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The history of North Africa is typically divided into its prehistory, the classical period, the arrival and spread of Islam, the colonial era, and finally
History_of_North_Africa
North African genetic history
genetic history of North Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of North Africa. The most important source of gene flow to North Africa from
Genetic history of North Africa
Genetic_history_of_North_Africa
Northernmost region of Africa
North Africa, also known as Northern Africa, is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope
North_Africa
West Africa. Between around 3000 BCE and 500 CE, the Bantu expansion swept from north-western Central Africa (modern day Cameroon) across much of Central
History_of_Africa
Major military campaign of WWII fought in North Africa
The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 11 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis powers
North_African_campaign
Historic phases of North Africa (c. 8th cent. BCE - 5th cent.CE)
The history of North Africa during the period of classical antiquity (c. 8th century BCE – 5th century CE) can be divided roughly into the history of Egypt
North Africa during classical antiquity
North_Africa_during_classical_antiquity
Territories controlled by France in the North African Maghreb during the colonial era
region of North Africa during the colonial era, comprising Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. In contrast to French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa, which
French_North_Africa
Muslim conquests by the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates
Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates conquered the Byzantine Exarchate of North Africa commencing in 647 and concluding in 709, when the Byzantine Empire
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb
Prehistory of North African region
The prehistory of North Africa spans the period of earliest human presence in the region to gradual onset of historicity in the Maghreb during classical
Prehistoric_North_Africa
genetic histories of North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa, as well as the recent origin of modern humans in Africa. The
Genetic_history_of_Africa
Military simulation board game
Inc. (SPI) in 1978 that simulates the entire North African campaign of World War II. It is considered one of the most complex wargames ever published, with
The_Campaign_for_North_Africa
in North Africa (technically 'semi-enclaves') were towns, fortifications and trading posts on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of western North Africa
European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
European_enclaves_in_North_Africa_before_1830
1934–1943 Italian colony in North Africa
romanized: Lībyā al-Īṭālīya) was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy (Fascist Italy) located in North Africa, in what is now modern Libya, between 1934
Italian_Libya
Continent
General history of Africa, IX: General history of Africa revisited. pp. 511–531. Davis, Muriam Haleh (22 February 2023). "Race and Decolonization in North Africa"
Africa
The military history of Africa is one of the oldest military histories in the world. Africa is a continent of many regions with diverse populations speaking
Military_history_of_Africa
Germanic Kingdom in North Africa
established under Gaiseric (or Genseric), a Vandalic warlord. It ruled parts of North Africa and the Mediterranean for 99 years from 435 to 534 AD. In 429 AD, an
Vandal_Kingdom
Western and Central Africa during what is known as the Bantu expansion. The Bantu tribes were mainly limited to the area north of the Soutpansberg and
History_of_South_Africa
settled in the Maghreb region of North Africa, encompassing present-day Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, from their homeland of Phoenicia in the Levant
Phoenician settlement of North Africa
Phoenician_settlement_of_North_Africa
nations were formed. East Africa is the eastern region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the
History_of_East_Africa
The genetic history of Egypt reflects its geographical location at the crossroads of several major biocultural areas: North Africa, the Sahara/Sahel, the
Genetic_history_of_Egypt
Jewish ethnic subdivision
North African Sephardim are a distinct sub-group of Sephardi Jews, who descend from exiled Iberian Jewish families of the late 15th century and North
North_African_Sephardim
Semi-autonomous state affiliated with the Ottoman Empire
"Caliph" at 84. Abun-Nasr, A History of North Africa (1971) at 177–178, quote at 178. Abun-Nasr, A History of North Africa (Cambridge University 1971)
Ottoman_Tunisia
The history of West Africa has been divided into its prehistory, the Iron Age in Africa, the period of major polities flourishing, the colonial period
History_of_West_Africa
Beliefs and deities of the ancient Berbers
sépulture dating back to 12,000 BC. After the development of architecture in North Africa in early history improvement from the dolmens began to be heavily considered
Berber_traditional_religion
Major theatre of operations during the Second World War
Theater of War, and described as Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa 1939–1941 in Germany military history, was a major theatre of operations
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II
Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II
Ancient history of the African region
ancient history of Africa spans from the ancient period until the medieval and early modern period in the history of Africa. The ancient history of North Africa
Ancient_Africa
Incidents since 1918 with more than 100 casualties
defined as post-WWI period, from 1918 until today. "North Africa" has a definition approximately that of the Arab term Maghreb, in addition to Egypt "Conflict"
List of modern conflicts in North Africa
List_of_modern_conflicts_in_North_Africa
Second-largest and second-most populous continent
Africa") History of Central Africa History of East Africa History of North Africa History of Southern Africa Ancient History of South Africa History of West
Outline_of_Africa
UNESCO African history project
The General History of Africa (GHA) is a two-phase project launched by UNESCO in 1964, producing a volume history of Africa first published in 1981 up
General_History_of_Africa
Africa. The history of science and technology in Africa since then has, however, received relatively little attention compared to other regions of the world
History of science and technology in Africa
History_of_science_and_technology_in_Africa
Theory of early hominid migration
Genetic history of Italy Genetic history of North Africa – North African genetic history Genetic history of the British Isles Genetic history of the Iberian
Recent African origin of modern humans
Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans
Historical period (6th-8th c.)
Byzantine rule in North Africa spanned around 175 years. It began in the years 533/534 with the reconquest of territory formerly belonging to the Western
Byzantine_North_Africa
NOTE: North Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of Africa. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region: (1) It is sometimes defined
History of the Jews in North Africa
History_of_the_Jews_in_North_Africa
The history of Southern Africa has been divided into its prehistory, its ancient history, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the
History_of_Southern_Africa
African countries in the eastern part of North Africa
Northeast Africa, or Northeastern Africa is the region which is in the eastern part of North Africa that includes Egypt, Libya, Sudan. The region has
Northeast_Africa
were formed. Central Africa is the central region of Africa, bordered by North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Atlantic Ocean,
History_of_Central_Africa
2010s protests and revolutions in the Arab world
Arabian Peninsula List of modern conflicts in North Africa List of modern conflicts in the Middle East Revolutions of 1830 Revolutions of 1989 We Want to Live
Arab_Spring
South African system of racial segregation
especially South African English: /əˈpɑːrt(h)eɪt/ ə-PART-(h)ayt, Afrikaans: [aˈpart(ɦ)əit] ; transl. "separateness", lit. 'aparthood') was a system of institutionalised
Apartheid
Ethnic Arabs of North Africa
al-Maghāriba) or North African Arabs (Arabic: عرب شمال أفريقيا, romanized: ‘Arab Shamāl Ifrīqiyā) are the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa whose
Maghrebi_Arabs
Umayyad province
region of North Africa, from its conquest of the Maghreb starting in 661 to the Kharijite Berber Revolt ending in 743, which led to the end of its rule
Umayyad_rule_in_North_Africa
demographics of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region show a highly populated, culturally diverse region spanning three continents. As of 2023, the
Demographics of the Middle East and North Africa
Demographics_of_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa
Province in South Africa
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located
North West (South African province)
North_West_(South_African_province)
Outdated grouping of human beings
Semitic – thus grouping the non-Semitic populations native to North Africa and the Horn of Africa, including the Ancient Egyptians. According to the Hamitic
Hamites
Extinct subspecies of elephant
The North African elephant (Loxodonta africana pharaohensis) is an extinct subspecies of the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), or possibly a
North_African_elephant
Archaeological culture
Middle Stone Age (or Middle Palaeolithic) stone tool industry centered in North Africa, from Mauritania to Egypt, but also possibly found in Oman and the Thar
Aterian
to that of the Shi'a, the party of Ali. Julien, A History of North Africa (Paris 1952; London 1970) at 21. Julien, A History of North Africa (1952, 1970)
History of early Islamic Tunisia
History_of_early_Islamic_Tunisia
Desert on the African continent
The Sahara (/səˈhɑːrə/, /səˈhɛrə/) is a desert spanning North Africa. With an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it is the largest
Sahara
The North Africa wildfires started on 24 July 2023 primarily in Algeria with at least 97 blazes, killing at least 34 (with 10 soldiers), injuring 26, mobilising
2023_North_Africa_wildfires
Cyclic climate pattern
North African climate cycles have a unique history that can be traced back millions of years. The cyclic climate pattern of the Sahara is characterized
North_African_climate_cycles
Multilateral relations
Africa–North Korea relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the continent of Africa
Africa–North_Korea_relations
Regions south of the Sahara
Africa is the areas and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. These include Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa,
Sub-Saharan_Africa
Almohad Movement in North Africa at 67-68; cf., Julien, History of North Africa at 114-115. Le Tourneau, The Almohad Movement in North Africa (Princeton Univ
History_of_medieval_Tunisia
West African genetic history
genetic history of West Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of West Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway and place of dwelling
Genetic history of West Africa
Genetic_history_of_West_Africa
Spanish territories along the northern African coast
"strongholds of sovereignty", are a series of Spanish territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco, closer to Africa than to Europe
Plazas_de_soberanía
1870s–1914 European colonisation of Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the invasion, conquest, and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers, which were driven by the Second
Scramble_for_Africa
offensive in East Africa in 1941 ended with Italy losing all its colonies in the region. In North Africa, a war of movement saw large swathes of Libya (an Italian
Military history of Italy during World War II
Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II
history of the African diaspora is composed of the overall genetic history of the African diaspora, within regions outside of Africa, such as North America
Genetic history of the African diaspora
Genetic_history_of_the_African_diaspora
Hybrid species of bee
The Africanized bee, also known as the Africanized honey bee (AHB) and colloquially as the "killer bee", is a hybrid of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Africanized_bee
Wheel in Africa
The wheel in Africa was used, to various extents, throughout the history of Africa, beginning in the Bronze Age in northern Africa and following its introduction
History of the wheel in Africa
History_of_the_wheel_in_Africa
African-American history started with the forced transportation of Black Africans to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. The European colonization
African-American_history
Award
The North Africa Medal (French: Médaille d'Afrique du Nord) was a French commemorative medal established on 29 April 1997 by French President Jacques Chirac
North_Africa_Medal
The history of North Carolina from pre-colonial history to the present, covers the experiences of the people who have lived within the territory that
History_of_North_Carolina
Allied landing operations in French North Africa during World War II
invasion of French North Africa during World War II. Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while
Operation_Torch
numerous ethnic groups of North Africa. North Africa encompasses the northern portion of Africa, including a large portion of the Sahara Desert. The region's
Culture_of_North_Africa
Subspecies of flightless bird
The North African ostrich, red-necked ostrich, or Barbary ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) is the nominate subspecies of the common ostrich from West
North_African_ostrich
The military history of South Africa chronicles a vast time period and complex events from the dawn of history until the present time. It covers civil
Military history of South Africa
Military_history_of_South_Africa
Jewish communities of continental Africa include: Sephardic Jews and Mizrahi Jews who predominantly live in the Maghreb of North Africa, including Moroccan
History_of_the_Jews_in_Africa
Westernmost region of the African continent
West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin
West_Africa
Region west of the Nile Valley
Libyē, which came from Berber: Libu) referred to the area of North Africa directly west of the Nile River (modern-day Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco)
Ancient_Libya
Roman province in North Africa
of Sidra. The territory was originally and still is inhabited by Berbers, known in Latin as the Numidae and Maurii, indigenous to all of North Africa
Africa_(Roman_province)
Region of North Africa; the western half of the Arab world
Greater Maghreb and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya
Maghreb
Historic division of the Byzantine Empire
The Exarchate of Africa was a division of the Byzantine Empire around Carthage that encompassed its possessions on the Western Mediterranean. Ruled by
Exarchate_of_Africa
People of the Canary Islands
are most probably descendants of the Berbers of North Africa. The islands were conquered by Castile at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1402, they
Canary_Islanders
Historical communities of Jews in West Africa
Lake Chad. The area located north of West Africa is primarily desert containing the Western Sahara. (3) Ancient West Africa included the Sahara, which
History of the Jews in West Africa
History_of_the_Jews_in_West_Africa
in North Africa are the cities—populated by Roman citizens—created in North Africa by the Roman Empire, mainly in the period between the reigns of Augustus
Roman colonies in North Africa
Roman_colonies_in_North_Africa
Species of mammal
The North African sengi or North African elephant shrew (Petrosaltator rozeti) is a small mammal belonging to the Macroscelididae. It is native to Algeria
North_African_sengi
African metallurgy has a long history, spanning several millennia and encompassing a wide range of techniques and innovations. This article explores the
History of metallurgy in Africa
History_of_metallurgy_in_Africa
conquests into North Africa brought pressure on Christians to convert to Islam due to special taxation imposed on non-Muslims, the threat of enslavement
Christianity_in_Africa
As of 2026, the Jewish Agency for Israel estimates that the figure is 61,000. The history of the Jews in South Africa began during the period of Portuguese
History of the Jews in South Africa
History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa
that evidence of trade in luxury items like precious metals and shells across the entirety of the continent. African economic history often focuses on
Economic_history_of_Africa
People from Ancient Carthage
was Ancient Carthage, but there were 300 other settlements along the North African coast from Leptis Magna in Libya to Mogador in Morocco, as well as western
Punic_people
c. 650–1930 CE slave trade
the early 8th-century conquest of North Africa, Arabs, Berbers, and other ethnic groups ventured into Sub-Saharan Africa first along the Nile Valley towards
Trans-Saharan_slave_trade
Region in the ancient Maghreb
and saint Zeno of Verona "region, North Africa". Encyclopedia Britannica. August 9, 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2017. "Archaeological Site of Volubilis". "Iol
Mauretania
The natural history of Africa encompasses some of the well-known megafauna of that continent. Natural history is the study and description of organisms
Natural_history_of_Africa
Coastal region of North Africa inhabited by Berber people
were the coastal areas of central and western North Africa, more specifically, the Maghreb and the Ottoman borderlands consisting of the regencies in Algiers
Barbary_Coast
religion of North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Sahel, the Swahili Coast, and West Africa, with minority immigrant populations in Southern Africa. In Sub-Saharan
Islam_in_Africa
of Algeria History of Africa History of North Africa List of presidents of Algeria Politics of Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria History of cities in Algeria:
History_of_Algeria
Eastern African genetic history
The genetic history of Eastern Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of Eastern Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway
Genetic history of Eastern Africa
Genetic_history_of_Eastern_Africa
English trading company (1660–1752)
The Royal African Company (RAC) was an English trading company established in 1660 by the House of Stuart and City of London merchants to trade along
Royal_African_Company
Queen of the Aurès
leadership to fight against the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, leading the indigenous North African defense of the region then known as Numidia. She fought
Kahina
French historian (1852–1937)
historian, a specialist of Latin epigraphy and history of North Africa during Antiquity. On the death of his father, Léon Renier, a friend of the family, supported
René_Cagnat
superhighway of transport, trade and cultural exchange between diverse peoples encompassing three continents: Western Asia, North Africa, and Southern
History of the Mediterranean region
History_of_the_Mediterranean_region
Europe Genetic history of Italy Genetic history of North Africa Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula
List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
List_of_Y-chromosome_haplogroups_in_populations_of_the_world
migrations Ethnic groups in the Middle East Genetic history of Europe Genetic history of North Africa History of the Middle East Middle Bronze Age migrations
Genetic history of the Middle East
Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East
regions of the continent of Africa throughout history. A kingdom is a state with a king or queen as its head. An empire is a political unit made up of several
List of kingdoms and empires in African history
List_of_kingdoms_and_empires_in_African_history
Bilateral relations
North Korea–South Africa relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and South Africa. North
North Korea–South Africa relations
North_Korea–South_Africa_relations
Biennial international women's football tournament in Africa
Women's Africa Cup of Nations (WAFCON), known for sponsorship purposes as the TotalEnergies Women's Africa Cup of Nations and formerly the African Women's
Women's_Africa_Cup_of_Nations
Geographical convention
Archipelago the delineation of Asia from North America in the North Pacific Ocean. Historically in Greco-Roman geography, "Africa" meant ancient Libya, and
Boundaries between the continents
Boundaries_between_the_continents
much of Africa, especially in the regions of Western Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. The Arabic script is mainly used in North Africa. Among
Writing_systems_of_Africa
Most Common Type of Central Saharan rock art
(December 2009). "Tracing the History of Goat Pastoralism: New Clues from Mitochondrial and Y Chromosome DNA in North Africa". Molecular Biology and Evolution
Pastoral_period
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA
HISTORY OF-NORTH-AFRICA