
Family of mygalomorph spiders
This leads to slower voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation and a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of activation. This in turn inhibits
Australian_funnel-web_spider
harvard.edu/book/ch8.pdf Hankins, M. W.; Ruddock, K. H. (March 1984). "Hyperpolarization of fish retinal horizontal cells by kainate and quisqualate". Nature
Gunnar_Svaetichin
Approximation of the effect of an electric field on neurons
neuromodulation techniques on target neurons. It points out locations of high hyperpolarization and depolarization caused by the electrical field acting upon the
Activating_function
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
chloride concentrations shift causing an inward flux of chloride that hyperpolarizes postsynaptic neurons. The glial fibers produced in the first divisions
Cerebral_cortex
Chemical compound
chloride flux across the cell membrane, and thus inhibiting neuronal hyperpolarization. While phasic (synaptic) inhibition is gabazine-sensitive, tonic (extrasynaptic)
Gabazine
Electrical potential difference in the heart
2009). "Pacemaker activity of the human sinoatrial node: Role of the hyperpolarization-activated current, If". International Journal of Cardiology. 132 (3):
Pacemaker_potential
One of three major types of muscle
the action potential of a skeletal muscle, which occurs from the hyperpolarization of the motor axons from nerve impulses sent to the muscle. EMG is
Skeletal_muscle
general AI-based image reconstruction framework, and for unique spin hyperpolarization techniques." In 2023, he was named Distinguished Investigator by the
Matthew_S._Rosen
Union of a human egg and sperm
in the female's reproductive tract, which increases its motility and hyperpolarizes its membrane, preparing it for the acrosome reaction, the enzymatic
Human_fertilization
Central nervous system stimulant prodrug
receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels which produce cell membrane hyperpolarization. "TAAR1". GenAtlas. University of Paris. 28 January 2012. Retrieved
Lisdexamfetamine
Biological process in the heart
thought to be due to a group of channels, referred to as HCN channels (Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated). These channels open at very negative
Cardiac_action_potential
(5) and chandelier cell (6) to threshold. The basket cell evokes a hyperpolarizing IPSP on the postsynaptically recorded pyramidal cell (cell 4, event
Chandelier_cell
Penultimate step in the activation of mammalian spermatozoa
activation of secondary pathways, and changes to membrane potential (hyperpolarization). These steps result in hyperactivation of sperm motility. During
Capacitation
Changes in membrane potential varying in size
potential, are called inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs). Hyperpolarization of membranes is caused by influx of Cl− or efflux of K+. As with EPSPs
Graded_potential
American neuroscientist
characterizing the expression of various neuronal pacemaker channels called hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels 1-4 (HCN1-4). The distinct
Lisa_Monteggia
Period of sleep in humans and other animals
first section of the wave signifies a "down state", an inhibition or hyperpolarizing phase in which the neurons in the neocortex are silent. This is the
Slow-wave_sleep
Physiological sense regarding posture
firings, as compared to when stereocilia tilt away from kinocilium (hyperpolarization, less neurotransmitter, less firing). First order vestibular nuclei
Sense_of_balance
Chemical compound
open such that chloride ions can flow into the neuron. This causes a hyperpolarization in the membrane potential of the neuron, which makes it less likely
Hexobarbital
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Distinguishing; Distinctive; Lieutenant General; Another Name for God; Separating; Eminent
Girl/Female
Latin
Mistress of the home.
Girl/Female
Indian
Most beautiful (Hoor in Jannah)
Female
English
Elaborated form of English Queen, QUEENA means "queen" or "wife."
Female
French
Pet form of French Bernadine, BERNETTA means "bringer of victory."
Girl/Female
Russian
Protection.
Girl/Female
Russian
Light.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Soumyajit | ஸோஉஂமà¯à®¯à®¾à®œà¯€à®¤
One who won beauty
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
French Latin American Arabic Celtic
Blackbird.
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION
HYPERPOLARIZATION