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Chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water
In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated
Hydration_reaction
Substance containing water or its constituent elements
opportunity for hydrates to form and the state of hydration can be changed with environmental humidity and time. The state of hydration of an active pharmaceutical
Hydrate
Topics referred to by the same term
through hydrating a substance Hydration reaction, a chemical addition reaction where a hydroxyl group and proton are added to a compound Hydration shell
Hydration
Chemical reaction
The Mukaiyama hydration is an organic reaction involving formal addition of an equivalent of water across an olefin by the action of catalytic
Mukaiyama_hydration
Chemical reaction adding water to a mineral's crystal structure
mineral hydration is a reaction which adds water to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, commonly called a hydrate. In geological
Mineral_hydration
Chemical reaction in which water is produced as a byproduct
organisms. The reverse of a dehydration reaction is called a hydration reaction. The reverse of a condensation reaction yielding water is called hydrolysis
Dehydration_reaction
Chemical reaction that converts an alkene to an alcohol
Hydroboration–oxidation reaction is a two-step hydration reaction that converts an alkene into an alcohol. The process results in the syn addition of
Hydroboration–oxidation reaction
Hydroboration–oxidation_reaction
Energy released by one mole of ions in a hydration reaction
chemistry, hydration energy (also hydration enthalpy) is the amount of energy released when one mole of ions undergoes solvation. Hydration energy is one
Hydration_energy
Chemical compound
release calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) portlandite or lime during their hydration. Calcium aluminate cements Cement Cement chemist notation (CCN) in which
Calcium_aluminates
Chemical compound
a type of electrophilic addition reaction that results in hydration of an unsaturated compound. The hydration of an alkene gives an alcohol. The regioselectivity
Mercury(II)_sulfate
Class of organic compounds
sulfuric acid also catalyzes hydration of alkenes to secondary or tertiary alcohols. More controllable net hydrations proceed in multiple steps, with
Alcohol_(chemistry)
Chemical compound
[(UO2(OH)(H2O)]+ + H2O → [(UO2(OH)(H2O)2]+ UO2(OH)2 reacts with water in a hydration reaction to form [(UO2(OH)2)(H2O)]+ and the monohydrate form also reacted with
Uranyl_hydroxide
Simplest secondary alcohol
combining water and propene in a hydration reaction or by hydrogenating acetone. There are two routes for the hydration process and both processes require
Isopropyl_alcohol
Main component of Portland cement
aluminate (Ca3Al2O6), the most reactive mineral phase (exothermic hydration reaction) in Portland clinker. It may also be combined with other active ingredients
Cement_clinker
Abbreviated notation for chemical formulas of common oxides
chemist notation in their works. Hydration of belite in cement (analogous to forsterite hydration) Hydration reaction of forsterite (olivine) in serpentinisation
Cement_chemist_notation
Organic compound (CH2(OH)2); simplest geminal diol
((CH2O)3). Methanediol is a product of the hydration reaction of formaldehyde. The equilibrium constant for hydration is estimated to be 103,CH2(OH)2 predominates
Methanediol
Industrial mineral
\underbrace{Ca(OH)2}_{Portlandite}}}} This rapid reaction is "chemically analogue" to the slow natural hydration of forsterite (the magnesium end-member of
Belite
Rapidly setting hydraulic cements
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2, portlandite, or lime) during their hydration. The hydration reactions of calcium aluminate cements are very complex. The strength-developing
Calcium_aluminate_cements
Chemical reaction damaging concrete
continues to hydrate. Indeed, contrary to the hydration of CO2 which consumes only one water molecule and stops at H2CO3, the hydration of SiO2 consumes
Alkali–silica_reaction
Damage to concrete affecting its mechanical strength and its durability
shrinkage (self-desiccation) The cement hydration process consumes water molecules. The sum of the volumes of the hydration products present in the hardened
Concrete_degradation
Aluminate Ferrite trisubstituted phases
of AFt and AFm calcium carboaluminate hydrate phases. Feldman et al. (1965) have shown that the hydration reaction of 3CaO·Al2O3 can be suppressed by CaCO3
AFt_phases
Chemical compound of calcium
quicklime by removing the water by heating it to redness to reverse the hydration reaction. One litre of water combines with approximately 3.1 kilograms (6.8 lb)
Calcium_oxide
Chemical compound (H2SO4)
sulfuric acid a good conductor of electricity.[citation needed] The hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic. As indicated by its acid dissociation
Sulfuric_acid
Chemical compound
although some 2-butene is also used to produce the solvent butanone via hydration reaction to 2-butanol followed by oxidation. The two isomers are extremely
2-Butene
Chemical acid found in vinegar
in the Thermal Unimolecular Decomposition of Acetic Acid and the Hydration Reaction of Ketene". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 117 (18): 5114–5119
Acetic_acid
Chemical sedative and hypnotic drug
conditions the haloform reaction takes place and chloral hydrate is decomposed by hydrolysis to form chloroform. Chloral hydrate is metabolized in vivo
Chloral_hydrate
Main product of the hydration of Portland cement
Calcium silicate hydrates (CSH or C-S-H) are the main products of the hydration of Portland cement and are primarily responsible for the strength of cement-based
Calcium_silicate_hydrate
Chemical compound with an oxygen atom
O2 → 2 SO3 Finally the trioxide is converted to sulfuric acid by a hydration reaction: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 Oxides have a range of structures, from individual
Oxide
hydration Myers' asymmetric alkylation Nametkin rearrangement Narasaka–Prasad reduction Nazarov cyclization reaction Neber rearrangement Nef reaction
List_of_organic_reactions
Chemical compound
intermediate in the hydration reaction that converts ketene into acetic acid. The analysis of the possible pathways for this reaction has been cited as
1,1-Dihydroxyethene
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
solvents. Similar to the hydration of sulfuric acid, dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water is a highly exothermic reaction where a large amount of
Sodium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
norbornene. Norbornene undergoes an acid-catalyzed hydration reaction to form norborneol. This reaction was of great interest in the elucidation of the non-classical
Norbornene
Cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water
or triple bonds by electrophilic addition as may originate from a hydration reaction. Acid hydrolysis is used to prepare monosaccharides with the help
Hydrolysis
Any molecule containing Si=O and Si–OH groups
of silicon dioxide (silica, quartz) in water, namely through the hydration reaction: SiO 2 silica + H 2 O water ⟷ H 2 SiO 3 silicic acid {\displaystyle
Silicic_acid
Binder used as basic ingredient of concrete
percentage of (C3S) is thirty-five. This causes the heat given off by the hydration reaction to develop at a slower rate. Consequently, the strength of the concrete
Portland_cement
Chemical reaction with oxidation state changes
REE-doks, reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Oxidation is the
Redox
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
the strongly held layers of water of hydration—requires doing substantial work against these forces, called hydration forces. These forces are very large
Properties_of_water
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
hydratase is an unusual metalloenzyme in that it catalyzes a hydration reaction. Two reaction mechanisms have been proposed, in one of which there is a direct
Tungsten
Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
series of hydration chemical reactions. The constituents slowly hydrate and the mineral hydrates solidify and harden. The interlocking of the hydrates gives
Cement
Rule for predicting outcomes of some addition reactions
behaviour extends to more chemical reactions than additions to alkenes. Anti-Markovnikov behaviour is observed in the hydration of phenylacetylene by auric catalysis
Markovnikov's_rule
Organic cation
alkoxyacetylenes to give alkyl acetate. In the first step of their facile hydration reaction, which was the rate limiting step, a vinyl cation reactive intermediate
Vinyl_cation
Siliceous volcanic ashes commonly used as supplementary cementitious material
in a much denser binder. The acceleration of the Portland cement hydration reactions can also partially accommodate the loss of early strength. The increased
Pozzolan
Class of organic compounds
groups bonded to the same atom. These species arise by hydration of the carbonyl compounds. The hydration is usually unfavorable, but a notable exception is
Diol
Chemical reactions involving organic compounds
elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic
Organic_reaction
Main parameter determining concrete strength and durability
concrete mix. For proper hydration, this ratio (commonly called the w/c ratio) should be about 0.30, assuming no contribution to hydration from external water
Water–cement_ratio
Crystalline solid containing molecules caged in a lattice of frozen water
formation and decomposition of clathrate hydrates are first order phase transitions, not chemical reactions. Their detailed formation and decomposition
Clathrate_hydrate
Organic compound
reactions. CO2 + H 2O → CH 3CH 2OH + side products Ethanol can be produced from petrochemical feed stocks, primarily by the acid-catalyzed hydration of
Ethanol
Long-term deformation of concrete due to drying shrinkage and mechanical stress
hydration products gradually fill the pores of hardened cement paste, as reflected in function v ( t ) {\displaystyle v(t)} in Eq. (3). But hydration
Creep and shrinkage of concrete
Creep_and_shrinkage_of_concrete
Organic reaction in which 2+ molecules combine to form a larger one
For instance, the hydration of an alkene to an alcohol is reversed by dehydration. There are two main types of polar addition reactions: electrophilic addition
Addition_reaction
Interconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
cycle, or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions that release the energy stored in nutrients through acetyl-CoA oxidation
Citric_acid_cycle
Terms for the placement of chemical substituents relative to a double or triple bond
characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction. The type of addition that occurs
Syn_and_anti_addition
Coarse-grained ultramafic igneous rock
the pyroxenes and olivines are converted to green serpentine. This hydration reaction involves considerable increase in volume with concurrent deformation
Peridotite
Colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor
highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·xH2O). Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer
Hydrazine
Material which is used for construction purposes
hydration characteristics, strength, interfacial bond and morphology. Various methods are used by researchers such as the measurement of hydration characteristics
Building_material
Hydrous calcium sulfo-aluminate
mix as the temperature quickly increases with the progress of the hydration reaction. The effect of gypsum addition is to promote the formation of a thin
Ettringite
Hydrocarbon compound containing one or more C≡C bonds
displaced by the Wacker process. This reaction occurs in nature, the catalyst being acetylene hydratase. Hydration of phenylacetylene gives acetophenone:
Alkyne
Class of organic compounds
(C(OH)2)5 Chloral hydrate (Cl3C)HC(OH)2 Saxitoxin C10H15N7O2(OH)2 Geminal diols can be viewed as ketone (or aldehyde) hydrates. The two hydroxyl groups
Geminal_diol
Chemical compound
in patients with bronchitis and related conditions. It is used as the hydrate (terpin·H2O). It is derived from sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme
Terpin
Chemical compound
3 NH4OH → La(OH)3 + 3 NH4NO3 Alternatively, it can be produced by hydration reaction (addition of water) to lanthanum oxide. La2O3 + 3 H2O → 2 La(OH)3
Lanthanum_hydroxide
Chemical derived from gypsum used in food and industry
hardness when dissolved therein. Calcium sulfate occurs at three levels of hydration with different crystallographic structures: anhydrous, dihydrate, and
Calcium_sulfate
Chemical compound
curing, with positive results. Lithium sulfate serves to speed up the hydration reaction (see Cement) which decreases the curing time. A concern with decreased
Lithium_sulfate
Measure of chemical reaction in cement
space available for the formation and growth of hydration products, and the temperature of reaction. Therefore, typical blended cement mix design properties
Pozzolanic_activity
Set of reactions to attach substituents to an aromatic ring
The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring. Friedel–Crafts
Friedel–Crafts_reaction
Voluntary trapping of tiny air bubbles in concrete
resulting from the evaporation of water beyond that required for the hydration reaction. A water to cement ratio (w/c) of approximately 0.38 (this means 38
Air_entrainment
Re-use of rubble from demolished concrete structures
improve and stabilize soil through cation exchange, hydration reactions, and enhanced pozzolanic reactions. Ca2+ ions in an alkali-activated mixture exchanges
Concrete_recycling
Chemical reaction
addition reaction. Typical electrophilic additions to alkenes with reagents are: Halogen addition reactions: X2 Hydrohalogenations: HX Hydration reactions: H2O
Electrophilic_addition
Chemical species that accepts an electron pair from a nucleophile
the more complex hydration reactions utilises sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction occurs in a similar way to the addition reaction but has an extra
Electrophile
Chemical compound
nitrate is typically not prepared by heating the hydrates. Rather it is generated by the reaction of hydrates with dinitrogen pentoxide or of nickel carbonyl
Nickel(II)_nitrate
Formation of serpentinite by hydration and metamorphic transformation of olivine
through the hydration of olivine to yield serpentine and brucite (Reaction 1b). The mixture of brucite and serpentine formed by Reaction 1b has the lowest
Serpentinization
Chemical washing process
00005-4. ISBN 978-0-323-31303-2. Saponification can be defined as a 'hydration reaction where free hydroxide breaks the ester bonds between the fatty acids
Scouring_(textiles)
Chemical compound
crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odorless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline
Sodium_carbonate
Overview of and topical guide to organic chemistry
Electrophilic Addition Reactions Halogen addition reactions Hydration reactions Kucherov reaction Mukaiyama hydration Hydroboration-oxidation reactions Brown hydroboration
Outline_of_organic_chemistry
Biochemical process in which a phosphate group is removed from a molecule
Dephosphorylation involves removal of the phosphate group through a hydration reaction by addition of a molecule of water and release of the original phosphate
Dephosphorylation
monounsaturated fatty acid, into (R)-10-hydroxystearic acid. This reaction is a type of hydration, where a water molecule is added across the carbon-carbon double
Oleate_hydratase
formed by the addition of water or its elements to another molecule. hydration reaction hydride hydrocarbon hydrogen hydrogen bond A form of electrostatic
Glossary_of_chemistry_terms
Migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material
other structure, or water being driven out as a result of the heat of hydration as cement stone is being formed, brings salts to the surface that are
Efflorescence
Calcium oxides and/or hydroxides
quicklime is hydrated (combined with water, slaking). Hydrated lime is also known as slaked lime, and is produced according to the reaction: CaO + H 2 O
Lime_(material)
mechanism, which begins with deprotonation of an ammonia ligand. Hydration reaction IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book")
Aquation
Natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material
temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction). In this reaction insoluble calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate compounds are formed possessing
Pozzolana
Petrochemical complex in Grangemouth, Scotland
in 1982 to manufacture industrial ethanol from the ethylene via a hydration reaction. This was augmented in 2002 by E2, a second plant producing pharmaceutical-grade
Ineos_Grangemouth
Chemical reaction involving repeated halogenation of an acetyl group (–COCH3)
In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX3, where X is a halogen)
Haloform_reaction
Class of cements, mechanically processed to transform reactivity
stoichiometry): C3S + H → C-S-H + CH The underlying hydration reaction forms two products: Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which gives concrete its strength
Energetically_modified_cement
Chemical compound
presence of hydrochloric acid, producing chloral hydrate. Ethanol can also be used as a feedstock. This reaction is catalyzed by antimony trichloride: H3CCHO
Chloral
Chemical reaction
corresponding aldehyde, which is transformed via an aldehyde hydrate (gem-diol, R-CH(OH)2) by reaction with water. Thus, the oxidation of a primary alcohol at
Alcohol_oxidation
Chemical compound
anion in the lattice. Two other hydrates are known, pale green [CrCl(H2O)5]Cl2·H2O and violet [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3. Similar hydration isomerism is seen with other
Chromium(III)_chloride
Organic compounds of the form >C=O
tautomerization gives a ketone. This reaction always produces a ketone, even with a terminal alkyne, the only exception being the hydration of acetylene, which produces
Ketone
Hydrocarbon compound (HC≡CH)
carbazole. The hydration of acetylene is a vinylation reaction, but the resulting vinyl alcohol isomerizes to acetaldehyde. The reaction is catalyzed by
Acetylene
Inorganic compound of Iron
including the oxidation of iron by ferric chloride and the hydration of intermediates. Hydrates of iron(III) chloride do not readily yield anhydrous ferric
Iron(III)_chloride
Bodily response to the presence of a foreign object
A foreign body reaction (FBR) is a typical tissue response to a foreign body within biological tissue. It usually includes the formation of a foreign body
Foreign_body_reaction
Chemical compound
hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals,
Aluminium_chloride
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: Mukaiyama aldol addition, an organic reaction Mukaiyama hydration, an organic reaction Mukaiyama Kofun, a kofun burial mound located in Mie
Mukaiyama
Pyrotechnic composition of metal powder and metal oxide
When ignited by heat or chemical reaction, thermite undergoes an exothermic reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction. Most varieties are not explosive,
Thermite
Chemical compound
cement hydration reactions, and to delay the cement setting time. It allows for a longer time to lay the concrete, or to spread the cement hydration heat
Gluconic_acid
Chemical compound
elemental iodine and magnesium metal. In order to obtain anhydrous MgI2, the reaction should be conducted in a strictly anhydrous atmosphere; dry-diethyl ether
Magnesium_iodide
Group of chemical compounds containing mercury
Hoechst AG, BASF, and Chisso. Acetaldehyde is produced by Hg-catalyzed hydration of acetylene: C2H2 + H2O → CH3CHO The mishandling Hg-containing waste
Organomercury_chemistry
Chemical reaction
with 2–3 equivalents of a hydrazine hydrate in presence of substoichiometric amounts of acetic acid. This reaction occurs rapidly at room temperature with
Wharton_reaction
Stop for sporting event participants to drink water
anger at hydration breaks (AKA ad breaks)". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 July 2026. Bushnell, Henry (11 June 2026). "Fox uses World Cup hydration breaks for
Water_stop_(sports)
Chemical reaction of an alkene with mercuric acetate to form an alcohol
oxymercuration–reaction can give R–CH=CH–CH2–O–CH=CH2, which is suitable for a Claisen rearrangement. Hydroboration–oxidation reaction Mukaiyama hydration Organic
Oxymercuration_reaction
Chemical compound
groups. The hydrated salt can be intimately mingled with potassium permanganate to give an oxidant for the conversion of primary alcohols. Reaction with ammonium
Copper(II)_sulfate
Chemical compound
CH3CH(OH)CH(Cl)CH3 → CH3CH(O)CHCH3 + HCl A common reaction is its hydration to 2,3-butanediol. Many such ring-opening reactions have been reported. Heinz Gräfje, Wolfgang
2,3-Epoxybutane
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