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Spin polarization of atomic nuclei beyond thermal equilibrium
(SEOP) is one of several hyperpolarization techniques discussed on this page. This technique specializes in creating hyperpolarized (HP) noble gases, such
Hyperpolarization_(physics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Hyperpolarization has several meanings: Hyperpolarization (biology) occurs when the strength of the electric field across the width of a cell membrane
Hyperpolarization
Change in a cell's electric charge distribution
transmitted to the dendrite of a neuron, causing hyperpolarization of the neuron. The hyperpolarization following an inhibitory stimulus causes a further
Depolarization
Hypernuclei Hypernucleus Hyperon Hyperplane Hyperpolarizability Hyperpolarization (physics) Hyperradiant Fresnel lens Hypersonic effect Hypersonic speed
Index_of_physics_articles_(H)
Medical imaging technique
because its large electron cloud permits hyperpolarization and a wide range of chemical shifts. The hyperpolarization creates a large signal intensity, and
Xenon_gas_MRI
field under specified conditions to generate hyperpolarization, which in turn results in hyperpolarization detection via NMR or MRI. Due to the generally
Parahydrogen-induced polarization
Parahydrogen-induced_polarization
Medical imaging technique
than that of protons. To overcome this limitation, a process called hyperpolarization is used to increase the magnetization of these gases by about 5 orders
Hyperpolarized_gas_MRI
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
of spins is a temporary condition, and is called hyperpolarization. The process of hyperpolarizing the xenon is called optical pumping (although the
Xenon
Medical imaging technique
administered in sufficient quantities in liquid form (e.g. 17O-water) that hyperpolarization is not a necessity. Using helium or xenon has the advantage of reduced
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
the absolute refractory period, the neuron is less excitable due to hyperpolarization caused by potassium efflux. This molecular inhibitory feedback creates
Hysteresis
Smallest unit of a chemical element
so that they are aligned in the same direction—a condition called hyperpolarization. This has important applications in magnetic resonance imaging. The
Atom
general AI-based image reconstruction framework, and for unique spin hyperpolarization techniques." In 2023, he was named Distinguished Investigator by the
Matthew_S._Rosen
effective Aβ channel blocker difficult. Indirect methods such as membrane hyperpolarization may help limit the cytotoxic depolarizing effects of Aβ channels.
Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Ion_channel_hypothesis_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Helium isotope with two protons and one neutron
1996 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery. Alexei Abrikosov, Vitaly Ginzburg, and Tony Leggett won the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on
Helium-3
Spectroscopic technique based on change of nuclear spin state
metals). The information provided by NMR can also be increased using hyperpolarization, and/or using two-dimensional, three-dimensional and higher-dimensional
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Subatomic physics phenomenon
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of several hyperpolarization methods developed to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Dynamic_nuclear_polarization
Cala, Olivier; Jannin, Sami (2021-04-30). "Direct observation of hyperpolarization breaking through the spin diffusion barrier". Science Advances. 7
Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences
Florida_State_University_College_of_Arts_and_Sciences
Acquisition of NMR spectra of chemicals
polarization, the nuclear spins must be polarized externally using hyperpolarization techniques. This can be as simple as polarizing the spins in a magnetic
Zero_field_NMR
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
2008. Green, Richard A.; et al. (2012). "The theory and practice of hyperpolarization in magnetic resonance using parahydrogen". Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson
Hydrogen
Chemical element with atomic number 19 (K)
selective potassium ion channels (which are tetramers) are crucial for hyperpolarization inside neurons after an action potential is triggered, to cite one
Potassium
(biology) – hybridization – hydrolysis – hydrolytic enzyme – hygiene – hyperpolarization (biology) ichthyology – immune cell – immune system – immunology –
Index_of_biology_articles
Physical phenomenon
the nonequilibrium state has been achieved by other means (e.g., hyperpolarization by optical pumping).[citation needed] The relaxation time, T 1 {\displaystyle
Spin–lattice_relaxation
Spin states of hydrogen
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a technique to hyperpolarize samples without chemically modifying them. Compared to orthohydrogen
Spin_isomers_of_hydrogen
Chemical compound
needed] Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4–56, 5–9, 6–156. ISBN 9781498754293
Caesium_hydride
Chemical compound
Christian Wahl-Schott; Stylianos Michalakis; Xiangang Zong (2009). "Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Channels: From Genes to Function". Physiological
Caesium_chloride
Chemical element with atomic number 36 (Kr)
Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005. Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.)
Krypton
Pore-forming membrane protein
[citation needed] Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: The opening of these channels is due to hyperpolarization rather than the
Ion_channel
Radiation damage centre in silicon
D\}_{i}} . Characterization of these transitions is essential for hyperpolarizing the electron into the different transitions for various state manipulation
T_centre
Representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system
generates an action potential in the connected auditory-nerve fiber. Hyperpolarization of the hair cell, which occurs when potassium leaves the cell, is
Neural_encoding_of_sound
Brain stimulation using magnetic fields
change in transmembrane potentials resulting in depolarization or hyperpolarization of neurons, causing them to be more or less excitable, respectively
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
interior voltage becomes less negative (say from −70 mV to −60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from −70 mV to
Membrane_potential
field of 0.3 T. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 has been studied for medical imaging applications E. Leader (2001). "Spin in Particle Physics". Cambridge University
Polarized_target
How drugs induce reversible suppression of consciousness
GABAA receptor leads to an influx of chloride ions, which causes hyperpolarization of the neuronal membranes. The GABAA receptor has historically been
Theories of general anaesthetic action
Theories_of_general_anaesthetic_action
Canadian physicist (1924–2016)
physicist, inventor, author, and former university professor. He was a physics professor at the University of British Columbia from 1953 to 1960, then
James_Maurice_Daniels
One of three major types of muscle
the action potential of a skeletal muscle, which occurs from the hyperpolarization of the motor axons from nerve impulses sent to the muscle. EMG is
Skeletal_muscle
thus can be imaged directly without the need for contrast agents or hyperpolarization. Furthermore, sodium ions play a role in important biological processes
Sodium_MRI
Electric current produced in living cells
potential can trigger metastatic behavior in normal cells, while hyperpolarization (induced by ion channel misexpression, drugs, or light) can suppress
Developmental_bioelectricity
Imaging molecules within living patients
increase MR sensitivity include increasing magnetic field strength, and hyperpolarization via optical pumping, dynamic nuclear polarization or parahydrogen
Molecular_imaging
British radiologist (1951–2011)
an Open Scholar in 1969, graduating with a double first in theoretical physics in 1972 and continuing his studies at the Cavendish Laboratory until 1973
Tudor_Morley_Griffith
Metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan
(GIRKs) and reducing neuronal firing via facilitation of membrane hyperpolarization through the efflux of potassium ions. TAAR1 agonists are under investigation
Tryptamine
with the charge of connexin; positively charged connexin close with hyperpolarization and negatively charged connexins close with depolarization. Other
Gap_junction_modulation
Sustained depolarized membrane states produced by regenerative ionic currents
This bistable behavior allows individual neurons to exist in either a hyperpolarized resting state or an elevated depolarized state. Plateau potentials have
Plateau_potentials
Ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel
rise in intracellular chloride levels, resulting in cell membrane hyperpolarization and decreased excitation. In order for GABAA receptors to be sensitive
GABAA_receptor
restrictive assumptions, there exist periodic solutions that display hyperpolarization and refractory periods. Advocates of the soliton model claim that
Soliton_model_in_neuroscience
Algorithm in quantum information theory
temperature. Some methods of increasing polarization of spins (such as hyperpolarization, and in particular dynamic nuclear polarization) are not able to operate
Algorithmic_cooling
Positive feedback mechanism within mammalian ears
prestin, causing contraction of prestin. Upon BM deflection downwards hyperpolarization of the OHC results, and intracellular chloride ions bind allosterically
Cochlear_amplifier
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
shunting (has no effect on the cell's membrane potential), or inhibitory/hyperpolarizing (makes the cell's membrane more negative) depends on the direction
GABA
Biological neuron model
at the University of California Berkeley. He graduated with his PhD in physics from Columbia University in 1963. The Morris–Lecar experiments relied on
Morris–Lecar_model
Group of low-reactive, gaseous chemical elements
Balamore, D. (1998). "Development of hyperpolarized noble gas MRI". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 402 (2–3): 441–453. Bibcode:1998NIMPA
Noble_gas
British biophysicist
of the electrogenic sodium extrusion that underlies post-tetanic hyperpolarization. His most recent work on the specific and non-specific binding of
J._Murdoch_Ritchie
Metal-free biologically compatible quantum dots with photoluminescence
by femtosecond laser ablation in solution". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13 (45): 20255–20261. Bibcode:2011PCCP...1320255T. doi:10.1039/C1CP21366K
Silicon_quantum_dot
Medical diagnostic method
head imaging, although the system was originally designed to perform hyperpolarized 3He lung imaging with subjects in both upright and horizontal orientations
Portable magnetic resonance imaging
Portable_magnetic_resonance_imaging
Chinese physicist
the State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, and the State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics. Additionally
Xin_Zhou_(MRI_scientist)
Motion system of a type of eukaryotic organism
"The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms". Reports on Progress in Physics. 72 (9) 096601. arXiv:0812.2887. Bibcode:2009RPPh...72i6601L. doi:10
Protist_locomotion
associated with NV- defects in diamond, leading to extraordinary nuclear hyperpolarization. Reimer developed materials and membranes that enable energy-efficient
Jeffrey_Reimer
Hungarian neuroscientist (born 1948)
was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1948. He was a student of mathematics, physics, and chemistry before translating his skills into biochemistry, pharmacology
Tamas_Bartfai
Inferring the speed and direction of objects
horizontal direction (preferred direction). On the other hand, they hyperpolarize when the direction of motion is opposite (null direction). Vertically
Motion_perception
by a unipolar electrode resulted in another prediction: regions of hyperpolarization adjacent to the cathode in the direction parallel to the myocardial
John_Wikswo
Index of articles on biophysics
changes due to bipedalism Hydrophobic mismatch Hydrostatic skeleton Hyperpolarization (biology) ITPR1 ITPR2 ITPR3 Iatrogenic hypocholesterolemia Ichiji
Index_of_biophysics_articles
Specialized technique associated with MRI
1173. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01173. PMC 6876616. PMID 31803127. Online Physics Tutorial for MRI and MRS https://aclarion.com/ NOCISCAN (aclarion) – The
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
In_vivo_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
Emeritus Professor of Chemistry
Shifts. I. General Formulation and theZDependence". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 40 (6): 1714–1724. Bibcode:1964JChPh..40.1714J. doi:10.1063/1.1725387
Cynthia_Jameson
American botanist
New York City as Ruth Lyttle. Satter received a B.A. in mathematics and physics from Barnard College in 1944. After graduating, she worked at Bell Laboratories
Ruth_Lyttle_Satter
British chemist
solids. A sevenfold symmetric radiofrequency pulse sequence". Chemical Physics Letters. 242 (3): 304–309. Bibcode:1995CPL...242..304L. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(95)00741-L
Malcolm_Levitt
Japanese botanist
places great emphasis on analyzing the biological phenomena on the basis of physics and chemistry.” Along this line, Akabori invited excellent biologists to
Masashi_Tazawa
American chemist
She has been a member of the editorial advisory board for the handbook Physics and Chemistry of the Rare Earths since 2002. She was an associate editor
Susan_M._Kauzlarich
Chemical or electrical synapse from a neuron onto itself
neurons. Although the stimulation of inhibitory autapses did not induce hyperpolarizing inhibitory post-synaptic potentials in interneurons of layer V of neocortical
Autapse
HYPERPOLARIZATION PHYSICS
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adv.
In a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.
n.
A certain function relating to a system of forces and their points of application, -- first used by Clausius in the investigation of problems in molecular physics.
a.
Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.
a.
Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies.
a.
Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as, physical science; physical laws.
a.
Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.
n.
That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.
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That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.
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In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation.
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That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.
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That branch of physics which treats of the laws of motion, or of moving bodies.
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The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.
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Physics.
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Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.
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That branch of physics which treats of heat and electricity.
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One versed in physics.
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Logic illustrated by physics.
v. i.
Subdivision of business or official duty; especially, one of the principal divisions of executive government; as, the treasury department; the war department; also, in a university, one of the divisions of instruction; as, the medical department; the department of physics.