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Test with important consequences for the test taker
A high-stakes test is a test with important consequences for the test taker. Passing has important benefits, such as a high school diploma, a scholarship
High-stakes_testing
Test administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner
standardized testing is non-standardized testing, in which either significantly different tests are given to different test takers, or the same test is assigned
Standardized_test
Adage about perverse incentives
consequences of high-stakes testing in U.S. classrooms. This may take the form of teaching to the test or outright cheating. "The High-Stakes Education Rule"
Campbell's_law
test. Many high-profile criterion-referenced tests are also high-stakes tests, where the results of the test have important implications for the individual
Criterion-referenced_test
Educational evaluation method
of students. Other prominent critics of high-stakes testing include Fairtest and Alfie Kohn. The use of IQ tests has been banned in some states for educational
Educational_assessment
Educational assessment
for either low- or high-skill students High-stakes test High-stakes tests are tests with important consequences for the individual test taker, such as getting
Exam
Automatic grading of educational assignments
measure educational achievement at reduced cost. The use of AES for high-stakes testing in education has generated significant backlash, with opponents pointing
Automated_essay_scoring
American educator
professor and activist Diane Ravitch dubbed her "the Doyenne of high-stakes testing. In April 2004, Tisch considered running for the Upper East Side
Merryl_Tisch
Management style
56(4), 747–767 Au, W. (2011). Teaching under the new Taylorism: high-stakes testing and the standardization of the 21st century curriculum. Journal of
Digital_Taylorism
American psychologist (1938–2025)
your School with his wife, Ursula Casanova, Collateral Damage: How High-stakes Testing Corrupts American Education with S.L. Nichols, and edited the Handbook
David_Berliner
Stress experienced by students
students in response to heavy workloads, competitive grading, and high-stakes testing. Excessive academic stress may lead to Generative artificial intelligence
Academic_stress
High school leaving examination
called a high-stakes test. Many organizations such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) oppose high-stakes tests in general, with
Exit_examination
Use of information technology in assessment
been met. Practice Testing – With the ever-increasing use of high-stakes testing in the educational arena, online practice tests are used to give students
Electronic_assessment
Taiwanese university entrance examination
Tseng found that Taiwanese students experience high levels of anxiety related to high-stakes testing.Their research shows that the long preparation for
General Scholastic Ability Test
General_Scholastic_Ability_Test
2009 event
States education history. The scandal thrust the debate over using high-stakes testing to hold educators accountable, mandated by the 2001 No Child Left
Atlanta Public Schools cheating scandal
Atlanta_Public_Schools_cheating_scandal
President of the American Federation of Teachers since 2008
high-stakes testing while supporting accountability measures and selective use of assessments. Her leadership and positions on standardized testing,
Randi_Weingarten
Educational assessment software
progress monitoring tools ("Tier 1") and high-stakes tests. The acronym STAR, which used to stand for "Standardized Test for the Assessment of Reading" no longer
STAR_(software)
discusses an issue a high school teacher discovered during his time teaching. The issue was on test his students were able to achieve high grades yet when
Academic grading in the United States
Academic_grading_in_the_United_States
American psychologist (1938–2015)
and policy issues relating to the application of test data, and the effects of high-stakes testing on teaching and learning. He was a professor emeritus
Robert_L._Linn
Process of having a student repeat an educational course
basis of the results of a single test, called high-stakes testing, is widely condemned by professional educators and test authors alike. Indeed, Mississippi
Grade_retention
American nonprofit racial justice organization
punishment in U.S. public schools: How zero tolerance policies and high stakes testing subvert academic excellence and racial equity (2001) "Cruel and Usual:
Race_Forward
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Belgium
groups such as races, income, or gender. High school graduation examinations, which are a form of high-stakes testing that denies diplomas to students who
Standards-based education reform in the United States
Standards-based_education_reform_in_the_United_States
Educational organizations based in the United States
Core State Standards Initiative High-stakes testing SBAC Practice Tests and Sample Questions Math and ELA Practice tests Dian Schaffhauser. "Amplify Insight
Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium
Smarter_Balanced_Assessment_Consortium
Consortium for K–12 assessments in Mathematics and English
state standardized tests for all children that are mandatory for graduation from high school. These tests are known as "high-stakes testing" in which schools
PARCC
Organization of educational activists for social justice
been active in efforts to resist curriculum standardization and high-stakes testing in schools, particularly as a result of the No Child Left Behind
Rouge_Forum
Standardized measurement of academic performance
a student earns in a given period of time. A GPA is often calculated for high school, undergraduate, and graduate students. A cumulative grade point average
Grading_in_education
2025 mixed martial event
Retrieved 2025-01-10. Prince Horton (2025-04-11). "UFC Vegas 106 adds a high-stakes test for undefeated prospect – top 10 spot in reach". athlonsports.net.
UFC_315
2002 United States education reform law; repealed 2015
maintained that high-stakes testing is detrimental to school success across the country because it encourages teachers to "teach to the test" and places undue
No_Child_Left_Behind_Act
regardless of grades on tests. The grades on tests have no effect on schooling until taking entrance exams to get into high school. Japanese children's
Academic_grading_in_Japan
Test of developed skill or knowledge
on the final test. Math-Verbal Achievement Gap Psychological testing Test (student assessment) High stakes test National Achievement Test Hawaii Department
Achievement_test
Test where answers are chosen from lists
preferred form of high-stakes testing and the sample size of test-takers is large respectively. Another disadvantage of multiple choice tests is possible ambiguity
Multiple_choice
structure: Some children take National 4 or National 5 in their 4th year/S4 at high school (aged about 15/16). In some schools, if children are in top set in
Academic grading in the United Kingdom
Academic_grading_in_the_United_Kingdom
Idiom for extrinsically-motivated education
Nichols, Sharon L. (2013). "A Quandary for School Leaders: Equity, High-stakes Testing and Accountability". In Tillman, Linda C.; Scheurich, James Joseph
Teaching_to_the_test
South Korean standardised test
Baek, Hye-Jeong. P 265-279 Liang Choon Wang, The Deadly Effect of High-Stakes Testing on Teenagers with Reference-Dependent Preferences, [1] Archived October
College Scholastic Ability Test
College_Scholastic_Ability_Test
2026 United States Supreme Court case
directly. Barbara led headlines and was regarded as one of the most high-stakes tests of the scope of the Citizenship Clause since the decision in United
Trump_v._Barbara
Number, that conveys the performance of an examinee on a test
Scoring. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Page 1, sentence 1. Iowa Testing Programs guide for interpreting test scores Archived 2008-02-12 at the Wayback Machine Powell
Test_score
American stakes race for Thoroughbreds, part of the Triple Crown
The Belmont Stakes is an American Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds run at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is run over the worldwide
Belmont_Stakes
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Egypt
Any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise
witnessed their colleagues cheating in one form or another. The rise of high-stakes testing and the consequences of the results on the teacher is cited as a
Academic_dishonesty
Ecuadorian mixed martial artist (born 1999)
Retrieved 2025-02-19. Prince Horton (2025-04-11). "UFC Vegas 106 Adds a High-Stakes Test for Undefeated Prospect – Top 10 Spot in Reach". athlonsports.net.
Michael_Morales_(fighter)
be an antiquated philosophy with public schools trending towards high-stakes testing, there are many schools such as Montessori and other philosophies/pedagogies
Wellness_in_school
American historian and educational policy analyst
Child Left Behind, by 2010 Ravitch renounced her earlier support for high-stakes testing and school choice. She critiqued the punitive uses of accountability
Diane_Ravitch
Method in education
"Paint-by-Number Teachers and Cookie-Cutter Students: The Unintended Effects of High-Stakes Testing on the Education of Gifted Students". Roeper Review. 31 (1): 40–52
Formative_assessment
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Nepal
Theory in psychometrics
Classical test theory (CTT) is a body of related psychometric theory that predicts outcomes of psychological testing such as the difficulty of items, precision
Classical_test_theory
CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average)/CPI (Cumulative Performance Index). A high CGPA/CPI is usually very competitive to get at IITs and NITs, and an CGPA/CPI
Academic_grading_in_India
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Hong_Kong
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Austria
In South Africa, the grading system used in High schools until 2008 (when the education minister implemented Outcomes Based Education or OBE curriculum)
Academic grading in South Africa
Academic_grading_in_South_Africa
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic grading in Bangladesh
Academic_grading_in_Bangladesh
Nevertheless, due to rarity of psychometric testing (like Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) or the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and the like in the US) the
Academic_grading_in_Germany
Test selecting students for admission to an educational institution
Competitive examination High-stakes testing List of admission tests to colleges and universities National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate) Selective
Entrance_examination
Pan-European school grading system
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
ECTS_grading_scale
American writer and illustrator (born 1944)
outspoken critic of the No Child Left Behind Act due to its reliance on high-stakes testing. Lillian Two Blossom (1988) ISBN 0-399-21470-4 The Keeping Quilt
Patricia_Polacco
American academic, political activist and candidate
and broadband infrastructure, a statewide fracking ban, an end to high-stakes testing and fair funding for schools in both under-resourced and affluent
Zephyr_Teachout
American psychometrician (1926–2015)
entered the mainstream in high-stakes testing, professional certification and licensure examinations, and in research employing tests, and surveys and assessments
Benjamin_Drake_Wright
American sociologist
ISBN 0122503503. Heubert, Jay P.; Hauser, Robert M., eds. (1999). High stakes : testing for tracking, promotion, and graduation. Washington, D.C.: National
Robert_M._Hauser
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic grading in the Republic of Ireland
Academic_grading_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Indonesia
grundskola [Kindergarten – Ninth grade] (primary/elementary and secondary/high school, officially called "compulsory school" by Skolverket), students are
Academic_grading_in_Sweden
used by many schools in Alberta. This is the system of grading used by many high schools in BC (Grades 10–12). The grading standards for public elementary
Academic_grading_in_Canada
for Raffles Institution has also changed to reduce student pressure for a high GPA; the new grading system is as follows: Like in Secondary Schools, Junior
Academic_grading_in_Singapore
American economist and academic (1948–2020)
also studied high-stakes testing, and educator fears that high-stakes testing will create incentives to focus on learning to the tests at the cost of
Edward_Lazear
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic grading in the Philippines
Academic_grading_in_the_Philippines
1995–2000 period in Texas
some critics pointed to stagnant test scores, high dropout rates, and concerns about the impact of high-stakes testing on minority students. Bush, running
Governorship of George W. Bush
Governorship_of_George_W._Bush
a passing grade. In October 2004, the Ministry of Education changed the high school academic grading system from absolute(절대등급) to relative evaluation(상대등급)
Academic grading in South Korea
Academic_grading_in_South_Korea
West Virginia affiliate of the Green Party
with apartments. The Mountain Party seeks to end high-stakes testing and eliminate the standardized testing model. The party seeks to fully fund full-day
Mountain_Party
Standardized test
The blame belongs to 'high-stakes tests' like the Stanford 9 and California's High School Exit Exam. Reliance on such tests, the board grumbles, 'unfairly
California High School Exit Exam
California_High_School_Exit_Exam
between 0.5 and 1. This of course varies depending on the kind of exam, the tested class, the school level, the region, the teacher and other factors. Since
Academic grading in Switzerland
Academic_grading_in_Switzerland
achievement. Since 1890, the French baccalauréat exam, required to receive a high school diploma, has traditionally scored students on a scale (Barème) of
Academic_grading_in_France
German aerospace company
September 2020. "Lilium reportedly seeking public investment via SPAC in high-stakes test for electric air taxi-makers". evtol.com. Retrieved 23 January 2021
Lilium_GmbH
who pass (that is, who achieve raw marks of 50 or more) may be awarded a High Distinction grade, and 50% or more of passing students are awarded a basic
Academic_grading_in_Australia
the pupil does better on following tests. For final examinations, a 5 is unacceptable as an average, but in high schools one mark 5 is condoned for one
Academic grading in the Netherlands
Academic_grading_in_the_Netherlands
Racial desegregation process
p. 10. Frankenberg, p. 17. Au, Wayne (2007). Unequal by Design: High-Stakes Testing and the Standardization of Inequality. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780203892046
School integration in the United States
School_integration_in_the_United_States
Examinations such as TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) and especially IELTS (International English Language Testing System) have become more
Education_in_Vietnam
scale in 2005; see above. "12: For an excellent performance displaying a high level of command of all aspects of the relevant material, with no or only
Academic_grading_in_Denmark
American progressive activist and politician
repairs, free student bus passes, and an end to school closings and high-stakes testing. Regunberg attended Harvard Law School, receiving a J.D. in 2022
Aaron_Regunberg
and Advanced levels (GCE ‘O’ and ‘A’ levels) in 1989 and is equivalent to high school / upper secondary passout grades in their 6th year of basic education
Academic_grading_in_Nigeria
More higher education reduces its value
high wealth inequality and meager social mobility, raising the stakes to get into the few available managerial positions. The entrenched high-stakes testing
Credentialism and degree inflation
Credentialism_and_degree_inflation
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic grading in Kyrgyzstan
Academic_grading_in_Kyrgyzstan
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Kenya
distinction is made between "notable bajo" 7 (low) and "notable alto" 8 (high). 6 is called "Bien (BI)" ("good"). 5 is called "Suficiente (SU)" ("sufficient")
Academic_grading_in_Spain
Mixed martial arts event in 2025
2025-02-26. (in Spanish) Prince Horton (2025-04-11). "UFC Vegas 106 Adds a High-Stakes Test for Undefeated Prospect – Top 10 Spot in Reach". athlonsports.net.
UFC Fight Night: Burns vs. Morales
UFC_Fight_Night:_Burns_vs._Morales
Bilingual secondary school leaving certification
a 2nd foreign language is also compulsory). The final pass-rate is very high (almost always over 98%), in part due to the practice of 'weeding out' candidates
European_Baccalaureate
Psychometric factor also known as "general intelligence"
2009.12.002. Sackett, P.R.; Borneman, M.J.; Connelly, B.S. (2008). "High-Stakes Testing in Higher Education and Employment. Appraising the Evidence for Validity
G_factor_(psychometrics)
U.S. examination program for medical licensure
system. The change was made to encourage a shift in focus from "high-stakes testing" to "learning and individual improvement", as well as to alleviate
United States Medical Licensing Examination
United_States_Medical_Licensing_Examination
typically graded with either the above scale, or by the Latin system used in high school matriculation exams, see above. In the grading of Master Theses, there
Academic_grading_in_Finland
means halfway between 1 and 2, and 1* means exceptionally excellent. Private high schools or Gymnasiums may use different academic grading. A 10-point grading
Academic grading in the Czech Republic
Academic_grading_in_the_Czech_Republic
Overview of the US racial achievement gap in particular
represented on the high-stakes tests. Some even suggest that high-stakes testing may lead school personnel to intentionally manipulate student test scores. This
Racial achievement gap in the United States
Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States
(unsatisfactory) (20-49%), 1 (poor) is the lowest possible grade (0-19%). In high-schools and universities, a 20-point grading scale is used. When it is the
Academic_grading_in_Portugal
Philosophy and practice that aims to liberate learners from oppression
This tension is particularly evident in educational systems where high-stakes testing and standardized curricula are dominant. Nouri & Sajjadi 2014, p
Emancipatory_pedagogy
American sociologist
Nikhil (March 29, 2016). "These Politicians Think Your Kids Need High-Stakes Testing—but Not Theirs". The Nation. "Nikhil Goyal". macmillan.com. Retrieved
Nikhil_Goyal
whole numbers. Vocational education usually ends with a trade test (fagprøve) or journeyman test (svenneprøve) after a period of apprenticeship. The grading
Academic_grading_in_Norway
Standardized test formerly used in public schools in Florida
"children are being terrorized with a test called FCAT." Writers such as Diane Ravitch claim that high-stakes testing is driven by corporate interests rather
Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test
Florida_Comprehensive_Assessment_Test
American academic administrator
Public Schools". "Pittsburgh schools chief Roosevelt moving on". "High-stakes test". 2008-06-05. "Roosevelt is one leader who lived up to promise". Presidential
Mark_Roosevelt
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Pakistan
Examination for engineer license in the US
CBT exams that have a smaller examinee population use a different high-stakes testing model and are administered on a single day each year. PE exams are
Principles and Practice of Engineering exam
Principles_and_Practice_of_Engineering_exam
American lawyer and judge (born 1958)
Education Secretary, Holton wrote in 2015 that high-stakes testing in Virginia resulted in "teaching to the test" and made it difficult to attract good teachers
Anne_Holton
Criterion-referenced test Exam Grade inflation High-stakes testing Inter-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Norm-referenced test Psychological evaluation
Academic_grading_in_Russia
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