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Population explosion of organisms that can kill marine life
A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, sometimes called a red tide in marine environments, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts
Harmful_algal_bloom
Spread of planktonic algae in water
fresh water or marine water systems. It may be a benign or harmful algal bloom. Algal bloom is often recognized by the discoloration in the water from
Algal_bloom
Harmful algal bloom event
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) event that started in March 2025 is ongoing along the coasts of the state of South Australia as of February 2026[update].
2025 algal bloom in South Australia
2025_algal_bloom_in_South_Australia
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
visible coloration of the water, colloquially known as red tide (a harmful algal bloom), which can cause shellfish poisoning if humans eat contaminated
Dinoflagellate
Freshwater lake in California
lake can produce blooms often beginning in the spring and lasting through the fall. Referred to as harmful algal blooms (HAB), these blooms consist of solid
Clear_Lake_(California)
Foam created by the agitation of seawater
and lipids) derived from sources such as the offshore breakdown of algal blooms. These compounds can act as surfactants or foaming agents. As the seawater
Sea_foam
U.S. public law
The Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2014 (S. 1254; Pub. L. 113–121 (text) (PDF)) is a U.S. public law that reauthorizes
Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2014
Harmful_Algal_Bloom_and_Hypoxia_Research_and_Control_Amendments_Act_of_2014
Toxin produced by cyanobacteria
Cyanotoxins are often implicated in what are commonly called red tides or harmful algal blooms. Lakes and oceans contain many single-celled organisms called phytoplankton
Cyanotoxin
Freshwater lake in Northern Ireland
health from toxins and pathogens detected in the algal mats found in the lake. These harmful algal blooms have a number factors contributing to their occurrence
Lough_Neagh
Freshwater lake in Utah County, Utah, United States
the Clean Water Act. In recent years, the lake has been prone to harmful algal blooms or HABs. Utah Lake is managed cooperatively by the Utah Division
Utah_Lake
Provision of nutrients to the upper layers of the oceans
at least half the bloom biomass sank below 1,000 metres, where it will likely remain sequestered for centuries. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are well documented—in
Ocean_fertilization
Species of dinoflagellate
a dinoflagellate species from the genus Karenia that can cause a harmful algal bloom. Its first appearance was in Japan in 1935 and since then, it has
Karenia_mikimotoi
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
Katherine; Fino, Danielle; Shepherd, Adam (2007). "Harmful Algae". US National Office for Harmful Algal Blooms. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008
Algae
Natural lake, reservoir in New Jersey, United States
the summer of 2014. In the summer of 2019 the lake experienced a severe bloom of cyanobacteria, triggered by heavy spring rain that carried nutrients
Lake_Hopatcong
Species of pennate diatom found in temperate and sub-tropic marine waters
of California for a federal disaster declaration Effects of this harmful algal bloom on wildlife included mortality and seizures of a wide variety of
Pseudo-nitzschia_australis
Accumulation of nutrients in water
being introduced. Some harmful algal blooms resulting from eutrophication, are toxic to plants and animals. Freshwater algal blooms can pose a threat to
Eutrophication
Contamination of water by excessive inputs of nutrients
water bodies. Excess nitrogen causes environmental problems such as harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, acid rain, nitrogen saturation in forests, and climate
Nutrient_pollution
Natural freshwater lake in Florida, United States
more phosphorus into the lake, enabling harmful algal bloom. Along with this algal bloom in 2016, other algal blooms have been found to occur in relation
Lake_Okeechobee
Genus of bacteria
cyanobacteria that includes the harmful algal bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa. Over the last few decades, cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication
Microcystis
tradeoffs resulting from pH imbalances. Although the drivers of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are poorly understood, they appear to have increased in range
Effects of climate change on oceans
Effects_of_climate_change_on_oceans
For killing and preventing the growth of algae
environments by mitigating the negative effects of harmful algal blooms (HAB). Algicidal bacteria interactions with algal cells can be broadly split into two categories:
Algaecide
Species of protist
bahamense variety was nontoxic and found in the Atlantic, but a 1972 toxic algal bloom of Pyrodinium bahamense in Papua New Guinea showed this was not the case
Pyrodinium
Species of single-celled organism
distinguishes it from a red tide, which is an algal bloom whose toxins lead to harmful effects in people. Although no harmful effects are known, it is recommended
Prymnesium_parvum
Genus of marine planktonic diatoms
due to increased awareness of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their implications for human and ecosystem health. Blooms have since been characterized
Pseudo-nitzschia
Viruses found in marine environments
Viruses are the main agents responsible for the rapid destruction of harmful algal blooms which often kill other marine life. The number of viruses in the
Marine_viruses
nutrient pollution and feed the algae. This leads to eutrophication and harmful algal bloom. Many countries have banned the use of phosphates in detergent, including
Phosphates_in_detergent
frequent harmful algal blooms. Also, during droughts, surface waters are even more susceptible to harmful algal blooms and microorganisms. Algal blooms increase
Effects of climate change on human health
Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health
Cyanotoxins produced by blue-green algae
detected unsafe levels of microcystin in its water supply due to harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie, the shallowest of the Great Lakes. The city issued
Microcystin
Overview of the environment of the U.S. state of Florida
species and, as a predator of snails, a threat to biodiversity. Harmful algal bloom (HAB) is a natural occurrence of a higher than usual concentration
Environment_of_Florida
activities and the red tide outbreak. Evidence from Comau Fiord where a Harmful Algal Bloom caused a mass die of cold water coral reefs was directly linked to
Aquaculture_in_Chile
Species of single-celled organism
human consumption. Because of this, A. catenella is categorized as a harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. While in some areas the causes of HABs appears to
Alexandrium_catenella
Low levels of oxygen in bottom waters occurring regularly in the Baltic Sea
Food security risks due to declining fish stocks 2. Exposure to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which can produce toxins affecting drinking water and seafood
Baltic_Sea_hypoxia
Order of bacteria
order of cyanobacteria in some classifications which includes the harmful algal bloom Microcystis aeruginosa. Molecular data indicate that Chroococcales
Chroococcales
Seasonal upwelling system in the eastern Great Australian Bight
original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013. About the Algal Bloom Algal Bloom Update. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 15 October 2025
Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System
Great_South_Australian_Coastal_Upwelling_System
Localized die-off of fish populations
the water, which in turn may be due to factors such as drought, harmful algal bloom, overpopulation, or a sustained increase in water temperature. Infectious
Fish_kill
Microbial mat that forms on the surface of water or rocks
surface as sedimentary rocks. The rapid formation of algal mats can result in harmful algal blooms (HABs), also known as red tides or green tides. HABs
Algal_mat
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
contributors to global carbon and nitrogen fluxes. Some cyanobacteria form harmful algal blooms causing the disruption of aquatic ecosystems and intoxication of
Cyanobacteria
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
efficiency. Phytoplankton blooms in which a species increases rapidly under conditions favorable to growth can produce harmful algal blooms (HABs). Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton
Wetland in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, United States
agricultural runoff has degraded the environment. This causes frequent harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie. According to 19th-century land surveys and Geographic
Great_Black_Swamp
Species of bacterium
cyanobacteria that can form harmful algal blooms of economic and ecological importance. They are the most common toxic cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic fresh
Microcystis_aeruginosa
"A Balanced Diet for Lake Erie: Reducing Phosphorus Loadings and Harmful Algal Blooms". International Joint Commission. Retrieved 2025-06-16. "Recommended
Central_Basin_of_Lake_Erie
Syndrome of shellfish poisoning
needed] Most shellfish can store saxitoxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes, but some, such as butter clams, can store the toxin for up
Paralytic_shellfish_poisoning
Family of bacteria
Microcystaceae is family of cyanobacteria which contains the harmful algal bloom Microcystis aeruginosa. The family is characterized by single, floating
Microcystaceae
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Free-living protists can also negatively impact aquatic life as harmful algal blooms. The early evolution of protists corresponds with the evolution of
Protist
Strong increase in phytoplankton abundance that typically occurs in the early spring
higher and peak biomass occurred later in the spring.[citation needed] Algal bloom Critical depth Gordon Arthur Riley Plankton Mann, K.H., Lazier, J.R.N
Spring_bloom
Syndrome of shellfish poisoning
commonly take place following harmful algal bloom (HAB) events, commonly referred to as "Florida red tide" (given that blooms are more commonplace along
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
Neurotoxic_shellfish_poisoning
American limnologist
for her research on nutrient pollution (cultural eutrophication), harmful algal blooms, and the biology and toxicity of the dinoflagellate genus Pfiesteria
JoAnn_Burkholder
Genus of protists
triradiate body scales. The genus is often found in worldwide algal blooms, causing harmful algal blooms (HABs) that devastate the environment or agriculture.
Heterocapsa
Species of dinoflagellate
brevis flourish and grow to high concentrations, an event termed a "harmful algal bloom" (HAB). While there are many different types of these HABs and the
Karenia_brevis
Aquatic organism that feeds on planktonic food
availability. Additionally, harmful algal blooms (HABs) can negatively impact many planktivores and can transfer harmful toxins from the phytoplankton
Planktivore
Branch of biology concerned with the study of algae
"Chapter 10: Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics in Relation to Physical Processes" page 130 In Granéli, E. and Turner, J. T. (2008) Ecology of Harmful Algae Springer
Phycology
One of the Great Lakes in North America
Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Henry, Tom (August 7, 2019). "Summer algal bloom
Lake_Erie
Object or substance used to attract fish
potentially cause eutrophication in the local water, which may lead to harmful algal blooms. Using inedible lures, on the other hand, is associated with the
Fishing_bait
Campaign in California
Quality, Environmental Justice Initiatives, and algae bloom reports such as this one. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an issue in the San Francisco Bay-Delta
Restore_the_Delta
International harmful algal bloom research programme
international research programme on the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful algal blooms. It was initiated in 1998 by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic
GEOHAB
1999 novel by James Powlik
oceanographer James Powlik. It is an environmental thriller about a harmful algal bloom. "Sea Change by James Powlik". Publishers Weekly. August 2, 1999
Sea_Change_(Powlik_novel)
Species of single-celled organism
$121 million during the last 3 decades due to harmful algal blooms. In the United States harmful algal blooms have estimated annual costs of $50 million
Alexandrium_tamarense
Species of alga
alga that episodically forms toxic surface aggregations known as harmful algal bloom. The species name akashiwo is from the Japanese for "red tide". Synonyms
Heterosigma_akashiwo
Genus of brown algae
2013). "Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms". US EPA. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms" (PDF). United States Environmental
Sargassum
American politician and attorney (born 1942)
became the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2014, which reauthorized and modified the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia
Bill_Nelson
Prolonged period of excessively hot weather
"Pelagic harmful algal blooms and climate change: Lessons from nature's experiments with extremes". Harmful Algae. Climate change and harmful algal blooms. 91
Heat_wave
Genus of single-celled organisms
contains some of the dinoflagellate species most harmful to humans, because it produces toxic harmful algal blooms (HAB) that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning
Alexandrium_(dinoflagellate)
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
Viruses are the main agents responsible for the rapid destruction of harmful algal blooms which often kill other marine life. The number of viruses in the
Plankton
Mass of Sargassum in Atlantic Ocean
in 2025. In general, in Florida, algal blooms have been growing larger and are arriving earlier. During heavy blooms, the huge tangles of seaweed can
Great_Atlantic_Sargassum_Belt
Species of bivalve
cultural pride and understanding of their heritage. From March 2025, a harmful algal bloom caused by Karenia mikimotoi occurred in South Australia, ongoing
Plebidonax_deltoides
Heterotrophic protistan or metazoan members of the plankton ecosystem
endosymbionts to acantharian radiolarians. Phaeocystis is an important algal genus found as part of the marine phytoplankton around the world. It has
Zooplankton
CDP in New York, United States
with beaches which are occasionally closed for swimming due to harmful algal blooms. The town was home to several former summer bungalow colonies in
Mohegan_Lake,_New_York
Chemical compound
Tang, Yinjie J. (2022). "Mineral-hydrogel composites for mitigating harmful algal bloom and supplying phosphorous for photo-biorefineries". Science of the
Calcium_phosphate
Conversion of dinitrogen into ammonia
Maranger R, Sobota DJ, Bouwman L (1 October 2014). "The Haber Bosch–harmful algal bloom (HB–HAB) link". Environmental Research Letters. 9 (10) 105001. Bibcode:2014ERL
Nitrogen_fixation
River in the United States of America
resulting in ecological damage. Harmful algal blooms have been documented in the St. Lucie River since the early 1980s. These blooms occur as the result of nutrient
St._Lucie_River
Paralytic shellfish toxin
by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic algal blooms, is responsible for the illness known as paralytic shellfish poisoning
Saxitoxin
called "Red tides." However, not all red tides are harmful, and they are only considered harmful algal blooms if the type of plankton involved contains hazardous
Ocean_color
Shallow estuary on the coast of California, US
unprecedented harmful algal bloom of Heterosigma akashiwo in 2022, resulting in mass fish deaths and anoxia, suggests that the mechanisms of control on algal growth
San_Francisco_Bay
Group of lakes in North America
2010. Retrieved December 7, 2016 – via Colorado.edu. "Lake Erie Harmful Algal Bloom". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on August
Great_Lakes
Fresh water reservoir in Michigan, U.S.
experiences algal blooms late in the summer, and the lake water is therefore frequently tested to assess for the presence of harmful algal blooms. The Washtenaw
Ford_Lake_(Michigan)
Second of the big five mass extinctions
river water may have caused eutrophication, harmful algal bloom and subsequent anoxia. During an algal bloom, organic material formed at the surface from
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
Medical condition
in everyday life, or cyanotoxins which are bio-accumulated from harmful algal blooms (HABs) which have settled on the benthic layer of a waterbody. Toxic
Toxic_encephalopathy
Toxic dinoflagellate species
Pfiesteria that some researchers claim was responsible for many harmful algal blooms in the 1980s and 1990s on the coast of North Carolina and Maryland
Pfiesteria_piscicida
Device used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a medium
for filter feeding animals like mussels and to detect the onset of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and/or "red tides" (not necessarily the same thing). Fluorometers
Fluorometer
Phytoplankton ecologist
scientist known for her research on nutrient use by phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms in the Chesapeake Bay. She is an elected fellow of the American Association
Patricia_Glibert
Tiny lifeforms floating and drifting in the air, carried by the wind
Birgit (2015). "Cyanobacteria and Algae Blooms: Review of Health and Environmental Data from the Harmful Algal Bloom-Related Illness Surveillance System (HABISS)
Aeroplankton
Genus of bacteria
Bloom, Cloudy Water, Ammonia/Nitrite Spike - What do I do?". the fishroom. 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2021-04-27. US EPA, OW (2013-06-03). "Harmful Algal Blooms"
Aphanizomenon
Genus of single-celled organisms
large blooms in the summer or fall which can have severe ecological and economical consequences. These blooms are generally referred to as harmful algal blooms
Karenia_(dinoflagellate)
Single-celled algae with silica cell walls
genes are also found in red algal plastid genomes, thus demonstrating successive EGT from red algal plastid to red algal nucleus (nucleomorph) to heterokont
Diatom
Climate change in the US state of Maine
productivity in the Gulf of Maine dropped 65% between 2001 and 2018. A harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurs when toxin-producing algae grow excessively in a body
Climate_change_in_Maine
Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean north of the Bering Strait
environmental conditions are right, they can germinate and create harmful algal blooms. In its active state, A. catenella produces saxitoxin, a potent neurotoxin
Chukchi_Sea
Species of alga
and an unusual exocellular polysaccharide-like layer. It causes harmful algal blooms. It is the only species in the genus Aureococcus. Gobler, C. J.;
Aureococcus
Species of marine mammal
et al. (2010). Thompson, Ross (ed.). "Evidence for a Novel Marine Harmful Algal Bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) Transfer from Land to Sea Otters". PLOS
Sea_otter
tornado Floods Flash flood Coastal flooding Tidal flooding Storm surge Harmful algal bloom Blue green algae Red tide High seas Sneaker wave High tides King
List of severe weather phenomena
List_of_severe_weather_phenomena
phosphorus enrichment on algal community development: Artificial mini-reefs on the Belize Barrier Reef sedimentary lagoon" Harmful Algae 9.3(2010) Littler
Diane_S._Littler
Species of single-celled organism
understand harmful algal bloom events: A comparative approach". Harmful Algae. Recent Progress on the Research and Management of Cochlodinium Blooms. 7 (3):
Cochlodinium_polykrikoides
Marine biology monitoring programming
include: Climate change Biodiversity and biogeography Eutrophication Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Fisheries investigations Plankton ecology Taxonomy Regime
Continuous_Plankton_Recorder
Miocene palaeontological locality in Chile
due to poisoning by toxins secreted by algae (events also known as harmful algal bloom). Geological and paleontological evidence indicates that high levels
Cerro_Ballena
Phylum of single-celled organisms
Meroplankton Pseudoplankton Tychoplankton Blooms Algal bloom Critical depth Cyanobacterial bloom Harmful algal bloom Spring bloom Eutrophication Great Atlantic Sargassum
Radiolaria
Detergent used for cleaning dishes
contain phosphates. Phosphates make dishes cleaner but can cause harmful algal bloom as wastewater returns to the natural environment. For this reason
Dishwashing_liquid
Topics referred to by the same term
Buildings Survey, a program of the United States National Park Service Harmful algal blooms, a dense proliferation of marine or freshwater algae causing negative
Habs_(disambiguation)
Genus of single-celled organisms
genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills. Pfiesteria complex organisms (PCOs) were claimed
Pfiesteria
Genus of single-celled organisms
zoospores. Parvilucifera species could help control dinoflagellate harmful algal blooms. The name of this genus derives from Latin parvus 'small' and lucidus 'shining'
Parvilucifera
Area where land meets the sea or ocean
Coastal waters can be threatened by coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. The identification of bodies of rock formed from sediments deposited
Coast
Luminous phenomenon in the ocean
Meroplankton Pseudoplankton Tychoplankton Blooms Algal bloom Critical depth Cyanobacterial bloom Harmful algal bloom Spring bloom Eutrophication Great Atlantic Sargassum
Milky_seas_effect
travel, tourism, insurance
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
Boy/Male
British, English
Harmful
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Irish
Elf Spear
Boy/Male
British, English
Careful
Boy/Male
Muslim
Hateful
Boy/Male
Indian
Hateful
Girl/Female
Welsh
Hateful.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Careful.
Boy/Male
Indian
Careful
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon English
Noble spearman.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The creator of the harmful
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Comforter
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Good
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Hateful.
Boy/Male
Indian
The creator of the harmful
Biblical
careful
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, Christian, English, German
Noble Spearman; Spear from the Elves
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Ælfgar, ALGAR means "elf spear."Â
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Dear; Cheerful; Deer
Boy/Male
Hindu
Deer, Funny, Cheerful
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Cheerful
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
HARMFUL ALGAL-BLOOM
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